Waterborne diseases are caused by microbes that are present in water as a result of inadequate water treatment. Bacteria, viruses, and protozoa can cause illnesses through drinking contaminated water, direct contact, or contact with contaminated surfaces. Symptoms include abdominal discomfort, fever, vomiting, and diarrhea. Treatment depends on the pathogen but may include rehydration, antibiotics, or antiparasitic drugs. Proper hygiene and water treatment can help reduce risks.