Historical background and definition. evidence(1) - sulphate salt . evidence(2) - Sheet of water ice evidence(3) – New deposits in craters evidence(4) - Water-ice clouds evidence(5) - Vapour water over the polar cap Evidence (6)- Water vapour over the four big volcanoes

1. BY
AWAD ALBALWI
What evidence is there for water
on Mars?

2. Headlines
 Historical background and definition .
 evidence(1) - sulphate salt .
 evidence(2) - Sheet of water ice
 evidence(3) – New deposits in craters
 evidence(4) - Water-ice clouds
 evidence(5) - Vapour water over the polar
cap
 Evidence (6)- Water vapour over the four big
volcanoes

3. Introduction
what is Mars
Major Planets of the Solar System
Planet
Distanc
e from
the sun
(AU)
Period of
revolution
Period
of
rotatio
n
Mass
(earth=1)
Diamete
r
(earth=1)
Number
of
confirme
d
satellites
Earth 1 365 days
24
hours
1 1 1
Mars 1.52 687 days
25
hours
0.11 0.53 2

4. What is Mars look like

5. exploring Mars
1965,1976,2004 and 2008

6. The evidence (1) of water on mars
sulphate salt ,Victoria Crater
 May,2009
 sulphate salt deposits
arranged in layers
 Rocks have been
covered by water

7. Evidence(2)
Sheet of water ice in the crater
 July,2005

8. Evidence(3)
NASA images suggest Water still flows in brief spurts on Mars
BA
afterbefore afterbefore

9. Evidence(4)
Water-ice clouds
 Whiteway et al
2009
 Exchange of
water between
atmosphere and
ground.

10. Evidence(5)
The Mapping of Vapour water on polar cap Mars by using imaging
spectrometer
H2O column density at high northern latitudes for Ls = 93–100.
The maximum column density is 70 pr-um.
H2O column density at high northern latitudes for
Ls = 111–115.The maximum column density is 70 pr-um.
H2O column density at high northern latitudes for
Ls ¼ 101–105.The maximum column density is 70 pr-um.
H2O column density at high northern latitudes for
Ls ¼ 116–120.The maximum column density is 70 pr-um.

11. Evidence(6)
Water vapour over the four big volcanoes on
Tharsis region on Mars
Olympus
Pavonis Mons ArsiaMons
Ascraeus Mons
Clouds
Olympus

12. Thank you for
Attention

13. References
 http://www.astronomycafe.net/qadir/q1444.html
 http://saturn.astrobio.net/exclusive/859/evidence-of-water-
found-on-mars#
 http://www.racetomars.ca/mars/article_life_mars_red_planet.
jsp
 http://qanda.encyclopedia.com/question/evidence-water-
mars-has-been-found-103788.html
 http://saturn.astrobio.net/exclusive/859/evidence-of-water-found-on-mars
 www.msnbc.msn.com/id/4202901/(pi2,slide4)
 http://catholicforum.fisheaters.com/index.php?topic=3421622.0

14. References
 http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap970707.html(pic,s4)
 http://www.oregonlive.com/environment/index.ssf/2008/05/mars_landing.h
tml
 http://www.esa.int/SPECIALS/Mars_Express/SEMGKA808BE_1.html
 http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/mars/news/mgs-20061206_prt.htm8
 Whiteway, J, A, Komguem, L , Dickinson,C, Cook, C, Illnicki, M, Seabrook, J, Popovici,V, Duck,
T, J, Davy, R, Taylor, P,A, Pathak, J, Fisher, D, Carswell, A, I , Daly, M, Hipkin,V, Zent,A, P,
Hecht, M, H, Wood, S, E,Tamppari, L, K, Renno, N, Moores, J, E, Lemmon, M,T, Daerden, F &
Smith, P, H 2009, ‘MarsWater-Ice Clouds and Precipitation’, SCINCE, vol .325, pp. 68-70.
 Melchiorri, R, Encrenaz,T, Fouchet,T, Drossart, P, Lellouch, E, Gondet, B,
 Bibring, J, B, Langevin,Y, Schmitt, B, Titov, D & Ignatiev, N 2007, ‘Water vapor mapping on Mars
usingOMEGA/Mars Express’, Planetary andSpace Science, vol. 55,no.3,pp. 333-342.

15. References
 NASA Scientists Find More Evidence ofWater on Mars, accessed
22/05/2009,http://www1.voanews.com/english/news/a-13-2009-05-
22-voa3-68802137.html.
 Maltagliati, L, Titov, ,D,V , Encrenaz,H, Melchiorri,R, Forget d,R,
Garcia-Comas,M, Keller a,H, Langevin ,Y, Bibring,J2008,
"Observations of atmospheric water vapor above theTharsis
volcanoes on Mars with the OMEGA/MEx imaging spectrometer“,
Icarus ,vol.194,no.1,pp. 53-64.


16. The End