The document summarizes environmental migration in Darfur, Sudan. It describes how drought and decreasing rainfall have led to degradation of natural resources and conflict between farmers and herders. Climate change is projected to further reduce the growing season. This has displaced millions within Sudan, including over 272,000 in Darfur as of 2019. The conflict in Darfur began in 2003 when rebels protested the government's disregard for the region. In response, government-backed militias terrorized civilians and prevented aid, leading to further displacement. Environmental issues like water scarcity, degradation, and climate change have exacerbated the conflict by increasing competition over scarce resources.
Climate Refugees: Uncertainty and InsecurityJosh Gellers
This lecture presents the precarious state of climate refugees, whose status is not defined under current international law. It examines several case studies (Syria, Tuvalu, and Kivalina) in which populations are on the move or are under imminent danger as a result, directly or indirectly, of climate change. The presentation also evaluates several possible solutions devised by legal scholars and political scientists to address to what many regard as an impending crisis.
Environmental problem is a major problem in Bangladesh. People don't take this matter seriously like poor country whether other developed countries are taken necessary steps to protect their environment. In this slide presentation, we want to discuss about causes, effects, government steps & various ways to protect our environment. Hope, you'll enjoy this presentation. Thank you All.
A presentation given to the Conference of INGOs committee for Democracy, Social Cohesion and Global Challenges on the significance of climate change as one of the complex factors affecting migration.
The conclusion suggests that climat change is a critical factor in all aspects of the work that the Council of Europe is involved in and that environmental issues - especially sustainable development - should be a top priority for its future work
Climate Refugees: Uncertainty and InsecurityJosh Gellers
This lecture presents the precarious state of climate refugees, whose status is not defined under current international law. It examines several case studies (Syria, Tuvalu, and Kivalina) in which populations are on the move or are under imminent danger as a result, directly or indirectly, of climate change. The presentation also evaluates several possible solutions devised by legal scholars and political scientists to address to what many regard as an impending crisis.
Environmental problem is a major problem in Bangladesh. People don't take this matter seriously like poor country whether other developed countries are taken necessary steps to protect their environment. In this slide presentation, we want to discuss about causes, effects, government steps & various ways to protect our environment. Hope, you'll enjoy this presentation. Thank you All.
A presentation given to the Conference of INGOs committee for Democracy, Social Cohesion and Global Challenges on the significance of climate change as one of the complex factors affecting migration.
The conclusion suggests that climat change is a critical factor in all aspects of the work that the Council of Europe is involved in and that environmental issues - especially sustainable development - should be a top priority for its future work
This presentation is a follow-up to the presentation entitled "Migration". It is aimed at lower school students and is inadequate for students preparing for major examinations. It looks at what urbanization is and what causes it.
Here I've shown statistics of some major disasters in Bangladesh. Also discussed how those disasters were managed. And last show some possible steps which can reduce the impact of the disaster.
deals with basic consept related to linkages in between Globalization and the degradation of the environment.
also suggests possible options to meet the chalange of environmental degradation in globalized environment
Forced migration has accompanied persecution, as well as war, throughout human history but has only become a topic of serious study and discussion relatively recently. This increased attention is the result of greater ease of travel, allowing displaced persons to flee to nations far removed from their homes, the creation of an international legal structure of human rights, and the realizations that the destabilizing effects of forced migration, especially in parts of Africa, the Middle East, south and central Asia, ripple out well beyond the immediate region.
Disaster Management in Bangladesh: Risk Reduction and ChallengesSajid Karim
Presentation will address the following
Disaster Vulnerability of Bangladesh
Disaster Management Mechanism in Bangladesh
Disaster Risk Reduction Strategies of Bangladesh
Challenges and Recommendations
Terrorism is on the rise is the past decade. It results not only in loss of dear ones, loss and damage to property but also deeply impacts the economy of the country and the world both in the short and long runs. This presentation talks about the impact of terrorism on the Indian Economy.
Challenges and Perspective of Disaster ManagementRutuja Chudnaik
Challenges and Perspective of Disaster Management,Disaster- An Introduction,The cost and consequences of disasters, Development and natural disasters, Disaster Risk Reduction, Disaster Management Cycle, Disaster management in India, Natural Disaster – Droughts, Drought: causes and effects, Impact of drought: Indian scenario, Drought disaster challenges and mitigation in India, Drought assessment: tools and techniques, Drought management and challenges, Drought management framework in India, Conclusion.
This presentation is a follow-up to the presentation entitled "Migration". It is aimed at lower school students and is inadequate for students preparing for major examinations. It looks at what urbanization is and what causes it.
Here I've shown statistics of some major disasters in Bangladesh. Also discussed how those disasters were managed. And last show some possible steps which can reduce the impact of the disaster.
deals with basic consept related to linkages in between Globalization and the degradation of the environment.
also suggests possible options to meet the chalange of environmental degradation in globalized environment
Forced migration has accompanied persecution, as well as war, throughout human history but has only become a topic of serious study and discussion relatively recently. This increased attention is the result of greater ease of travel, allowing displaced persons to flee to nations far removed from their homes, the creation of an international legal structure of human rights, and the realizations that the destabilizing effects of forced migration, especially in parts of Africa, the Middle East, south and central Asia, ripple out well beyond the immediate region.
Disaster Management in Bangladesh: Risk Reduction and ChallengesSajid Karim
Presentation will address the following
Disaster Vulnerability of Bangladesh
Disaster Management Mechanism in Bangladesh
Disaster Risk Reduction Strategies of Bangladesh
Challenges and Recommendations
Terrorism is on the rise is the past decade. It results not only in loss of dear ones, loss and damage to property but also deeply impacts the economy of the country and the world both in the short and long runs. This presentation talks about the impact of terrorism on the Indian Economy.
Challenges and Perspective of Disaster ManagementRutuja Chudnaik
Challenges and Perspective of Disaster Management,Disaster- An Introduction,The cost and consequences of disasters, Development and natural disasters, Disaster Risk Reduction, Disaster Management Cycle, Disaster management in India, Natural Disaster – Droughts, Drought: causes and effects, Impact of drought: Indian scenario, Drought disaster challenges and mitigation in India, Drought assessment: tools and techniques, Drought management and challenges, Drought management framework in India, Conclusion.
Environmental refugees: Searching for the hauntIARI, NEW DELHI
Environmental refugees are the people,
who can no longer access a secure
livelihood in their motherlands because of
e n v i r o n m e n t a l c a l a m i t i e s l i k e
d e s e r t i c a t i o n , c l o u d b u r s t i n g ,
deforestation, ooding, tsunami,
e r o s i o n , l a n d s l i d i n g a n d o t h e r
environmental problems, together with
the associated problems of population
pressures and prevalent poverty.
population development and environment is not directly linked but yet there is a indirect complex relationship between population development/ activities and environment for example urbanization, slums , mega cities emerge and the use of natural resources mush faster then they replanish
Understanding Extreme Climatic Events for Economic Development in Kenya Julius Huho
Kenya is an agri-based economy that heavily relies on rainfall performance. Unfortunately, changes in rainfall patterns have threatened the agricultural sector since it is largely rain-fed. The frequent occurrence and increased severity of climatic extremes, particularly droughts and floods, have led to slow economic development in the affected areas. However, the impacts on the economy vary from one hydrometeorological disaster to the other depending on their characteristics. From the case studies of Laikipia and Bunyala subcounties in Kenya, the study established an increasing trend in both the frequency and magnitude of floods and droughts. Prolonged and severe flood and drought events had adverse impacts on economic development through (a) decrease in agricultural production, (b) poor prices for livestock and agricultural produce and (c) destruction of the immediate environment which in turn exacerbate the impacts. An inverse relationship between economic development and the magnitude of the disaster was established. The consequence have been increased poverty levels in the areas due to slow economic development.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
4. What is Environmental Migration?
According to the Kognity textbook, natural disasters cover a broad range of events that
can lead to permanent or temporary displacement. Earthquakes, volcanoes, floods and
droughts are all natural disasters that displace populations. This is environmental
migration, a form of forced migration.
The last full assessment of environmental refugees was in 1995 when there were 25
million displaced by environmental events, showing that this is a growing cause
6. Key Terms
Environmental Migrants are defined as “persons or groups of persons who,
predominantly for reasons of sudden or progressive changes in the environment that
adversely affect their lives or living conditions, are obliged to leave their habitual
homes, or choose to do so, either temporarily or permanently, and who move within
their country or abroad.”
Internally Displaced People are those leaving their home due to conflicts or natural
disasters.
7. Key Terms
Forced Migration is the movement of people from an area where the push factors are so
strong that they are beyond the control of the migrants and cannot be ignored.
Climate Refugees/Climate Migrants are a subset of environmental migrants who were
forced to flee due to sudden or gradual alterations in the natural environment.
9. General Overview
At the end of 2019, around 5.1 million people in 95 countries and territories were living in
displacement as a result of disasters that happened not only in 2019, but also in previous years.
(IDMC, 2020a). The countries with the highest number of internally displaced persons were
Afghanistan (1.2 million); India (590,000); Ethiopia (390,000), Philippines (364,000) and
Sudan (272,000).
10. Sudan
There were 2.1 million people living in displacement in the country as of the end of 2019.
Ongoing violence, particularly in Darfur, and disasters, predominantly flooding, also trigger
significant new displacement every year.
11. Darfur, Sudan Conflict
A separate conflict that remained unresolved centred on the Darfur region in Western Sudan.
The conflict began in 2003 when rebels launched an insurrection to protest what they
contended was the Sudanese government’s disregard for the western region and its non-Arab
population.
In response, the government equipped and supported Arab militias—which came to be known
as Janjaweed —to fight against the rebels in Darfur. The militias, however, also terrorized the
civilians in the region and prevented international aid organizations from delivering much-
needed food and medical supplies.
12. Sudan’s Environmental Conditions
Sudan is very arid and large parts of the country are
considered drought-prone. This has had devastating
humanitarian consequences because more than 82 percent
of people live in rural areas and are largely dependent on
rain-fed subsistence agriculture and animal husbandry for
their livelihoods. These climatic conditions have overlapped
with conflict and economic and political instability to create
extremely high levels of food insecurity.
13. The Environmental Issues
There are three main environmental issues going in Darfur,
Sudan:
➢ Water resources and vegetation.
➢ Long-term processes of environmental degradation and
increasing scarcity.
➢ Climate change.
14. Water Resources and Vegetation
According to a Famine Early Warning Network climate analysis,
Darfur in western Sudan has experienced a 10-20 per cent decrease in
long-rains since the mid-1970s. Between the 1960s and late 2011 the
area receiving adequate rainfall (500 mm) had been reduced by 18
per cent due to the reduced rainfall trend.
In these semi-arid and dry sub-humid zones, rain-fed agriculture is
already tenuous due to the seasonality of rainfall, intermittent dry
spells and frequent drought years.
16. Environmental Degradation and Increasing Scarcity.
Darfur has experienced significant growth in population over recent decades, from just over 1m
people in the mid-1950s to around 6.5m in the early 2000s. The marked increase in population
density since the mid-1970s has put pressure on both sedentary and pastoralist livelihood
systems:
The increase in population density intensifies cropping and grazing which means shorter fallow
periods for fields and overgrazed rangeland. These processes cause a deterioration in yields
and carrying capacities. Larger areas are needed to support the same yields and herds, but
demands and herds are increasing. Herders and farmers compete for access to resources,
leading to conflict.
17.
18. Climate Change
Rainfall records from El Fasher show a marked drop beginning with drought in 1972. Although
there were a number of wet years in the 1990s, climate change models differ on whether recovery
will continue, or whether the overall trend will be further drying. More significantly, droughts have
become more frequent: 16 of the 20 driest years recorded have occurred since 1972.
Climate change models also predict a reduction in the length of the growing period. Parts of North
Darfur will see a reduction of more than 20% between 2000 and 2020, with similar reductions
across nearly all of Darfur by 2050. This will have a considerable impact on livelihoods and food
security.
19.
20. Obstacles during Migration
❏ Experiences of exploitation, discrimination and physical violence on the journey.
❏ Most experienced some form of detention, where they can be beaten, tortured
and deprived of basic necessities.
❏ They can be detained officially as undocumented migrants, or by smugglers,
traffickers or militia, before risking their lives crossing the Mediterranean in unsafe
boats.
❏ Access to services and assistance is again restricted.
22. Solutions
❏ Within Europe, policies of deterrence and containment are driven by the desire to curb
migration.
❏ The Khartoum Process and bilateral agreements between European governments and
Libya or the Sudanese government have effectively externalised border control to
these countries.
❏ European support to the Libyan coastguard is designed to prevent migrants from
making the sea crossing.
❏ Engagement with the government of Sudan on migration management and funding
available under the Khartoum Process aim to stem irregular migration from the Horn of
Africa.
23. Resources
Jaspars, S., & Buchanan-Smith, M. (2018). Dafuri migartion from Sudan to Europe. Retrieved
2020, from https://www.odi.org/sites/odi.org.uk/files/resource-documents/12384.pdf
https://na.unep.net/geas/newsletter/Nov_11.php
https://odihpn.org/magazine/environmental-degradation-and-conflict-in-darfur-implications-
for-peace-and-recovery/
“Conflict in Darfur.” Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.,
www.britannica.com/place/Sudan/Conflict-in-Darfur.
Reuters, New Scientist and. “Darfur Crisis Is Stripping the Environment.” New Scientist, 10 Dec.
2008, www.newscientist.com/article/dn16248-darfur-crisis-is-stripping-the-environment/.
“Sudan.” IDMC, www.internal-displacement.org/countries/sudan.
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Editor's Notes
The European approach does little to address the root causes of forced migration of Darfuris to Europe, particularly the systemic persecution of particular ethnic groups.
