Waterborne diseases are illnesses resulting from drinking water contaminated with pathogens, primarily from human or animal feces, and include diseases like cholera, typhoid, and various diarrheal illnesses. Additionally, water-related diseases arise from insect vectors near contaminated water, while water-washed diseases stem from poor hygiene practices. The document discusses how climate change, particularly rising temperatures and extreme weather events, can lead to an increase in waterborne diseases, highlighting the importance of understanding pathogen ecology for effective prevention strategies.

1. WATERBORNE DISEASES
PRESENTED BY:
Srutisudha Mohanty
2014MSES018
Department of Environmental Science

2. What is waterborne diseases?
• Water-borne diseases are any illness caused
by drinking water contaminated by human or
animal faeces, which contain pathogenic
microorganisms.

3. Classification of diseases related to
water
Water-borne
Diseases
Water-based
Diseases
Water-washed
Diseases
Water-related
Diseases

4. • Diseases caused by ingestion of water contaminated by
human or animal excrement, which contain pathogenic
microorganisms.
• Include cholera, typhoid, amoebic and bacillary
dysentery and other diarrheal diseases.
Water-borne Diseases
Diarrheal Diseases
 Giardiasis (Protozoan)
 Cryptosporidiosis (Bacteria)
 Campylobacteriosis (Bacteria)
 Shigellosis (Bacteria)
 Viral Gastroenteritis (Virus)
 Cyclosporiasis (Parasite)

5. • In addition, water-borne disease can be caused by the
pollution of water with chemicals that have an adverse effect
on health

7. Diarrheal Disease Pathways

8. Water-related Diseases
• Water-related diseases are caused by insect vectors,
especially mosquitoes, that breed or feed near
contaminated water.
• They are not typically associated with lack of access to
clean drinking water or sanitation services
• Include dengue, filariasis, malaria, onchocerciasis,
trypanosomiasis and yellow fever

9. Water-washed Diseases
• Diseases caused by poor personal hygiene and skin and eye
contact with contaminated water.
• These include scabies, trachoma, typhus, and other flea, lice
and tick-borne diseases.
Water-based Diseases
• Diseases caused by parasites found in intermediate
organisms living in contaminated water.
• Includes Schistosomiasis and Dracunculiasis

11. LIST OF
DISEASES

12. • Local temperature
Replication in the environment or associated with food
products
Persistence
• Local rainfall
Loading into the environment (contamination)
Increased concentration of contaminants (drought)
• Sea level rise
Influx of marine pathogens
Flooding (storm surge), contamination
HOW CLIMATE CAN INFLUENCE WATER
BORN DISEASE TRENDS

14. (A CASE STUDY)

15. • Vibrio are commonly estuarine and marine bacteria and
include at least 12 known pathogens to humans
• V. vulnificus
• V. parahaemolyticus
• V. cholerae
• In general, this group replicates easily in natural waters
and biota, especially under high temperatures
• Directly related to increasing water temperatures
Vibrio spp.

16. :Lobitz et al., 2000
Fig.3.Bay of Bengal Sea Surface
Temperatures for 1993 Fig. 6. Cholera cases (solid
line), SST (dashed), and
SSH (dotted) data for
September, 1992–1995. In
1994 and 1995, cholera
cases followed the SST
cycle; however,
in spring, 1993, SSH was
the lowest for this period.

17. • Climate projections for increased
warming and increased extreme events
suggest waterborne diseases may
increase.
• Mitigation and adaptation will be
enhanced by understanding the ecology
of pathogens.

20. GLOBAL LEVEL PREVENTION

21. COMMUNITY LEVEL PREVENTION
INDIVIDUAL LEVEL PREVENTION