The document provides definitions and illustrations of standard test positions and production welding positions. It aims to help users understand the difference between testing positions used for welder qualification and production welding positions encountered in the field. Test positions have discrete definitions and tolerances, while production welding positions are defined contiguously to encompass all possible positions. The document uses diagrams and examples to demonstrate how the positions are defined based on axis inclination and rotation ranges. Key points are that test positions do not necessarily correspond to welding positions, and positions between tests are undefined.
SMAW is one of the basic and most common of all welding processes. this presentation is geared towards helping the general public in understanding the fundamentals of SMAW process. Look out for my next series of publications...
This document summarizes Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) techniques. It describes different types of weld beads, such as stringer and weave beads, and weld passes like root, fill, and cover passes. It outlines techniques for various weld positions including flat, horizontal, vertical and overhead. It provides guidance on travel speed, electrode placement, arc length and work/drag angles to control weld penetration, dilution and bead shape. It also covers topics like joint preparation, restarts and crater fills.
Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) is a manual welding process where heat is generated by an electric arc between a consumable electrode and the base metal. SMAW has advantages of versatility in applications and positions, simplicity of equipment, and adaptability to confined spaces, but has disadvantages of lower productivity than continuous wire processes, higher costs due to frequent electrode changes, and higher metal wastage from stubs.
Flux cored arc welding (FCAW) can be used to join many types of metals. It has a high deposition rate compared to stick welding and the flux provides shielding so external shielding gas or handling of flux is not needed. FCAW can be used for welding carbon steels, stainless steels, and other alloys. It is suitable for outdoor welding and windy conditions. Operators require less skill for FCAW compared to gas tungsten arc welding and shielded metal arc welding.
The document provides an overview and guide for teaching Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) including learning objectives, safety procedures, welding principles, equipment setup, the welding process, troubleshooting techniques, electrode classification, and sample lesson plans. Key topics covered include striking an arc, travel speed, arc length, filler metals, and the advantages and limitations of the SMAW process.
Welding is a process that joins materials by causing coalescence and can be accomplished with or without the use of filler material. There are several common welded joint types including butt, fillet, lap, and corner joints. Various welding processes are described including oxy-fuel welding, shielded metal arc welding (SMAW), gas metal arc welding (GMAW), and gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW). Key factors that affect the quality of a weld include current, voltage, travel speed, and gas selection depending on the specific process.
Electric arc welding is a process that joins metals by heating them with an electric arc between an electrode and the metals. It is one of the most common welding processes and uses a consumable electrode coated in flux to lay the weld. The electric arc melts the tip of the electrode and filler metal is deposited into the weld pool while the flux provides shielding from contamination and leaves a slag layer. Proper welding techniques along with the right equipment, electrodes, and power source are required to perform arc welding.
Pipe welding involves joining pipes together without fittings through various welding positions and techniques. It is more complicated than structural welding due to the cylindrical shape of pipes. There are four principal pipe welding positions defined by the orientation of the pipe: horizontal rolled (1G), vertical (2G), horizontal fixed (5G), and 45-degree inclined (6G). Additionally, there are restricted positions (R), fillet welds (F), and groove welds (G) used in pipe welding. Improperly executed pipe welds can lead to ultimate failure of the pipe at the welding point.
SMAW is one of the basic and most common of all welding processes. this presentation is geared towards helping the general public in understanding the fundamentals of SMAW process. Look out for my next series of publications...
This document summarizes Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) techniques. It describes different types of weld beads, such as stringer and weave beads, and weld passes like root, fill, and cover passes. It outlines techniques for various weld positions including flat, horizontal, vertical and overhead. It provides guidance on travel speed, electrode placement, arc length and work/drag angles to control weld penetration, dilution and bead shape. It also covers topics like joint preparation, restarts and crater fills.
Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) is a manual welding process where heat is generated by an electric arc between a consumable electrode and the base metal. SMAW has advantages of versatility in applications and positions, simplicity of equipment, and adaptability to confined spaces, but has disadvantages of lower productivity than continuous wire processes, higher costs due to frequent electrode changes, and higher metal wastage from stubs.
Flux cored arc welding (FCAW) can be used to join many types of metals. It has a high deposition rate compared to stick welding and the flux provides shielding so external shielding gas or handling of flux is not needed. FCAW can be used for welding carbon steels, stainless steels, and other alloys. It is suitable for outdoor welding and windy conditions. Operators require less skill for FCAW compared to gas tungsten arc welding and shielded metal arc welding.
The document provides an overview and guide for teaching Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) including learning objectives, safety procedures, welding principles, equipment setup, the welding process, troubleshooting techniques, electrode classification, and sample lesson plans. Key topics covered include striking an arc, travel speed, arc length, filler metals, and the advantages and limitations of the SMAW process.
Welding is a process that joins materials by causing coalescence and can be accomplished with or without the use of filler material. There are several common welded joint types including butt, fillet, lap, and corner joints. Various welding processes are described including oxy-fuel welding, shielded metal arc welding (SMAW), gas metal arc welding (GMAW), and gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW). Key factors that affect the quality of a weld include current, voltage, travel speed, and gas selection depending on the specific process.
Electric arc welding is a process that joins metals by heating them with an electric arc between an electrode and the metals. It is one of the most common welding processes and uses a consumable electrode coated in flux to lay the weld. The electric arc melts the tip of the electrode and filler metal is deposited into the weld pool while the flux provides shielding from contamination and leaves a slag layer. Proper welding techniques along with the right equipment, electrodes, and power source are required to perform arc welding.
Pipe welding involves joining pipes together without fittings through various welding positions and techniques. It is more complicated than structural welding due to the cylindrical shape of pipes. There are four principal pipe welding positions defined by the orientation of the pipe: horizontal rolled (1G), vertical (2G), horizontal fixed (5G), and 45-degree inclined (6G). Additionally, there are restricted positions (R), fillet welds (F), and groove welds (G) used in pipe welding. Improperly executed pipe welds can lead to ultimate failure of the pipe at the welding point.
What is MIG welding?
Working process
Process Parameters
Advantages
Limitations
Applications
MIG welding is an arc welding process in which a continuous solid wire electrode is fed through a welding gun and into the weld pool, joining the two base materials together.
A shielding gas is also sent through the welding gun and protects the weld pool from contamination.
In fact, MIG stands for “Metal Inert Gas”. The technical name for it is "Gas Metal Arc Welding" (or GMAW).
One of the welding processes that used in Engineering field is the TIG welding. There are several types of welding processes similar to this, but tig welding has its unique features.
Thanks for the colleagues who give this slides to publish.
1. Welding is a metal joining process that involves applying heat, pressure, or both to joining materials. There are several types of welding processes including solid state welding, fusion welding, and pressure welding.
2. Solid state welding joins metals below their melting point using mechanical pressure and heat. Examples are cold welding, ultrasonic welding, friction welding, and friction stir welding.
3. Resistance welding generates heat for welding through electrical resistance across components. Common resistance welding methods are spot welding, seam welding, and projection welding.
The document provides instructions for welding a 6-inch diameter pipe in the 6G position using SMAW (shielded metal arc welding). It specifies using E6010 and E7018 electrodes with DCEP polarity. Safety equipment like a welding helmet and gloves is required. The process involves beveling the pipe edges, tack welding, depositing a root pass from the bottom up, subsequent filling passes while cleaning slag, and a capping pass. Tips are provided like maintaining a short arc and cleaning passes until shiny to prepare for the next layer. The goal is to achieve full root penetration and fill the groove completely according to AWS B2.1 standards for 6G pipe welding certification.
GTAW/TIG welding involves an arc between a non-consumable tungsten electrode and the workpiece, with an inert gas shielding the weld area from contamination. It allows for welding of many materials with high quality and precision. The document discusses the equipment, parameters, applications, materials and safety considerations for GTAW welding. It notes the process provides welder control but is also more complex and slower than alternatives like GMAW.
This document provides an overview of lessons for teaching the Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) process. It outlines 13 lessons that cover striking an arc, running beads in various positions, and making various joint configurations. The lessons provide objectives, required equipment including power sources and electrodes, and base materials for students to practice and learn SMAW skills. The goal is for students to gain proficiency in setting up equipment, controlling variables, and welding in all positions according to AWS standards.
The document discusses weld defects, their causes, and remedies. It identifies eight main types of structural weld defects: crater cracks, longitudinal cracks, cross-sectional cracks, undercutting, slag inclusion, porosity, poor penetration, and incomplete fusion. Each defect is described along with its potential causes, such as improper welding technique, incorrect electrode or current usage, or poor joint preparation. The objective is to help identify different weld defects, understand what causes them, and take appropriate measures to remedy issues.
Welding Processes
Two Categories of Welding Processes
Arc Welding
Resistance Welding
Oxy-fuel Gas Welding
Other Fusion Welding Processes
Solid State Welding
Shielded Metal Arc Welding
Gas Metal Arc Welding
Flux‑Cored Arc Welding
Electro gas Welding
Submerged Arc Welding
Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW) or TIG
Resistant Welding
Brazing and Soldering
This document provides information on shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) techniques. It discusses various types of weld beads and passes used in SMAW. Key techniques covered include stringer, weave, and whip techniques and their characteristics. Proper travel angles, speeds, and electrode placement are described. Joint preparation details are provided for different joint types, positions, and whether backing is used. The document also discusses restart and crater techniques as well as machine setup parameters.
Gas Metal Arc Welding or MIG welding .
Gas metal arc welding (GMAW), sometimes referred to by its subtypes metal inert gas (MIG) welding or metal active gas (MAG) welding, is a welding process in which an electric arc forms between a consumable wire electrode and the workpiece metal(s), which heats the workpiece metal(s), causing them to melt and join
pulsed spray
globular spray
An introduction to various welding processes, suitable for all welding students and welding professionals like welder, supervisor, inspector, engineer.
The document discusses the results of a study on the impact of COVID-19 lockdowns on air pollution. Researchers analyzed data from dozens of countries and found that lockdowns led to an average decline of nearly 30% in nitrogen dioxide levels over cities. However, they also observed that this improvement was temporary and air pollution rebounded once lockdown restrictions began lifting. Overall, the study highlights how human activities are a major driver of air pollution but also that systemic changes are needed for long-term air quality improvements.
Welding is a process that joins materials by melting them together with heat. There are several common types of welding including stick welding, MIG welding, TIG welding, and flux-cored arc welding. Welding requires certain safety equipment like a face shield, gloves, and protective clothing to avoid burns. Different types of welding rods are used for various materials and situations. Proper equipment is also needed like a welding machine, electrode holders, cables, and accessories. Laser beam and electron beam welding are advanced techniques that use concentrated light sources. Gas welding involves burning fuel gases with oxygen to produce a flame hot enough to melt metals. Forge welding is an ancient solid-state process that joins metals by heating and hammering them
Welding equipment's is the tools used in the welding
The following equipment's used in the welding
1. Power Source (AC or DC)
2. Electrode Holder
3. Welding Cables
4. Ground Clamp
5. Welding Electrodes
6. Welding Helmets & Hand Shield
7. Protective Cloths
8. Finishing tools – Wire brush, Chipping Hammers.
The document provides information on Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) welding including: the principle of TIG welding where an electric arc is produced between a non-consumable tungsten electrode and the workpiece which is shielded by an inert gas; the main components of a TIG welding torch; factors that influence electrode selection such as diameter and grinding angle; shielding gases like argon and helium; and common applications of TIG welding in industries. Safety precautions for TIG welding are also outlined.
The Certified Welding Inspector (CWI) plays an important role during any welded construction activities ensuring the required specifications and standards are followed. Due to the numerous materials and processes associated with metal joining (welding) THIS PRESENTATION SHALL SHOW ONLY THE BASIC WELDING PROCESSES AND EXAMINATION METHODS (NDE). National and International Codes and Specifications along with measuring devices are the Inspector’s tools. Hopefully the following presentation shall give an insight into basic welding inspection.
This document discusses welding defects and welding processes. It describes various types of welding including arc welding, gas welding, resistance welding, thermit welding, solid state welding, and newer welding techniques. It then discusses common welding defects such as slag inclusion, undercut, porosity, incomplete fusion, overlap, underfill, spatter, excessive convexity/concavity, excessive weld reinforcement, incomplete penetration, and excessive penetration. For each defect it provides the potential causes and recommendations for prevention and repair.
The document discusses gas welding as a metal joining process. It describes how gas welding uses a flame from gases like oxygen and acetylene to heat and melt parent metals to form a joint. The key steps of gas welding include preparing the metal surfaces, setting up the joint using fixtures, tack welding to hold the joint in place, and then moving the torch and filler rod to form the weld. Different torch flame types and welding techniques are also outlined. Gas welding is suitable for production and repair work due to control of gas flow and heating/cooling rates.
The document provides information on oxyacetylene welding (OAW) including the equipment, setup, safety procedures, and flame types. It describes how OAW uses oxygen and acetylene gases to produce a high-temperature flame. The typical welding station includes oxygen and acetylene cylinders, pressure regulators to reduce gas pressure, hoses to carry the gases to the torch, and check valves for safety. Proper startup involves checking for leaks, adjusting pressures, and using a spark lighter to ignite the flame. There are three main flame types - neutral, carburizing, and oxidizing - depending on the oxygen to acetylene ratio. Safety is paramount, such as never exceeding the maximum 15 PSI working pressure
This document discusses welding positions and how they differ from standard test positions. It begins by explaining that test positions are defined for qualifying welders, while production welding positions must be defined contiguously to cover all possible orientations. It then provides diagrams and explanations of common welding positions like flat, horizontal, and overhead, noting the allowed ranges of inclination and rotation for each position. It emphasizes that welding positions are different from standardized test positions used for qualifications.
What is MIG welding?
Working process
Process Parameters
Advantages
Limitations
Applications
MIG welding is an arc welding process in which a continuous solid wire electrode is fed through a welding gun and into the weld pool, joining the two base materials together.
A shielding gas is also sent through the welding gun and protects the weld pool from contamination.
In fact, MIG stands for “Metal Inert Gas”. The technical name for it is "Gas Metal Arc Welding" (or GMAW).
One of the welding processes that used in Engineering field is the TIG welding. There are several types of welding processes similar to this, but tig welding has its unique features.
Thanks for the colleagues who give this slides to publish.
1. Welding is a metal joining process that involves applying heat, pressure, or both to joining materials. There are several types of welding processes including solid state welding, fusion welding, and pressure welding.
2. Solid state welding joins metals below their melting point using mechanical pressure and heat. Examples are cold welding, ultrasonic welding, friction welding, and friction stir welding.
3. Resistance welding generates heat for welding through electrical resistance across components. Common resistance welding methods are spot welding, seam welding, and projection welding.
The document provides instructions for welding a 6-inch diameter pipe in the 6G position using SMAW (shielded metal arc welding). It specifies using E6010 and E7018 electrodes with DCEP polarity. Safety equipment like a welding helmet and gloves is required. The process involves beveling the pipe edges, tack welding, depositing a root pass from the bottom up, subsequent filling passes while cleaning slag, and a capping pass. Tips are provided like maintaining a short arc and cleaning passes until shiny to prepare for the next layer. The goal is to achieve full root penetration and fill the groove completely according to AWS B2.1 standards for 6G pipe welding certification.
GTAW/TIG welding involves an arc between a non-consumable tungsten electrode and the workpiece, with an inert gas shielding the weld area from contamination. It allows for welding of many materials with high quality and precision. The document discusses the equipment, parameters, applications, materials and safety considerations for GTAW welding. It notes the process provides welder control but is also more complex and slower than alternatives like GMAW.
This document provides an overview of lessons for teaching the Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) process. It outlines 13 lessons that cover striking an arc, running beads in various positions, and making various joint configurations. The lessons provide objectives, required equipment including power sources and electrodes, and base materials for students to practice and learn SMAW skills. The goal is for students to gain proficiency in setting up equipment, controlling variables, and welding in all positions according to AWS standards.
The document discusses weld defects, their causes, and remedies. It identifies eight main types of structural weld defects: crater cracks, longitudinal cracks, cross-sectional cracks, undercutting, slag inclusion, porosity, poor penetration, and incomplete fusion. Each defect is described along with its potential causes, such as improper welding technique, incorrect electrode or current usage, or poor joint preparation. The objective is to help identify different weld defects, understand what causes them, and take appropriate measures to remedy issues.
Welding Processes
Two Categories of Welding Processes
Arc Welding
Resistance Welding
Oxy-fuel Gas Welding
Other Fusion Welding Processes
Solid State Welding
Shielded Metal Arc Welding
Gas Metal Arc Welding
Flux‑Cored Arc Welding
Electro gas Welding
Submerged Arc Welding
Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW) or TIG
Resistant Welding
Brazing and Soldering
This document provides information on shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) techniques. It discusses various types of weld beads and passes used in SMAW. Key techniques covered include stringer, weave, and whip techniques and their characteristics. Proper travel angles, speeds, and electrode placement are described. Joint preparation details are provided for different joint types, positions, and whether backing is used. The document also discusses restart and crater techniques as well as machine setup parameters.
Gas Metal Arc Welding or MIG welding .
Gas metal arc welding (GMAW), sometimes referred to by its subtypes metal inert gas (MIG) welding or metal active gas (MAG) welding, is a welding process in which an electric arc forms between a consumable wire electrode and the workpiece metal(s), which heats the workpiece metal(s), causing them to melt and join
pulsed spray
globular spray
An introduction to various welding processes, suitable for all welding students and welding professionals like welder, supervisor, inspector, engineer.
The document discusses the results of a study on the impact of COVID-19 lockdowns on air pollution. Researchers analyzed data from dozens of countries and found that lockdowns led to an average decline of nearly 30% in nitrogen dioxide levels over cities. However, they also observed that this improvement was temporary and air pollution rebounded once lockdown restrictions began lifting. Overall, the study highlights how human activities are a major driver of air pollution but also that systemic changes are needed for long-term air quality improvements.
Welding is a process that joins materials by melting them together with heat. There are several common types of welding including stick welding, MIG welding, TIG welding, and flux-cored arc welding. Welding requires certain safety equipment like a face shield, gloves, and protective clothing to avoid burns. Different types of welding rods are used for various materials and situations. Proper equipment is also needed like a welding machine, electrode holders, cables, and accessories. Laser beam and electron beam welding are advanced techniques that use concentrated light sources. Gas welding involves burning fuel gases with oxygen to produce a flame hot enough to melt metals. Forge welding is an ancient solid-state process that joins metals by heating and hammering them
Welding equipment's is the tools used in the welding
The following equipment's used in the welding
1. Power Source (AC or DC)
2. Electrode Holder
3. Welding Cables
4. Ground Clamp
5. Welding Electrodes
6. Welding Helmets & Hand Shield
7. Protective Cloths
8. Finishing tools – Wire brush, Chipping Hammers.
The document provides information on Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) welding including: the principle of TIG welding where an electric arc is produced between a non-consumable tungsten electrode and the workpiece which is shielded by an inert gas; the main components of a TIG welding torch; factors that influence electrode selection such as diameter and grinding angle; shielding gases like argon and helium; and common applications of TIG welding in industries. Safety precautions for TIG welding are also outlined.
The Certified Welding Inspector (CWI) plays an important role during any welded construction activities ensuring the required specifications and standards are followed. Due to the numerous materials and processes associated with metal joining (welding) THIS PRESENTATION SHALL SHOW ONLY THE BASIC WELDING PROCESSES AND EXAMINATION METHODS (NDE). National and International Codes and Specifications along with measuring devices are the Inspector’s tools. Hopefully the following presentation shall give an insight into basic welding inspection.
This document discusses welding defects and welding processes. It describes various types of welding including arc welding, gas welding, resistance welding, thermit welding, solid state welding, and newer welding techniques. It then discusses common welding defects such as slag inclusion, undercut, porosity, incomplete fusion, overlap, underfill, spatter, excessive convexity/concavity, excessive weld reinforcement, incomplete penetration, and excessive penetration. For each defect it provides the potential causes and recommendations for prevention and repair.
The document discusses gas welding as a metal joining process. It describes how gas welding uses a flame from gases like oxygen and acetylene to heat and melt parent metals to form a joint. The key steps of gas welding include preparing the metal surfaces, setting up the joint using fixtures, tack welding to hold the joint in place, and then moving the torch and filler rod to form the weld. Different torch flame types and welding techniques are also outlined. Gas welding is suitable for production and repair work due to control of gas flow and heating/cooling rates.
The document provides information on oxyacetylene welding (OAW) including the equipment, setup, safety procedures, and flame types. It describes how OAW uses oxygen and acetylene gases to produce a high-temperature flame. The typical welding station includes oxygen and acetylene cylinders, pressure regulators to reduce gas pressure, hoses to carry the gases to the torch, and check valves for safety. Proper startup involves checking for leaks, adjusting pressures, and using a spark lighter to ignite the flame. There are three main flame types - neutral, carburizing, and oxidizing - depending on the oxygen to acetylene ratio. Safety is paramount, such as never exceeding the maximum 15 PSI working pressure
This document discusses welding positions and how they differ from standard test positions. It begins by explaining that test positions are defined for qualifying welders, while production welding positions must be defined contiguously to cover all possible orientations. It then provides diagrams and explanations of common welding positions like flat, horizontal, and overhead, noting the allowed ranges of inclination and rotation for each position. It emphasizes that welding positions are different from standardized test positions used for qualifications.
This document discusses shaft couplings and alignment. It describes different types of shaft couplings like flange, sleeve, muff couplings. It discusses the requirements of good shaft couplings and problems that can occur in couplings. The document also covers alignment of shafts, methods to detect and correct misalignment like soft foot. It describes different alignment methods including dial gauge, reverse indicator and laser alignment. It discusses the effects of misalignment on vibration and characteristics to identify different types of misalignments.
The document provides instructions for performing an alignment procedure on a centrifugal compressor. It describes the different types of misalignment that can occur and outlines the steps to measure and correct any misalignment. This includes using dial gauges to measure radial, axial, and angular misalignment on the vertical and horizontal planes. Formulas are provided to calculate the amount of any misalignment and determine the necessary corrections, such as adding or removing shims under the compressor feet.
Kraus & naimer switch wiring diagrams pocketbook 2016Dien Ha The
Catalog Kraus Naimer, Catalog,
Catalog Thiết Bị Điện Kraus Naimer, Catalog Thiết Bị Điện,
Catalog Biến Tần Kraus Naimer, Catalog Điện Công Nghiệp,
http://dienhathe.com,
Chi tiết các sản phẩm khác của Kraus Naimer tại https://dienhathe.com
Xem thêm các Catalog khác của Kraus Naimer tại https://dienhathe.info
Để nhận báo giá sản phẩm Kraus Naimer vui lòng gọi: 0907.764.966
Kraus & naimer switch wiring diagrams pocketbook 2016 dienhathe.vnDien Ha The
Khoa Học - Kỹ Thuật & Giải Trí: http://phongvan.org
Tài Liệu Khoa Học Kỹ Thuật: http://tailieukythuat.info
Thiết bị Điện Công Nghiệp - Điện Hạ Thế: http://dienhathe.org
This document provides a disclaimer for content used in a YouTube channel's videos. It states that the content is meant for non-commercial, educational purposes only. It acknowledges that some images used may be under copyright but their use was unintentional and for fair use only. The document says that any copyrighted material will be removed if a claim is received.
Plane and Applied Surveying 2
Traversing Theory Part
Traverse Computations
Definition
Types of Meridian
Applications of traversing
Bearings
Correction for observed angles (closed traverse)
Check angular Misclosure
Adjust angular Misclosure
Calculate adjusted bearings
Compute (E, N) for each traverse line
Coordinates.
-Traversing
Methods of conducting Traverse
1. Theodolite
2. Total Station
2. Compass
3. GPS
Bearings
Bearings
Bearing is the angle which a certain line make with a
certain meridian. Bearing with respect to true meridian is
called true bearings while magnetic bearing is the angle
which a line makes with respect to magnetic meridian.
There are two ways to represent the bearings,
Fore and back bearings
Whole circle bearing (W.C.B) ,(Azimuth)
Reduced Bearing (R.B) or quadrant bearing
6 The bearing of a line measured in the forward direction of survey line is called the ‘Fore Bearing’ (FB) of that line.
The bearing of the line measured in the direction opposite to the direction
of the progress of survey is called the ‘Back Bearing’ (BB) of the line.
BB= FB ± 180°
+ sign is applied when FB is < 180°
- sign is applied when FB is > 180°
1) Whole Circle Bearing (W.C.B) (Azimuth)
Is the bearing always measured from north in clockwise direction to a point.
Whole Circle Bearing (W.C.B) (Azimuth)
2) Reduced Bearing
Reduced bearing or Quadrant bearing is the angle which a line
makes from North or South Pole whichever may be near. The value of angle is from 0° to 90° , and are taken either clock wisely or anti clock wisely.
-Quadrant bearing
The difference between the whole circle bearing and quadrant
bearing are as follows.
-Example The following fore bearings were observed for lines, AB, BC, CD, and DE Determine their back bearings: • 145°, 285°, 65°, 215°
Example The Fore Bearing of the following lines are given Find the
Back Bearing.
(a) FB of AB= 310° 30’
(b) FB of BC= 145° 15’
(c) FB of CD = 210° 30’
(d) FB of DE = 60° 45’
Example:
Convert the following whole circle bearing to quadrant or
reduced bearings :
( i ) 42ᵒ 30’ ( ii ) 126ᵒ 15’
( iii ) 242ᵒ 45’ ( iv ) 328ᵒ10’
Example
Convert the following reduced bearings to whole circle
bearings:
( I ) N 65ᵒ 12’ E ( ii ) S 36ᵒ 48’ E
( iii ) S 38ᵒ 18’ W ( iv ) N 26ᵒ 32’ W
Closed Traverse
• Ends at a known point with known direction Geometrical Constraints
-Adjust the deflection angles
2-Interior angles Traverse
Interior angles are measured clockwise or counterclockwise between two adjacent lines on the inside of a closed polygon figure.
Example
The following traverse have five sides with five internal
angles. Find the angular misclosure and apply the angle
correction
-3-Exterior angle Traverse
Correction for observed angles (closed traverse)
Example:
IF ∑observed angles for traverse (ABCDA)= 360˚00′ 48″ find misclosure and correct the interior angles. Check Allowable Angle Misclosure
Prepared by:Asst. Prof. Salar K.Hussein
Erbil Polytechnic University
The document describes improvements made to a welding fixture for a shaft assembly process. Previously, the fixture used a limit switch to check that locating pins were inserted correctly into the shaft before allowing welding. This sometimes led to incorrect welding angles. To address this, the fixture was improved to automate angle checking using a limit switch on a lever, which only allows welding when both pins are inserted at the right angle. This countermeasure ensured welding only occurs at the proper angle specified in drawings.
Development of surfaces of solids -ENGINEERING DRAWING - RGPV,BHOPALAbhishek Kandare
Development of surfaces of solids
THIS SLIDE CONTAINS WHOLE SYLLABUS OF ENGINEERING DRAWING/GRAPHICS. IT IS THE MOST SIMPLE AND INTERACTIVE WAY TO LEARN ENGINEERING DRAWING.SYLLABUS IS RELATED TO rajiv gandhi proudyogiki vishwavidyalaya / rajiv gandhi TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY ,BHOPAL.
The document discusses sections and developments of solids. It defines sectioning a solid as cutting it with an imaginary cutting plane to understand its internal details. The cutting plane is called the section plane. It shows how to draw the true shape of a section and the development of the remaining solid. It provides examples of typical section planes and shapes formed for different solids. It also defines development as the shape of an unfolded sheet representing the lateral surfaces of a hollow solid. Examples of its engineering applications are given. The document concludes with problems demonstrating how to draw sections, true shapes and developments of various solids.
This document provides an overview of machine alignment, including definitions of different types of misalignment, causes of misalignment, effects of misalignment, and methods for detecting and correcting misalignment. It discusses alignment techniques such as using straight edges, dial indicators, and lasers. Precise alignment requires preparing machines by checking for issues like soft foot, pipe strain, coupling gaps, and runout before implementing alignment methods.
This document provides information about 90 degree long radius elbow pipe fittings. It describes the product specifications, materials, dimensions, tolerances, weights, and applications. Micron Steel is an ISO-certified manufacturer and supplier of high quality 90 degree long radius elbows in various materials like stainless steel, carbon steel, alloy steels, and nickel alloys. They offer elbows according to international standards for industries including oil and gas, power, petrochemical, and construction.
Here are the steps to solve this problem:
1) Cutting speed given = 20 m/min
2) Length of workpiece = 250 mm
3) Width of workpiece = 150 mm
4) Total material to be removed = Length x Width = 250 x 150 = 37,500 mm^3
5) Volume removed per stroke = Length of stroke x Feed per stroke
Assume length of stroke = 200 mm (typical for a shaper)
Feed per stroke = ?
6) Number of strokes required = Total material / Volume per stroke
7) Volume per stroke = Length of stroke x Feed
= 200 x Feed
8) Number of strokes = Total material / Volume per
IG Tech Bootcamp-Tips & Tricks, Critical Features and Common Mistakes PV Elit...amolshinde464815
The document summarizes tips, tricks and common mistakes related to modeling nozzles, piping, saddles and other components in a 3D modeling software. It provides step-by-step instructions on how to shift a nozzle between shell courses or to a dished end, add piping runs, calculate reinforcement for small openings, add non-standard flanges and sump heads. It also describes how to correctly set parameters for critical calculations like flange de-rating, transportation loads, bundle pullout loads, and blast loads. Finally, it addresses some common mistakes made in entering values like insulation density, service selection and ensuring correct element identification in a heat exchanger.
This document discusses methods for projecting solids when the axis is inclined to the horizontal plane (HP) and parallel to the vertical plane (VP). It describes the change of position method, which involves first drawing the projections with the axis perpendicular to HP, then tilting the front view to the correct orientation. Several examples demonstrate applying this method to a pentagonal prism, square pyramid, cylinder, and cone. Tips are provided for determining which edges are visible or hidden in the projections. The document is intended to teach engineering graphics concepts related to multi-view projections of 3D objects.
This document provides instructions for assembling a Formula SAE race car frame. It begins with an overview of required skills, safety warnings, and tools. Sections then guide the reader through frame preparation, assembly, and finishing steps. Key steps include using jigs and risers to accurately weld frame members into front, rear, and bottom sections. Upon completion, the frame is heat treated and cleaned before final assembly.
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptxEduSkills OECD
Iván Bornacelly, Policy Analyst at the OECD Centre for Skills, OECD, presents at the webinar 'Tackling job market gaps with a skills-first approach' on 12 June 2024
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
हिंदी वर्णमाला पीपीटी, hindi alphabet PPT presentation, hindi varnamala PPT, Hindi Varnamala pdf, हिंदी स्वर, हिंदी व्यंजन, sikhiye hindi varnmala, dr. mulla adam ali, hindi language and literature, hindi alphabet with drawing, hindi alphabet pdf, hindi varnamala for childrens, hindi language, hindi varnamala practice for kids, https://www.drmullaadamali.com
Reimagining Your Library Space: How to Increase the Vibes in Your Library No ...Diana Rendina
Librarians are leading the way in creating future-ready citizens – now we need to update our spaces to match. In this session, attendees will get inspiration for transforming their library spaces. You’ll learn how to survey students and patrons, create a focus group, and use design thinking to brainstorm ideas for your space. We’ll discuss budget friendly ways to change your space as well as how to find funding. No matter where you’re at, you’ll find ideas for reimagining your space in this session.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Find out more about ISO training and certification services
Training: ISO/IEC 27001 Information Security Management System - EN | PECB
ISO/IEC 42001 Artificial Intelligence Management System - EN | PECB
General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) - Training Courses - EN | PECB
Webinars: https://pecb.com/webinars
Article: https://pecb.com/article
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For more information about PECB:
Website: https://pecb.com/
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/pecb/
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PECBInternational/
Slideshare: http://www.slideshare.net/PECBCERTIFICATION
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
RHEOLOGY Physical pharmaceutics-II notes for B.pharm 4th sem students
Welding Position.pdf
1. • General permission is granted for use of this
presentation including printing thereof for
educational purposes provided credit is
given to Sperko Engineering.
• Use of the figures herein in any other
publication without specific written
permission is prohibited.
2. • The primary purpose of this presentation is
twofold:
– Make sure that code users understand the
difference between testing positions and
production welding positions
– Help users understand how to read the figures
that define production welding positions shown
on the next page.
4. Standard Test Positions
Positions 1G, 3G, 6G, 2F, 5F, etc. are
specially defined standard positions
used for testing. They are properly
referred to as Test Positions. Similar
positions are found in ISO 6947
identified as PA, PC, PG, etc.
5. Standard Testing Positions
Test positions are discreetly defined
positions of test coupons that are used
when mostly when testing welders.
These positions have tolerance of ±15°
from the defined horizontal planes and
±5° from a defined vertical or inclined
plane. See QW-120
10. Test Positions are Discreetly
Defined
• Because of tolerance limits on test positions,
positions in between test positions are undefined!
• That is, a weld that is inclined 22° uphill and
rotated 36° about its axis has no “G” or “F”
position. Such a position, however, may be
encountered during production welding.
• Production welding positions, therefore, need to
be defined contiguously.
11. Test Positions Qualify Welders
for Specific Welding Positions
Test Positions Welding Positions
Translations from test positions to welding positions are
made in the construction codes. QW-461.9 is typical.
13. Welding Positions
Note to table:
(1) Positions of welding as shown in QW-461.1 and QW-461.2
F = Flat
H = Horizontal
V = Vertical
O = Overhead
(2) Pipe 2-7/8 in outside diameter and over.
14. Welding positions for groove
welds are defined by the
following diagram.
NOTE
Welding Position Diagrams are
contiguous.
16. Tabulation showing transition
points between welding positions
Tabulation of Positions of Groove Welds
Position Diagram Reference Inclination of Axis Rotation of Face
Flat A 0 to 15° 150 to 210°
HorizontalB 0 to 15° 80 to 150°
210 to 280°
Overhead C 0 to 80° 0 to 80°
210 to 360°
Vertical D 15 to 80° 80 to 280°
E 80 to 90° 0 to 360°
How this table and the diagram on the previous page work are shown in the
following diagrams
18. Welding Positions
Tabulation of Positions of Groove Welds
Position Diagram Reference Inclination of Axis Rotation of Face
Flat A 0 to 15° 150 to 210°
Horizontal B 0 to 15° 80 to 150°
210 to 280°
Overhead C 0 to 80° 0 to 80°
210 to 360°
Vertical D 15 to 80° 80 to 280°
E 80 to 90° 0 to 360°
How this table and the diagram on the previous page work are shown in the
following diagrams
24. Welding Positions
Tabulation of Positions of Groove Welds
Position Diagram Reference Inclination of Axis Rotation of Face
Flat A 0 to 15° 150 to 210°
Horizonta B 0 to 15° 80 to 150°
210 to 280°
Overhead C 0 to 80° 0 to 80°
210 to 360°
Vertical D 15 to 80° 80 to 280°
E 80 to 90° 0 to 360°
How this table and the diagram on the previous page work are shown in the
following diagrams
30. Welding Positions
Tabulation of Positions of Groove Welds
Position Diagram Reference Inclination of Axis Rotation of Face
Flat A 0 to 15° 150 to 210°
Horizonta B 0 to 15° 80 to 150°
210 to 280°
Overhead C 0 to 80° 0 to 80°
210 to 360°
Vertical D 15 to 80° 80 to 280°
E 80 to 90° 0 to 360°
How this table and the diagram on the previous page work are shown in the
following diagrams
37. Welding Positions
Tabulation of Positions of Groove Welds
Position Diagram Reference Inclination of Axis Rotation of Face
Flat A 0 to 15° 150 to 210°
Horizontal B 0 to 15° 80 to 150°
210 to 280°
Overhead C 0 to 80° 0 to 80°
210 to 360°
Vertical D 15 to 80° 80 to 280°
E 80 to 90° 0 to 360°
How this table and the diagram on the previous page work are shown in the
following diagrams
42. Welding Positions
Tabulation of Positions of Groove Welds
Position Diagram Reference Inclination of Axis Rotation of Face
Flat A 0 to 15° 150 to 210°
Horizontal B 0 to 15° 80 to 150°
210 to 280°
Overhead C 0 to 80° 0 to 80°
210 to 360°
Vertical D 15 to 80° 80 to 280°
E 80 to 90° 0 to 360°
How this table and the diagram on the previous page work are shown in the
following diagrams
112. Welding Positions for Fillet Welds
Tabulation of Positions of Fillet Welds
Position Diagram Reference Inclination of Axis Rotation of Face
Flat A 0 to 15° 150 to 210°
HorizontalB 0 to 15° 125 t0 150°
210 to 235°
Overhead C 0 to 80° 0 to125°
235 to 360°
Vertical D 15 to 80° 125 to 235°
E 80 to 90° 0 to 360°
113. Welding Positions for Fillet Welds
The Horizontal Range
Is smaller for fillet welds
Than it is for groove welds