In this notes cover the two topics the one is Graphic Organizer and the second is Pre writing skills. The one topic is cover into the book.

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Islamia University of Bahawalpur
ENGLISH LANGUAGE
Instructor Name: Saniah Saleem
Class: BBA (HONS) First Semester 2018
Department of Management Sciences
Graphic organizer
Graphic organizer: A graphic organizer is a visual and graphic display that explores the
relationships between facts, terms, and or ideas within a learning task. Graphic organizers are
also sometimes referred to as knowledge maps, concept maps, story maps, cognitive organizers,
advance organizers, or concept diagrams.
1. Descriptive or Thematic Map: Works well for mapping generic information.
2. Organizing a hierarchical: This is set of information, reflecting super ordinate or
subordinate elements, is made easier by constructing a Network Tree.

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3. Spider Map: When the information relating to a main idea or theme does not fit into a
hierarchy, a Spider Map can help with organization.
4. Problem and Solution Map: When information contains cause and effect problems and
solutions, a Problem and Solution Map can be useful for organizing.
5. Problem-Solution Outline: A Problem-Solution Outline helps students to compare
different solutions to a problem.

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6. Comparative and Contrastive Map: A Comparative and Contrastive Map can help
students to compare and contrast two concepts according to their features.
7. Cycle Map: A Cycle Map is useful for organizing information that is circular or cyclical,
with no absolute beginning or ending.
8. Human Interaction Outline: A Human Interaction Outline is effective for organizing
events in terms of a chain of action and reaction.

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Pre- writing Skill:
Prewriting is the first stage of the writing process, typically followed by drafting revision, editing
and publishing. Prewriting can consist of a combination of outlining diagramming, clustering and
use the journalist question.
In the pre- writing adding:
ER/EST: Quick: Quicker: Quickest
ING/ED: Work: Working: Worked
LY: Loud: Loudly
S: Dog: Doges
IBLE/ABLE: Visible: Networkable
IE/EI: Friend: Freight
Types of the pre- writing skill:
1. Brainstorming: Ti listening the idea and information, in which a person writing down
the various idea and make it something new it is common form of prewriting.
2. Clustering: It is idea mapping and mind mapping of the one person. This is a approach
that allows the writer explore the connection and relationship between ideas.
3. Free writing: A process of writing nonstop and generation lots of information by
focusing on a specific topic.
4. Looping: A free witting technique that permits you to gradually focus your ideas in try to
discover a writing topic. To write quickly and don’t edit the one point and don’t stop to
write.
5. Asking Question: A good way to start the some story to discuss the one point and start
the new topic. Before start the one topic start question to the related topic.
6. Making a list: Make your outline, and agenda of your topics.