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1. Importance of cleanliness in life
Dr Santosh Rai
BDS

2. Importance of cleanliness in
life

3. Importance of cleanliness in
life
Cleanliness is not a necessity or isolated
event. It is a way of life. Being aware of how
to maintain cleanliness is very important.
Habits learned in early phase of life stays
implanted in our mind.
Being clean and green is a lifestyle we need to
adapt for a healthy life.

4. Importance of cleanliness in
life
Cleanliness include personal hygiene as well as
sanitation in the area we live in.

5. HYGIENE
DEFINITION :- Hygiene refers to conditions
and practices that help to maintain health
and prevent the spread of diseases.
Personal hygiene is directly related to health.
Hygienic practices are key to good health.

6. Spread of diseases
 Water borne disease

7. Spread of diseases

8. Spread of diseases

9. Spread of diseases

10. Spread of diseases

11. PERSONAL HYGIENE
 HANDS:The world around us swarms with micro-
organisms. Our hands most frequntly come in
contact with environment, hence they possess a
whole array of bacteria.
 Wash hands thoroughly with soap and water
before and after every meal and after visiting the
toilet.
 Soaping and rinsing should cover the areas
between fingers, nails and back of the hand.
 Hands should be dried with a clean towel after
wash.The towel at the wash stand has to be
washed and changed everyday.

12. PERSONAL HYGIENE
HANDS
HANDS
 While handling food avoid
scratching, or touching the
ears, nose, mouth or other
body orifices. If you need
to use a handkerchief or
tissue, wash your hands
after that. Keep your nails
short.

13. PERSONAL HYGIENE
 NAILS:For horny, largely vestigial growths at the tips
of your fingers, they are pretty important. For
reasons of hygiene and for the multi million dollar
cosmetic industry.
 Grow nails only if you can keep them clean. (Sridhar
Chillal has clawed himself into the Guinness Book of
World records with nails on each finger of his left
hand measuring about 3½ feet.).
 Clip nails short, along their shape.
 Soak your hands in warm water for ten minutes,
massaging of hands, thorough cleaning and shaping
of nails.

14. PERSONAL HYGIENE
 FEET:Give your feet a good scrub when
having a bath. Dry after bath between toes.
 Keep toenails clipped.
 Those who use shoes constantly need to slip
them off now and then.
 Give importance to wearing comfort in the
choice of footwear.
 Extra foot care is required for diabetics.

15. PERSONAL HYGIENE
 HAIR:Wash your hair at least once a week
using soap or mild shampoo.
 Brush your hair three to four times a day with
a soft bristled brush or a wide toothed comb.
 Oil the scalp

16. PERSONAL HYGIENE
 SKIN:Soap and water are essential for
keeping the skin clean. A good bath once or
twice a day is recommended.
 A mild soap will do the job adequately.
Germicidal or antiseptic soaps are not
essential for the daily bath.
 Wash off well after soaping. Drying with a
clean towel is important. Avoid sharing soaps
and towels.

17. PERSONAL HYGIENE
 TEETH:Brush teeth twice a day and rinse well after
every meal.
 Brushing before going to bed is important.
 While brushing, pay attention to the fact that you
are getting rid of the food particles stuck in between
the teeth and in the crevices of the flatter teeth at
the back, the molars and pre molars.
 Brush down on the upper teeth and brush up on the
lower teeth.
 Use a circular motion.
 Pay attention to the tongue and the inner surface of
teeth as well.

18. PERSONAL HYGIENE
 MENSTURAL HYGEINE: Mainly psychological
as taboo related to the period.
 Sanitary pad and other measures.
 TSS

19. SANITATION

20. SANITATION
 It means maintaining healthy environment and public
hygiene.
 Improper sewage and waste disposal leads to water
pollution which causes adverse effect on public health.
 Causes most of the diseases spread by oro fecal route.
Human excreta have been implicated in the transmission of
many infectious diseases including cholera, typhoid,
infectious hepatitis, polio, cryptosporidiosis, and ascariasis.
 Undernutrition, pneumonia, worm infestations, are also
associated with unsafe water, poor sanitation and hygiene
resulting in reduced physical growth, weakened physical
fitness and impaired cognitive function, particularly for
children under the age of five.

21. Improper handling of sewage

22. DISEASES CAUSED BY POLLUTED
WATER
Diarrhoea
 Diarrhoea remains the most prevalent water
related disease in India. It mostly affects
children under the age of 5and often leads to
death.
 Diarrhoeal infection is spread through food
and drinking water that has been
contaminated.
 Diarrhoea can spread through multiple
viruses that is found in contaminated water.

23. DISEASES CAUSED BY POLLUTED
WATER
Cholera
 Thousands of people fall prey to cholera every
year in India.
 Cholera is a water related disease, and is
diarrhoeal in nature.
 Cholera strikes when one ingests water that is
infested with theVibrio Cholerae bacterium.
 Symptoms of cholera include watery bowels and
fever in certain cases.
 Cholera can happen to both children and adults

24. DISEASES CAUSED BY POLLUTED
WATER
Amoebiasis (Traveller’s Diarrhea)
 One of the most common diseases caused by
water pollution is amoebiasis. Water
contaminated by amoeba can cause infection
to the large intestine as well as the liver.
Symptoms can range from mild to severe
diarrhea with blood and mucus.

25. DISEASES CAUSED BY POLLUTED
WATER
Malaria
 Malaria is a disease caused by parasites, which
are spread by female mosquitos called
Anopheles. Mosquitos breed in water, and when
they bite a person infected with malaria, they
can spread the infection to other people.
 Symptoms of malaria include fever, headache
and shivering. In severe cases, it can even lead to
complications like pneumonia, severe anemia,
coma and death.

26. DISEASES CAUSED BY POLLUTED
WATER
Filariasis
 Filariasis is a parasitic disease and affects people
who live near unsanitary water bodies or
sewages.
 Filariasis is spread by mosquitoes that breeds in
fresh and stagnant water bodies and is the host
of the filarial nematode worm.This worm affects
humans and leads to elephantitis.
 Filariasis can lead to blindness, and rapid skin
pigmentation and the filarial worms can affects
various parts of the body

27. DISEASES CAUSED BY POLLUTED
WATER
Japanese Encephalitis
 Japanese encephalitis is a water related disease
that is caused by the CulexTritaeniorhynchus
and CulexVishnui type of mosquitoes.
 These mosquitoes’ favourite breeding ground is
water flooded paddy fields.Therefore, Japanese
encephalitis is majorly found in the agricultural
regions of India.
 The symptoms of Japanese encephalitis include
fever, vomiting, headaches and in acute cases,
coma, seizures and finally death.

28. DISEASES CAUSED BY POLLUTED
WATER
Hepatitis A
 This infectious disease affects the liver and is
caused by the hepatitis A virus.
 It usually spreads by the fecal-oral route, by
ingestion of contaminated water or food, or
by direct contact with an infected person.
 Hepatitis A infection is a self-limiting disease
that does not lead to chronic infection/liver
disease.

29. DISEASES CAUSED BY POLLUTED
WATER
Lead Poisoning
 Water contaminated with lead coming from
old pipes can cause lead poisoning, one of the
serious diseases caused by water pollution.
Children are at risk since chronic exposure to
this metal can cause a number ofhealth
problems, including organ damage.
 This can lead to nervous system disorders,
anemia, high blood pressure, kidney disease
and problems with the reproductive system

30. DISEASES CAUSED BY POLLUTED
WATER
Polyomavirus Infection
 The name polyoma refers to the viruses' ability
to produce multiple (poly-) tumors (-oma).
Polyomavirus are tumor viruses that affect
animals and humans.
 Polyomavirus infection is caused by two types
of viruses BK and JC virus, which can be
transmitted through different routes, including
food and water (fecal-oral route), sexual contact,
through air, surfaces, blood, etc. Many people
(up to 80%) have antibodies to these viruses

31. DISEASES CAUSED BY POLLUTED
WATER
Polio (Infantile Paralysis)
 Poliomyelitis is an acute viral infection caused by
poliovirus, which spreads through the fecal-oral-
route.The virus is passed through water from the
feces of an infected individual.
 Symptoms: Most people who get the virus have
no symptoms but in affected individuals, the
virus enters the blood stream and damages the
nervous system, causing weakness and paralysis.
Initial symptoms include fever, headache, and
seizures, followed by paralysis

32. DISEASES CAUSED BY POLLUTED
WATER
Arsenicosis
 This condition is caused by chronic exposure
to small amounts of arsenic found in
drinking-water.
 Symptoms include painful skin lesions
(keratosis), which can progress into cancer. It
can also affect your lungs, kidneys
andbladder. Millions of people are at risk of
arsenic poisoning from contaminated water
supplies from natural sources

33. DISEASES CAUSED BY POLLUTED
WATER
IntestinalWorms
 Parasitic intestinal worms
(helminthes/roundworms, whipworms and/or
hookworms) can be transmitted through
contaminated food and soil contaminated
with human feces.
 It is estimated that up to 10 percent of the
population, mostly children, has intestinal
worms that can cause anemia, malnutrition,
or growth retardation

34. DISEASES CAUSED BY POLLUTED
WATER
Trachoma (Eye Infection)
 This infection spreads through poor hygiene
and sanitation caused by the lack of adequate
safe water supply. It is more likely to affect
women and children. Approximately 6 million
people with trachoma have developed
blindness. Studies show that providing
people with adequate water supply can
significantly reduce infection rates.

35. DISEASES CAUSED BY POLLUTED
WATER
Typhoid Fever
 This common bacterial infection affects
around 12 million people annually.
 It is caused by the ingestion of contaminated
food and water.
 Symptoms include nausea, loss of appetite,
andheadache

36. Total sanitation

37. Sanitation value chain

38. Challenges

39. Proper disposal of home
waste

40. Proper disposal of
biomedical waste

41. Proper disposal of home
waste

42. Noble message

45. Thank you