This document provides definitions and examples of different parts of speech in English including nouns, verbs, and objects. It defines common nouns, proper nouns, concrete nouns, abstract nouns, material nouns, and collective nouns. For verbs it defines transitive verbs, intransitive verbs, linking verbs, auxiliary verbs, and modal verbs. It also discusses vocabulary building, business English abbreviations and acronyms, definitions of objects, and participles.

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Islamia University of Bahawalpur
ENGLISH LANGUAGE
Instructor Name: Saniah Saleem
Class: BBA (HONS) First Semester 2018
Department of Management Sciences
Noun
A word like dog, teacher, America, Table etc. A noun is the name of an objects, concept person
or place.
1. Common Noun: Common noun refers to common, everyday or thing.
Example: The dog sleeps in own bed
Friends are crazy about the trip.
2. Proper Noun: Refer to specific things that are unique or have name.
Example: In 2001n hollowed day fall on Wednesday.
3. Concrete Noun: Something that you can touch.
Example: Sing, Smell, Touch, Hearing, Sight.
4. Abstract Noun: That you cannot see or touch.
Example: Happiness, Sadness, Discussion
5. Material Noun: Is the name of the material or substance or an ingredient.
Example: Cotton dress is cheap.
Plastic is for ordinary use.
6. Collective Noun: Is very special type of word, it is name of any place, people and things that
consist of a group, name of group of things.
Example: Group of animals, just like a discussion work in group.

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7. Compound Noun: That is made with two or more words.
Example:
Verb
The part of speech that express existence, action in more language. The words belonging to this
part of speech. A word likes to work, to being. A verb can describe action or state.
Main Verb Auxiliary Verb
They called principal words Theses verb are used together with the main
As like Throw, Back, Play, verb of the sentences to complete the one
Sleep and Sing statement or action. Used to help simple verb
Make negative, integrative sentences & tenses
Main verb + Auxiliary verb = Complete idea
Auxiliary verbs: are, is, am, was, were etc

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Auxiliary verbs
Primary Verb Modal Verb
Is the basic subject of the study In which has ability
Offer & possibilities
Example of modal auxiliary verb: can, could, may must, might, will, should, must.
Example of primary auxiliary verb: be, do & have are use these three verb are as
helping verb or main verb. (I am student, main verb)
Types of verb:
1. Transitive Verb: That required a grammatical objective in order and used with a direct
object.
Example: She is make hats, the verb like and makes a transitive order.
She wrote a letter.
2. Intransitive Verb: In which involve some action but without a direct object.
Example: A verb construction that does not take time.
3. Linking Verb: Is connected to the subject for completion.
Example: The food smell is good.
4. Auxiliary Verb: That is used a main verb. Be, Do and have are auxiliary verb and can
must etc are auxiliary modal.
5. Mod Verb: The auxiliary verb like can, may, must that modifies he mod verb and
express a possibility.
Example: Can, could etc

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Vocabulary building
That are refer to the words we must know to communicate effectively in reading, writing,
speaking, and listing.
Improve your vocabulary building:
1. Read, read and read
2. Keep a dictionary and thesaurus handy
3. Use a journal
4. Learn a word a day
5. Go back to your root
6. Play some games
7. Engage in conversation
Business English Vocabulary:
Abbreviation and Acronyms
Words Meaning
@ at
a/c account
AGM Annual general meeting
a.m. Ante meridiem (before noon)
p.m. Post meridiem
AOB Any other business
ASAP As soon as possible
ATM Automatic teller machine (cash dispenser)
ATTN For the attention of

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Approx Approximately
Cc Carbon copy
CEO Chief executive officer
c/o Care of (on letter: at the address of)
Co Company
Cm Centimeter
COD Cash on delivery
NASA National American Satellite Association
Definition of Abbreviation:
A shortened or constructed form of a word use in a place of whole like BBA, PM, HOD
Definition of Acronyms:
A word formed from the initial letter of a name such WAPDA, or combing initial letter or part of
series of words.

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Object
Definition of the object:
In the active voice, a noun or its equivalent that receives the action of the verb. In the passive
voice, a noun or its equivalent that does the action of the verb.
Example:
In the active voice:

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In passive voice:
Participle
The -ing & -ed forms of verb. The –ing is called the “present participle”. The –ed form is called
the “past participle” of the verb.