1. • People who were bound to land of a
lord and who could not lawfully leave
the place where they were born
• A church tax paid to the village priest
• A landowner who granted land in
exchange for military protection and
other services
• Mounted horsemen who pledged to
defend their lords’ lands in exchange for
their own land
• Land granted by a landowner
• A lord’s estate
• The person receiving land from a
landowner
• A Germanic people sometimes referred
to as Northmen or Norsemen
• Mock battles in which knights
participated to gain experience
• A code of ideals that required knights to
be loyal and brave
Lord
Fief
Manor
Tournaments
Tithe
Chivalry
Vassal
Vikings
Serfs
Knights
3. • Show a video clip from youtube (the young Pope – HBO- jude law)
• Sistine chapel episode
• To show the exaggerated power a pope can hold
4. The Power of the Church
• Pope St. Gelasius
Pope held a Spiritual
Sword
- Pope should bow to the
King in political matter
King held a Political
Sword
- King should bow to the
Pope in religious matter
5. • Bonded people together
• Stable force
• Gave sense of security and
belonging
• Administered sacraments
• Religious ceremonies
(baptism, marriage,
death rites)
6. • Provided unifying set of
beliefs
• Punishments
•Excommunication
(banishment from the
Church)
•Interdict (sacraments
and religious services
will not be performed)
Church law = canon law
8. Church v. King
• King Otto I (the Great)
(Germany)- 936
• Close ties with Church
• Pope crowned him Emperor
• Led to Holy Roman Empire
•Resentments:
• German Kings power grew
• practice of lay investiture
(ceremony where kings
and nobles can appoint
church officials)
Not only do I want to say
who is to be ordained, I also
want to give the newly
ordained bishop his hat,
ring , and staff. That way it
will look like I am giving
him his spiritual authority
9. • 1075- Pope Gregory VII
banned investiture
• Decree future popes chosen by
cardinals (leading bishops)
• King Henry IV with appointed
Bishop ordered Pope to step
down
All lay investiture are banned.
Kings have no more power to
appoint church officials. That
power belongs to us..The
Church.
What?!! Who do you think you
are? Just because you’re the
Pope? I’m going to appoint
several bishops and we will fire
you!!!!
Oh Yeah?!!!Who do you think
you are? You are just a king!! I
am the POPE ordained by God
Himself! You are
EXCOMMUNICATED!!!!!
• Pope Gregory
excommunicated Henry IV
• German bishops and priests
sided with the Pope
11. I can’t believe I’m
doing this! Me, the
KING of the Holy
Roman Empire!
1077 – Henry IV crossed the
snowy Alps to Canosa (Italy)
12.
13. Guten Tag! Your holiness,
I come bearing
gifts….and absolution! I
am on my knees begging
for your forgiveness for
my insolence.
Hmmmm…Let me think
about it…Wait there
while I consult the
Father God.
Asked for forgiveness
14. There, having laid aside all the belongings of royalty, wretchedly, with bare feet and clad in wool, he
(Henry IV) continued for three days to stand before the gate of he castle. Nor did he desist from
imploring with many tears the aid and consolation of the apostolic mercy until he had moved all of
those who were present there.
- Pope Gregory
15. Concordat of Worms
• Concordat (agreement or
treaty)
• 1122- compromise
between King and Pope
• Church alone can
appoint bishop
• Emperor can veto
appointment
16. • Frederick I (“Barbarosa”) -
1152
• Declared his land the Holy
Roman Empire (Germany)
• When he leaves-
disorder in territories
• He constantly invade
rich Italy cities
• Angered Pope and
united with merchants
(Lombard League)
I declare Germany as
the Holy Roman
Empire!
If you do not stop
looting my
cities…you will
REGRET it!!!
17. • 1176 – Battle of Legnano
• Foot soldiers (Italy ) v.
knights (Germany)
• Foot soldier won
• Frederick made peace
with Pope and when he
dies , Empire fell apart
• Two main problem unable
to revive empire
• Clashes with Pope
(Church)
• Electing King weakened
Royal authority
Editor's Notes
King Alber II of Belgium bowing to Pope Pontifus Maximus - 2009
Pope bow to Queen Raina - 2013
Explain how is this a powerful weapon for the Pope?
Otto I
Limit nobles power
Obtain help from clergy
Gain support of bishops, abbots, monasteries
Dominated Church in Germany
Invaded Italy on Pope’s behalf
Pope obligated to forgive sinner but made Henry wait in the snow for 3 days
Pope humiliated Henry
Henry went back home and punished rebellious nobles
The Concordat of Worms (Latin: Concordatum Wormatiense), sometimes called the Pactum Calixtinum by papal historians, was an agreement between Pope Callixtus II and Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor on September 23, 1122, near the city of Worms.
Concordat: an agreement or treaty, especially one between the Vatican and a secular government relating to matters of mutual interest.
Painting: Pope Gregory XI returned Catholic Church headquarter to Rome
