This document explores Anderson's Cognitive Algebra Theory, which provides a framework for understanding social cognition. The theory proposes that people use mental operations like addition, subtraction, and multiplication to process social information in flexible ways. For example, addition involves combining information to form impressions, while subtraction removes irrelevant information. Multiplication combines different types of information. The theory has been applied to domains like person perception and decision-making, but has limitations like not accounting for individual differences. Further research could explore topics like the role of context and emotions in social information processing.
Intellectual development (Piagetian, Psychometric, and Classical Approach)reneegomez
I was assigned to report about the Intellectual Development of children. I discussed about 3 different approaches in learning. The Piagetian which is from Jean Piaget, Psychometric which talks about the measurement of intelligence, and the Classical Approach from Ivan Pavlov. I hope that this slide will be useful to you.
Social Learning Theory An Overview and Application in Understanding Human Beh...ijtsrd
This research paper provides an in depth examination of the Social Learning Theory SLT , a prominent psychological perspective that explains how individuals learn behaviours and attitudes through observation, imitation, and reinforcement. Developed by Albert Bandura, the SLT highlights the crucial role of social interactions, modelling, and cognitive processes in shaping human behaviour. This paper explores the theoretical foundations of the SLT, its core principles, and its relevance in various domains, including education, criminal justice, and marketing. By analysing empirical studies and real world applications, this research paper showcases the significance of the SLT in understanding human behaviour and fostering positive behavioural changes. Md Abdul Aziz Mandal "Social Learning Theory: An Overview and Application in Understanding Human Behaviour" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-5 , October 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd59886.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/59886/social-learning-theory-an-overview-and-application-in-understanding-human-behaviour/md-abdul-aziz-mandal
Social cognitive theory in mass communication - Prepared by Fiza Zia Ul HannanDr. Fiza Zia Ul Hannan
This theory refers to the cognitive capability to learn and adopt new knowledge in ways a human mind has not comprehended before. Its philosophical description deals with understanding of the psycho-social mechanisms, which affect human thought and action.
Intellectual development (Piagetian, Psychometric, and Classical Approach)reneegomez
I was assigned to report about the Intellectual Development of children. I discussed about 3 different approaches in learning. The Piagetian which is from Jean Piaget, Psychometric which talks about the measurement of intelligence, and the Classical Approach from Ivan Pavlov. I hope that this slide will be useful to you.
Social Learning Theory An Overview and Application in Understanding Human Beh...ijtsrd
This research paper provides an in depth examination of the Social Learning Theory SLT , a prominent psychological perspective that explains how individuals learn behaviours and attitudes through observation, imitation, and reinforcement. Developed by Albert Bandura, the SLT highlights the crucial role of social interactions, modelling, and cognitive processes in shaping human behaviour. This paper explores the theoretical foundations of the SLT, its core principles, and its relevance in various domains, including education, criminal justice, and marketing. By analysing empirical studies and real world applications, this research paper showcases the significance of the SLT in understanding human behaviour and fostering positive behavioural changes. Md Abdul Aziz Mandal "Social Learning Theory: An Overview and Application in Understanding Human Behaviour" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-5 , October 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd59886.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/59886/social-learning-theory-an-overview-and-application-in-understanding-human-behaviour/md-abdul-aziz-mandal
Social cognitive theory in mass communication - Prepared by Fiza Zia Ul HannanDr. Fiza Zia Ul Hannan
This theory refers to the cognitive capability to learn and adopt new knowledge in ways a human mind has not comprehended before. Its philosophical description deals with understanding of the psycho-social mechanisms, which affect human thought and action.
The relationship between social intelligence and emotional intelligence: a ...Rula alsawalqa
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and more general than it.
social psychology research papers in London.pptxkellysmith617941
Popular scientific research on human emotions, ideas, beliefs, intentions, sentiments, and aspirations is called social psychology. Studying leadership, social pressure, nonverbal communication, obedience, persuasion, and the bystander effect are among the subjects required of students who elect this course.
social psychology research papers in London, UK.pdfkellysmith617941
Popular scientific research on human emotions, ideas, beliefs, intentions, sentiments, and aspirations is called social psychology. Studying leadership, social pressure, nonverbal communication, obedience, persuasion, and the bystander effect are among the subjects required of students who elect this course.
Social cognition is a sub-topic of social psychology that focuses on how people process, store, and apply information about other people and social situations.
It focuses on the role that cognitive processes play in our social interactions.
The way we think about others plays a major role in how we think, feel, and interact with the world around us.
The fundamental difference between Man and animal is Rationality with which Intelligence Quotient (IQ) deals
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deals. Thus IQ and EQ are human specific qualities. Both are reflected in man’s social behavior and interactions with which
Social Intelligence (SQ) deals. Present paper aims at examining whether these three typically human faculties are
independent or are inter-correlated. Three questionnaires measuring IQ, EQ and SQ respectively were given to 60 college
students, including males and females. Pearson and Partial Correlations were calculated through SPSS 15.0. The results
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significant. This implies that IQ is independent faculty but EQ and SQ are correlated.
Behaviorism and Social Cognitive Theory2Assessme.docxAASTHA76
Behaviorism and Social Cognitive Theory 2
Assessment 1: Behaviorism and Social Cognitive Theory- Gisela
PSY-FP7411
Capella University
Professor Tara James-Lamonica
Ashley Moore
6/5/18
Case Study
Gisela is a 6-year-old girl who has begged her family for a pet dog for years. Her parents claim that she has been drawn to them since she was a baby, but they just haven’t had the time for a puppy, yet everyone in their neighborhood seems to have one. A few months ago, while she was walking the two blocks to school all by herself, a beautiful looking dog was in a yard along her path. Delighted, she opened their gate and rushed to the dog while squealing with delight. Suddenly the dog jumped on her and knocked her down, giving her a growl and snapping his teeth at her. The dog continued to bark at her until the owner came out from the house and discovered a shaking, sobbing child who had wet herself in terror. She was unable to tell the man her name or where she lived, and it was an hour until police arrived to assist.
Gisela’s parents share that now, several months later, they have a big problem. At first, Gisela seemed to only be afraid of that one brown dog, but now she has become afraid of just about anything related to dogs. Gisela is too afraid to walk to school even with her parents, she is afraid there will be a dog around every corner, she notices dog barks “from really far away”, she is afraid of sirens, and won’t go to parades. She has wetting accidents almost every day when she did not before. Ironically, she is still begging for one of her own, and while they are now considering a family dog, they are hesitating given Gisela’s situation.
Behaviorism
The Behaviorist Theory was developed as an alternative orientation toward studying and explaining a person’s conscious experience and originally rejected both the tenets of mentalism. Mentalism was focused on the study of mind, applying the method of introspection. In Watson's classical approach on the Behaviorist Theory, it was conveyed as an objective experimental branch of natural science whose goal was the prediction and control of behavior, whose boundaries acknowledged no dividing line between humans and animals, and his approach rejected perceptions such as mind, consciousness, and introspection (Roeckelein, 2006).
The Formal Behaviorist Theory was influenced by logical positivism, where propositions in science need to be verified by empirical and observable evidence. This approach attempted to explain behavior in terms that consisted of operational definitions of concepts, processes, and events both directly observed and unobserved. The logical behaviorism of the American psychologist Clark Leonard Hull (1884-1952), was formulated in terms of a hypothetico-deductive learning theory and it was the most systematized theory of the formal behaviorists. Another variation of the formal behaviorist theories was the American psychologist Edward Chace Tolman's (1886-1959) purposi ...
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
Indigenous Psychology: Incorporating “Culture” in Psychology ResearchHora Tjitra
Executive Summary based on the paper “Indigenous, cultural, and cross-cultural psychology: A theoretical, conceptual, and epistemological analysis” ( Uichol Kim, 2000).
Explaining the different perspective in culture-oriented research in psychology.
Social Cognitive Theory
*
Originator
Albert Bandura, Ph.D. Bandura obtained his Ph.D. from the University of Iowa in 1952. In 1953, Bandura was offered a position at Stanford University.
*
Approximate Year of Origin
The Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) stemmed from the Social Learning Theory (SLT), which has a rich historical background dating back to the late 1800's. Albert Bandura first began publishing his work on SLT in the early 1960's. In 1986, Bandura officially launched the SCT with his book Social Foundations of Thought and Action: A Social Cognitive Theory.
*
Circumstances that led to the development of the Theory
The SCT has its origins in the discipline of psychology, with its early foundation being laid by behavioral and social psychologists. The SLT evolved under the umbrella of behaviorism, which is a cluster of psychological theories intended to explain why people and animals behave the way that they do.
*
Behaviorism
Behaviorism, introduced by John Watson in 1913, took an extremely mechanistic approach to understanding human behavior. According to Watson, behavior could be explained in terms of observable acts that could be described by stimulus-response sequences (Crosbie-Brunett and Lewis, 1993; Thomas, 1990). Also central to behaviorist study was the notion that contiguity between stimulus and response determined the likelihood that learning would occur.
*
Stimulus-response pathwayAre there some mediating factors between stimulus and response that regulate behavior? rewards or punishmentsFeedback Habit Freud's instinctTolman's cognitions
*
The ‘Social Self'
William James in 1890, whose notion of the 'social self' laid the foundation for the modern SLT tenet of the interaction between personal factors and the environment.
Kurt Lewin (1890-1947), who extended Gestaltist's field theory by initiating a shift in psychology from a focus on the individual to a focus on processes between individuals
*
Adler
Alfred Adler (1870-1937) posited that a person's behavior is purposeful and motivated by a pursuit of goals.
the importance of one's perception of, and attitude toward, the environment as significant influences on behavior.
*
Tolman: Cognitions
In the 1930's, unobservable variables (or cognitions) played a mediating role between stimulus and response introduced the term expectancy.
*
Expectation = that something will happen
Expectancy= what will happen
The Social Learning Theory (SLT)
The Social Learning Theory (SLT) was officially launched in 1941 with Miller and Dollard's publication of Social Learning and Imitation.
Their SLT incorporated the principles of learning: reinforcement, punishment, extinction, and imitation of models.
Their book was written to explain how animals and humans model observed behaviors, which then became learned through environmental reinforcements.
*
This work expanded on the reciprocal relationship between environment and .
3/13/2020 PSY105 & PSY101 - Page 3.15 - Social-Cognitive Theories
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Psychology
3 Personality and Human Development / Page 3.15 Social-Cognitive Theories
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Social-Cognitive Theories
How do social-cognitive theorists view personality development, and how do they
explore behavior?
The social-cognitive perspective on personality, proposed by Albert Bandura (1986,
2006, 2008), emphasizes the interaction of our traits with our situations. Much as
nature and nurture always work together, so do individuals and their situations.
The point to remember Behavior emerges from the interplay of external and internal
influences.
Social-cognitive theorists believe we learn many of our behaviors either through
conditioning or by observing and imitating others. (That’s the “social” part.) They also
emphasize the importance of mental processes: What we think about a situation affects
our behavior in that situation. (That’s the “cognitive” part.) Instead of focusing solely on
how our environment controls us (behaviorism), social-cognitive theorists focus on how
we and our environment interact: How do we interpret and respond to external events?
How do our schemas, our memories, and our expectations influence our behavior
patterns?
Reciprocal Influences
Bandura (1986, 2006) views the person-environment interaction as reciprocal
determinism. “Behavior, internal personal factors, and environmental influences,” he
said, “all operate as interlocking determinants of each other” (Figure 8). We can see this
interaction in people’s relationships. For example, Rosa’s romantic history (past
behavior) influences her attitudes toward new relationships (internal factor), which
affects how she now responds to Ryan (environmental factor).
Figure 8
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Reciprocal Determinism
Circular illustration of how internal personal factors, behavior, and environmental factors
interact. Illustration contains three text boxes forming a triangle, with two-sided arrows
pointing between each text box. The first box contains internal personal factors, like
thoughts and feelings about risky activities. The second box contains behavior, like
learning to rock climb, and the third box contains environmental factors, like rock-
climbing friends.
Courtesy of Joslyn Brugh
Multiple-Choice Question
How does the social-cognitive approach differ from the other perspectives
on personality discussed in this chapter?
The social-cognitive view emphasizes the role of internal dispositions to a
greater extent than do the ot.
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We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
2. Introduction
Social cognition refers to the mental processes
that enable individuals to make sense of and
navigate the social world around them. This
presentation explores Anderson's Cognitive
Algebra Theory, which provides a framework for
understanding how people process and use
social information.
3. What is Social Cognition?
Social cognition involves a range of
mental processes, including
perception, attention, memory, and
judgment, that are used to understand
and navigate social situations. These
processes are influenced by a variety of
factors, such as culture, experience,
and individual differences.
4. Anderson's Cognitive Algebra Theory
Anderson's Cognitive Algebra Theory proposes
that people use a set of mental operations to
process and use social information. These
operations include addition, subtraction, and
multiplication, and are used to combine
different types of social information in a flexible
and adaptive way.
5. Addition in Social Cognition
In social cognition, addition involves
combining social information from
different sources to form a global
impression of a person or situation. This
can include information about a
person's traits, behaviors, and context.
Addition is influenced by factors such as
primacy, recency, and salience.
6. Subtraction in Social Cognition
In social cognition, subtraction involves
removing or discounting certain types of social
information to form a more accurate impression.
This can include information that is irrelevant,
ambiguous, or inconsistent. Subtraction is
influenced by factors such as motivation,
cognitive load, and perceptual fluency.
7. Multiplication in Social Cognition
In social cognition, multiplication
involves combining different types of
social information to form a more
nuanced and complex impression. This
can include information about a
person's traits, behaviors, and context,
as well as information about group
membership and stereotypes.
Multiplication is influenced by factors
such as stereotype activation,
motivation, and cognitive resources.
8. Applications of Cognitive Algebra Theory
Anderson's Cognitive Algebra Theory has been
applied to a variety of domains, including
intergroup relations, person perception, and
judgment and decision making. This theory
provides a useful framework for understanding
how people process and use social information
in a flexible and adaptive way.
9. Limitations of Cognitive Algebra
Theory
While Anderson's Cognitive Algebra
Theory provides a useful framework for
understanding social cognition, it has
some limitations. For example, it does
not account for individual differences
in social cognition, such as personality
and mood. Additionally, it may not fully
capture the complexity of social
interactions and the role of context in
social cognition.
10. Future Directions
Future research on social cognition and
Anderson's Cognitive Algebra Theory
could explore a variety of topics, such
as the role of culture and context in
social information processing, and the
influence of emotions and motivations
on social cognition. This research could
have important implications for fields
such as social psychology,
communication, and marketing.
11. Conclusion
In conclusion, social cognition is a complex and multifaceted
process that is influenced by a variety of factors. Anderson's
Cognitive Algebra Theory provides a useful framework for
understanding how people process and use social
information in a flexible and adaptive way. Further research on
this topic could have important implications for a variety of
fields and domains.
12. Thanks!
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