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US CH 34 Bush_ Clinton 2019
- 2. The Persian Gulf War • Saddam Hussein claimed that the oil-rich nation of Kuwait was really part of Iraq. • 1990, Iraqi troops invaded Kuwait. • then they headed toward Saudi Arabia and its oil fields. • If Iraq conquered Saudi Arabia as well as Kuwait, it would control one-half of the world’s known oil reserves, which would severely threaten U.S. oil supplies.
- 3. The Persian Gulf War • US organized an international coalition and launched Operation Desert Storm • Jan 16, 1991- US and Allies staged a massive air assault against Iraq. • February 23, they launched a ground offensive from Saudi Arabia. • On February 28, 1991, President Bush announced a cease-fire. • Operation Desert Storm was over. Kuwait was liberated.
- 4. The Challenger- Jan 28, 1986 • The “Teacher in Space” mission • First civilian in space Christa McAuliffe • 73 seconds after, shuttle exploded • Seven crew members lost their lives.
- 6. Exxon Valdez Oil Spill-1989 • Happened in Prince William Sound, Alaska • Oil tanker spilled 11 million gallons of crude oil • One of the most manmade devastating environmental disaster
- 7. • Happened in Prince William Sound, Alaska • Oil tanker spilled 11 million gallons of crude oil • One of the most manmade devastating environmental disaster
- 8. Cleanup operations included skimming oil from the water surface with towed booms. Two boats are towing the boom. Oil is collecting within in the boom, and a small skimmer at the apex of the boom is removing the oil from the water surface. The skimmed oil is being pumped through a hose into the barge that is following the skimmer. • Happened in Prince William Sound, Alaska • Oil tanker spilled 11 million gallons of crude oil • One of the most manmade devastating environmental disaster
- 9. As the spilled oil moved across the waters of Prince William Sound, responders tried to protect especially sensitive location, such as this salmon hatchery in the western South, which they surrounded with protective boom. Boom floats on the water surface and is designed to act as a barrier to oil • Happened in Prince William Sound, Alaska • Oil tanker spilled 11 million gallons of crude oil • One of the most manmade devastating environmental disaster
- 11. In 1989, hoses spraying seawater were used to flush oil from shorelines. The released oil was then trapped with offshore boom, and removed using skimmers, vacuum trucks (useful for thick layers of oil) and boom (sorbent, snare, pompoms). For hard to reach areas, or locations with weathered oil, heated seawater was used to flush oil from the shoreline. Workers using high-pressure, hot-water washing to clean an oiled shoreline. In this treatment method, used on many prince William Sound beaches, oil is hosed from beaches, collected within floating boom, then skimmed from the water surface. Other common treatment methods included cold water flushing of beaches, manual beach cleaning
- 13. Bags of cleanup debris deposited in a landfill --- Oregon State
- 15. Steve Jobs • Personal computers • First fully assemble Apple computers
- 16. The World Wide Web • 1989, British software Tim Berners-Lee created an open computer network for research purposes which became the template for the Internet • Public did not participate in the Web until mid 90s when companies like Netscape and AOL made browsers
- 17. • On January 20, 1993, poet Maya Angelou was honored as the first woman and the first African American to read her work at a presidential inauguration. Bill Clinton asked Angelou to compose and deliver a poem. Angelou expressed the optimism of the day, recalling the dream of Martin Luther King, Jr., as she recited her poem “On the Pulse of Morning.”
- 18. William Jefferson Clinton- 42nd President – 1993- 2001
- 19. • Janet Reno becomes – First female Attorney General (1993) • Madeleine Albright – First female secretary (1997)
- 20. Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell” • President Clinton announces an “honorable compromise” in the debate surrounding the participation of gay service members in the military. • It was determined that these individuals would be allowed to serve, but could face military investigations if they acknowledged their orientation, as well as be expelled for it.
- 21. Somalia Famine • American troops land in Somalia as part of the UN-sponsored • “Operation Restore Hope.” • The humanitarian mission's first goal was to ensure the distribution of food and medical aid and supplies to suffering Somalis. • Somalia had been wracked by starvation, drought, and violence.
- 22. David Koresh- Waco Tragedy- 1993 • Religious cult •He was easygoing. •He was handsome. •He was aggressive. •He was charismatic. •He had the flamboyance of a rock star •He called himself Messiah.
- 23. David Koresh- Waco Tragedy • Koresh was teaching his followers about martyrdom. At the same time he stockpiled food and collecting guns to defend himself against attacks, whether from defectors or government agents • A UPS driver tipped off the ATF when a package for the compound broke open to reveal hand grenades. While the group did earn money from gun sales and were legally allowed to trade in arms, it appeared that they weren’t following protocol.
- 24. • The FBI and ATF decided to pump Tear Gas into the compound buildings in canisters. • It burned the mouth, eyes, skin, and lungs to the point that any reasonable person would accept a way to escape it. They were wrong. The tanks caught fire and Koresh refused to leave – and his followers • By the end of that shocking day, 80 people were found dead, 23 of them children under 17. • Koresh had fathered 14 of them. His body was later identified by dental records. He'd been shot in the head. • Many of the victims had died from gunshot wounds and one child had been stabbed to death. Over 100 firearms were eventually recovered from the scene, and 400,000 rounds of ammunition.
- 25. Apartheid • its all-white government enforcing existing policies of racial segregation under a system of legislation in South Africa
- 27. Nelson Mandela • Revolutionary political leader • Served 27 years in prison fighting for democracy • First Black president in South Africa (1994)
- 28. Rwanda Genocide 1994 In just 100 days, about 800,000 people were slaughtered in Rwanda by ethnic Hutu extremists. They were targeting members of the minority Tutsi community, as well as their political opponents, irrespective of their ethnic origin. The well-organized RPF, backed by Uganda's army, gradually seized more territory Some two million Hutus - both civilians and some of those involved in the genocide - then fled across the border into the Congo, at the time called Zaire, fearing revenge attacks. Others went to neighbouring Tanzania and Burundi. About 85% of Rwandans are Hutus but the Tutsi minority has long dominated the country. In 1959, the Hutus overthrew the Tutsi monarchy and tens of thousands of Tutsis fled to neighbouring countries
- 30. • For a decade until 2012, 12,000 gacaca courts met once a week in villages across the country , often outdoors in a marketplace or under a tree, trying more than 1.2 million cases. • Their aim was to achieve truth, justice and reconciliation among Rwandans as "gacaca" means to sit down and discuss an issue. • President Kagame has been hailed for transforming the tiny, devastated country he took over through policies which encouraged rapid economic growth. He has also tried to turn Rwanda into a technological hub and is very active on Twitter.
- 31. NAFTA • North American Free Trade Agreement • Canada, Mexico, and the United States trade partnership – eliminated tariffs on products traded between the three countries. – Liberalization of trade in agriculture, textiles, and automobile manufacturing • Supporters claim it will create more American jobs. • Opponents insisted it would transfer American jobs to Mexico, where wages were lower,
- 32. • Newt Gingrich – Chosen as the new Speaker of the House • Wrote Contract with America— – involved cutting taxes, – reducing the size of government and regulations, – Congress to be more transparent, less corrupt and more open with the public • Voters gave Republicans control of both houses of Congress for the first time since 1954.
- 33. Oklahoma City bombing 1995 • Blast that destroyed federal office building in killing 168 children, women, and men. • Timothy McVeigh, an American veteran of the Gulf War, was found guilty in the Oklahoma bombing. • He was executed in 2001, the first use of the federal death penalty in 38 years.
- 34. • Blast that destroyed federal office building in killing 168 children, women, and men. • Timothy McVeigh, an American veteran of the Gulf War, was found guilty in the Oklahoma bombing. • He was executed in 2001, the first use of the federal death penalty in 38 years.
- 38. Columbine High Massacre 1999 • Two teens went on a shooting spree on killing 13 people and wounding more than 20 others before turning their guns on themselves and committing suicide. Eric Harris Dylan Klebold
- 39. Columbine High Massacre 1999 • Two teens went on a shooting spree on killing 13 people and wounding more than 20 others before turning their guns on themselves and committing suicide.
- 40. • Two teens went on a shooting spree on killing 13 people and wounding more than 20 others before turning their guns on themselves and committing suicide.
- 41. • Two teens went on a shooting spree on killing 13 people and wounding more than 20 others before turning their guns on themselves and committing suicide.
- 42. • Two teens went on a shooting spree on killing 13 people and wounding more than 20 others before turning their guns on themselves and committing suicide.
- 43. 3 students in “smoker’s pit” shot 5 students on grass next to school shot 2 killed at close range outside cafeteria 1 killed on stairs Overheard by witness:“This is what we always wanted to do.This is awesome!”
- 47. Rachel Joy Scott
- 48. Impeachment • Allegedly lied under oath about having improper relationship with White House intern (Monica Lewinsky) • Charged with: – Perjury – Obstruction of justice • Found not guilty
- 49. She wants her stained dress back and have no intention of selling it
- 51. Heaven’s Gate
- 52. • religious group led by Marshall Applewhite • convinced 38 followers to commit suicide so that their souls could take a ride on a spaceship believed was hiding behind the comet (Halle Bopp) • believed that the planet Earth was about to be recycled (wiped clean, refurbished and rejuvenated), and that the only chance to survive was to leave it immediately
- 54. Al-Qaeda • terrorist network based in the Middle East. • seeks to create their ideal “Islamic world” through the use of violence. • funded by Osama Bin Ladin.
- 55. • Terrorist hijacked 4 airplanes – Two crashed into the World Trade Center in NYC
- 56. • Terrorist hijacked 4 airplanes – Two crashed into the World Trade Center in NYC
- 59. – Another in Pentagon – Fourth plane intended to hit the White House but crashed in rural Pennsylvania
- 60. – Another in Pentagon – Fourth plane intended to hit the White House but crashed in rural Pennsylvania
Editor's Notes
- seven astronauts aboard, including Christa McAuliffe, a teacher from New Hampshire who would have been the first civilian in space. It was later determined that two rubber O-rings, which had been designed to seal the sections of the rocket booster, had failed due to cold temperatures on the morning of the launch. The tragedy and its aftermath received extensive media coverage and prompted NASA to temporarily suspend all shuttle missions. The failure was caused by the failure of O-ring seals used in the joint that were not designed to handle the unusually cold conditions that existed at this launch. The seals' failure caused a breach in the SRB joint, allowing pressurized burning gas from within the solid rocket motor to reach the outside and impinge upon the adjacent SRB aft field joint attachment hardware and external fuel tank. This led to the separation of the right-hand SRB's aft field joint attachment and the structural failure of the external tank. Aerodynamic forces broke up the orbiter.
- The Exxon Valdez oil spill was a manmade disaster that occurred when Exxon Valdez, an oil tanker owned by the Exxon Shipping Company, spilled 11 million gallons of crude oil into Alaska’s Prince William Sound on March 24, 1989. It was the worst oil spill in U.S. history until the Deepwater Horizon oil spill in 2010. The Exxon Valdez oil slick covered 1,300 miles of coastline and killed hundreds of thousands of seabirds, otters, seals and whales. Nearly 30 years later, pockets of crude oil remain in some locations. After the spill, Exxon Valdez returned to service under a different name, operating for more than two decades as an oil tanker and ore carrier.
- On the evening of March 23, 1989, Exxon Valdez left the port of Valdez, Alaska, bound for Long Beach, California, with 53 million gallons of Prudhoe Bay crude oil onboard. At four minutes after midnight on March 24, the ship struck Bligh Reef, a well-known navigation hazard in Alaska’s Prince William Sound. The impact of the collision tore open the ship’s hull, causing some 11 million gallons of crude oil to spill into the water. At the time, it was the largest single oil spill in U.S. waters. Initial attempts to contain the oil failed, and in the months that followed, the oil slick spread, eventually covering about 1,300 miles of coastline. Investigators later learned that Joseph Hazelwood, the captain of Exxon Valdez, had been drinking at the time and had allowed an unlicensed third mate to steer the massive ship.
- Converted vessels and barges were used for beach washing operations. It would take several days to outfit a conventional barge with the equipment needed to heat and pump the water. Smaller vessels that were used for beach washing early in the spill were re-outfitted for bioremediation later in the response. Along with the large-scale beach washing, manual cleanup, raking and tilling the beaches, oily debris pickup, enhanced bioremediation and spot washing were used to cleanup the oil. In some locations, oil was thick enough to be picked up with shovels and buckets. In addition, mechanical methods were used on a few sites, including the use of bulldozers to relocate or remove the contaminated beach surfaces. Mechanical rock washing machines, which were manufactured for the spill, were not used to clean contaminated rocks and return them to the beach.
- In the months after the Exxon Valdez oil spill, Exxon employees, federal responders and more than 11,000 Alaska residents worked to clean up the oil spill. Exxon payed about $2 billion in cleanup costs and $1.8 billion for habitat restoration and personal damages related to the spill. Cleanup workers skimmed oil from the water’s surface, sprayed oil dispersant chemicals in the water and on shore, washed oiled beaches with hot water and rescued and cleaned animals trapped in oil. Environmental officials purposefully left some areas of shoreline untreated so they could study the effect of cleanup measures, some of which were unproven at the time. They later found that aggressive washing with high-pressure, hot water hoses was effective in removing oil, but did even more ecological damage by killing the remaining plants and animals in the process.
- Arkansas became the first member of the baby-boom generation to win the presidency. He captured the White House, at the age of 46, by vowing to strengthen the nation’s weak economy and to lead the Democratic Party in a more moderate direction.
- Somalia – 1993 Bush had sent troops to help the UN distribute food to victims of the civil war. UN forces also worked to end the fighting. After 19 Americans died, the mission lost public support and Clinton withdrew the remaining soldiers in March 1994 Stopped U.S. from sending help to Rwanda.
- as the siege of a compound belonging to the Branch Davidians, carried out by American federal and Texasstate law enforcement, as well as the U.S. military, between February 28 and April 19, 1993.[4] The Branch Davidians were led by David Koresh and were headquartered at Mount Carmel Center ranch in the community of Axtell, Texas,[5][6][7] 13 miles (21 kilometers) east-northeast of Waco. Suspecting the group of stockpiling illegal weapons, the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms (ATF) obtained a search warrant for the compound and arrest warrants for Koresh and a select few of the group's members.
- A UPS driver tipped off the ATF when a package for the compound Broke open to reveal hand grenades. While the group did earn money from gun sales and were legally allowed to trade in arms, it appeared that they weren’t following protocol. By 1992, Koresh was teaching his followers about martyrdom. At the same time he stockpiled food and collecting guns to defend himself against attacks, whether from defectors or government agents. There is no evidence that the Branch Davidians were actually using the guns they were selling, they clearly had a siege mentality. The cult managed to acquire enough instant storable meals to last a year, if the need arose. According to defectors, Koresh demanded to know from members of his group how far they were willing to go to defend HIS religion. The only way to serve GOD was to be willing to die. He even taught the children that suicide might one day be required and showed them how to do it with cyanide or a gun.
- Neighbours killed neighbours and some husbands even killed their Tutsi wives, saying they would be killed if they refused. At the time, ID cards had people's ethnic group on them, so militias set up roadblocks where Tutsis were slaughtered, often with machetes which most Rwandans kept around the house. On the night of 6 April 1994 a plane carrying then-President Juvenal Habyarimana, and his counterpart Cyprien Ntaryamira of Burundi - both Hutus - was shot down, killing everyone on board. Hutu extremists blamed the RPF and immediately started a well-organised campaign of slaughter. The RPF said the plane had been shot down by Hutus to provide an excuse for the genocide. With meticulous organisation. Lists of government opponents were handed out to militias who went and killed them, along with all of their families. Neighbours killed neighbours and some husbands even killed their Tutsi wives, saying they would be killed if they refused. At the time, ID cards had people's ethnic group on them, so militias set up roadblocks where Tutsis were slaughtered, often with machetes which most Rwandans kept around the house.
- The UN and Belgium had forces in Rwanda but the UN mission was not given a mandate to stop the killing. The well-organised RPF, backed by Uganda's army, gradually seized more territory, until 4 July 1994, when its forces marched into the capital, Kigali. The International Criminal Court was set up in 2002, long after the Rwandan genocide so could not put on trial those responsible. Instead, the UN Security Council established the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda in the Tanzanian town of Arusha to prosecute the ringleaders. A total of 93 people were indicted and after lengthy and expensive trials, dozens of senior officials in the former regime were convicted of genocide - all of them Hutus. Within Rwanda, community courts, known as gacaca, were created to speed up the prosecution of hundreds of thousands of genocide suspects awaiting trial. Correspondents say up to 10,000 people died in prison before they could be brought to justice.
- ABOARD AIR FORCE ONE — President Donald Trump said Saturday he intends to formally notify Canada and Mexico of his intention to withdraw from the nearly 25-year-old North American Free Trade Agreement in six months. The move would put pressure on Congress to approve his new trade deal with the two U.S. neighbors. "I’ll be terminating it within a relatively short period of time. We get rid of NAFTA. It’s been a disaster for the United States," Trump said on board Air Force One after departing Buenos Aires, where he signed the U.S.-Mexico-Canada Agreement with the leaders of those two countries.
- 1995 blast that destroyed a nine-story federal office building in Oklahoma City, killing 168 children, women, and men. Timothy McVeigh, an American veteran of the Gulf War, was found guilty in the Oklahoma bombing. He was executed in 2001, the first use of the federal death penalty in 38 years. Although American embassies and military targets abroad were subject to sporadic and deadly terrorist attacks during the decade, the U.S. was in no way prepared for a devastating attack that took place on its own soil on the morning of September 11, 2001.
- was a school shooting that occurred on April 20, 1999, at Columbine High School in Columbine, Colorado, United States.[1][2][n 1] The perpetrators, twelfth grade (senior) students Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold, murdered12 students and one teacher. Ten students were killed in the library, where the pair subsequently committed suicide. At the time, it was the deadliest shooting at a high school in United States history. The crime has inspired several copycats, and "Columbine" has become a byword for a school shooting. The two perpetrators injured 21 additional people with gunshots and also exchanged gunfire with the police. Another three people were injured trying to escape the school. In addition to the shootings, the attack involved several homemade bombs. The largest of these were placed in the cafeteria; car bombs were also placed in the parking lot and at another location that was intended to divert first responders.
- 11:21 First sheriff’s deputy dispatched 11:24 Teacher sees them in hallway, think they’re filming a class video; she’s shot at –runs to the library and calls 911 11:26 Teacher is shot, dragged into a science classroom (bleeds to death) 11:29 Shoot student, shoot out windows at assembling police
- The police were slow to enter the school and were heavily criticized for not intervening during the shooting. The incident resulted in the introduction of the Immediate Action Rapid Deployment tactic, which is used in situations where an active shooter is trying to kill people rather than take hostages. Columbine also resulted in an increased emphasis on school security with zero tolerance policies. Debates were sparked over gun control laws and gun culture, high school cliques, subcultures, and bullying. Also discussed were the moral panic over goths, social outcasts, the use of pharmaceutical antidepressants by teenagers, teenage Internet use and violence in video games.
- When new evidence was discovered, Clinton changed tactics and admitted that an improper relationship with Lewinsky had taken place. , he apologized to the nation, agreed to pay a $25,000 court fine, settled his sexual harassment lawsuit with Paula Jones for $850,000 and was disbarred for five years. He was not tried for perjury in a court. He did admit to "testifying falsely" as part of a deal to avoid indictment for perjury.
- Heaven's Gate was the name of a San Diego based American religious group led by Marshall Applewhite and Bonnie Nettles. The group's end coincided with the appearance of Comet Hale-Bopp in 1997. Applewhite convinced thirty-eight followers to commit suicide so that their souls could take a ride on a spaceship that they believed was hiding behind the comet. Such beliefs have led some observers to characterize the group as a type of "UFO religion"[1] They believed that the planet Earth was about to be recycled (wiped clean, refurbished and rejuvenated), and that the only chance to survive was to leave it immediately.[2] The group was formally against suicide, but they defined "suicide" to mean "to turn against the Next Level when it is being offered."[3] They were convinced that their "human" bodies were only vessels meant to help them on their journey. Applewhite, the group's leader, were found dead in a rented mansion in the upscale San Diego community of Rancho Santa Fe, California, on March 26, 1997. Two former members of Heaven's Gate, Wayne Cooke and Charlie Humphreys, died in copycat suicides. Humphreys had survived a suicide pact with Cooke in May 1997, but successfully committed suicide in February 1998.[5][6] The mass death of the Heaven's Gate group was widely publicised in the media as an example of cult suicide.[7] In preparing to kill themselves, members of the group drank citrus juices to ritually cleanse their bodies of impurities. The suicide was accomplished by ingestion of phenobarbital mixed with vodka, along with plastic bags secured around their heads to induce asphyxiation. They were found lying neatly in their own bunk beds, with their faces and torsos covered by a square, purple cloth. Each member carried a five dollar bill and three quarters in their pockets. All 39 were dressed in identical black shirts and sweat pants, brand new black-and-white Nike "Cortez" athletic shoes, and armband patches reading "Heaven's Gate Away Team." The suicides were conducted in shifts, and the remaining members of the group cleaned up after each prior group's death