2. The Age of Faith
• France (910)
• Problems:
• Some priests were illiterate
• Questionable morals
• Some married and had families
• Bishops sold their position (simony)
• Practice lay investiture
• Pope Leo IX and Gregory VII
banned simony and marriages
• 1100-1200- developed Canon Law
(law of the Church)
3. NewReligiousOrder
• Wandering friars- spreadChurch ideas
• Vows chastity, poverty, obedience (similar to
monk)
• Unlike monk (live in monasteries), friars
preachedto the poor, ownednothing lived
by begging
• Dominic(Spanish priest)- founded
Dominicans
• Emphasizedimportanceof study (many
became scholars)
• Francis of Assisi (Italian)- founded
Franciscans
• Treatedall creatures(and animals) spiritual
brothersand sisters
7. Cathedrals
• Viewed as representation of the City of
God
• Romanesque
• Round arches, heavyroof,thick walls,
pillars, tinywindows
• Gothic
• Thrust towardsheaven
• Hugestainedwindows, sculpture,wood
carvings
• Inspire worshiper withmagnificence of
God
21. • 1093
Hey Robert, do you think
you can help us out over
here at Constantinople,
Muslims Turks are
attacking us!
Emperor Alexius Comnenus
bert, Count of Flanders
Well….hmmm..Ok…what’s
in it for me and my
people?
Come then, with all your
people and give battle with
all your strength, so that all
this treasure shall not fall
into the hands of the Turks…
…act while there is still
time lest the kingdom of
the Christians shall vanish
from your sight…
..most important, the Holy
Sepulcher (tomb where Jesus
was buried) shall vanish. And
in your coming you will find
your reward in heaven, and if
you do not come, God will
condemn you
..well..since you put it that
way…Hell or Heaven…
saving God’s place…we’ll
be there! Let me go run
and tell the Pope.
22. Pope Urban II
• After hearing about Emperor’s
Request:
• Popeissueda call for a “Holy War”
or “Crusade”
• To gaincontrol of the HolyLand(will
last 300 years)
23. Pope issueda call for a “Holy War” or
“Crusade”
To gain control of the Holy Land (will
last 300 years)
24.
25. Goal of Crusade
• Religious
• ReclaimJerusalem(Israelor Palestine) and
uniteChristians
• ReunitedEast and WestEmpire
• Economic
• Merchantsprofitedby fundingthejourney
• Knights claimtreasurers
• Social
• Younger sonsjoinedas a means to acquire
land
• Political
• Stopknightsfromfighting each otherand
unitedagainst commonissue
26.
27.
28. The Crusades
1st Crusade
Date: 1097
Description: Most were ill prepared for war; many
knew nothing about geography, climate, culture
of Holy Land; NO strategy to capture Jerusalem;
Results: Captured Edessa; carved the city into
four territories;
1144 re-conquered by Muslim led by Saladin
Causes:
1. Reclaim Holy Land and reunite Christian
Effects:
1. Trade increased
2. Decreased power of Popes
3. Increase power of the Kings
3rd Crusade
4th
Crusade
Children Crusades
34. Goal of Crusade
• Religious
• ReclaimJerusalem(Israelor Palestine) and
uniteChristians
• ReunitedEast and WestEmpire
• Economic
• Merchantsprofitedby fundingthejourney
• Knights claimtreasurers
• Social
• Younger sonsjoinedas a means to acquire
land
• Political
• Stopknightsfromfighting each otherand
unitedagainst commonissue
Pope Urban II plea for knights to reclaim the Holy Land
Emperor Hadrian applied the term Palestine to the Land of Israel. Hadrian, like many dictators since his time realized the propaganda power of terms and symbols. He replaced the shrines of the Jewish Temple and the Sepulchre of Christ in Jerusalem with temples to pagan deities. He changed the name of Jerusalem to Aelia Capitalina, and changed the name of Israel and Judea to Palestine. Hadrian’s selection of Palestine was purposeful, not accidental. He took the name of the ancient enemies of Israel, the Philistines, Latinized it to Palestine, and applied it to the Land of Israel. He hoped to erase the name Israel from all memory. Thus, the term Palestine as applied to the Land of Israel was invented by the inveterate enemy of the Bible and the Jewish people, Emperor Hadrian.
Emperor Hadrian applied the term Palestine to the Land of Israel. Hadrian, like many dictators since his time realized the propaganda power of terms and symbols. He replaced the shrines of the Jewish Temple and the Sepulchre of Christ in Jerusalem with temples to pagan deities. He changed the name of Jerusalem to Aelia Capitalina, and changed the name of Israel and Judea to Palestine. Hadrian’s selection of Palestine was purposeful, not accidental. He took the name of the ancient enemies of Israel, the Philistines, Latinized it to Palestine, and applied it to the Land of Israel. He hoped to erase the name Israel from all memory. Thus, the term Palestine as applied to the Land of Israel was invented by the inveterate enemy of the Bible and the Jewish people, Emperor Hadrian.
