6. THE DISCIPLINE OF COUNSELING
Is a relationship characterized by the application of one or more
psychological theories and a recognized set of communication skills
appropriate to a client`s intimate concerns, problems, or aspirations.
COUNSELORS
Are professionally trained and certified to perform counseling.
Counselors and their Jobs
Provide advice
√ Provide guidance in decision emotionally significant
situation
7. COUNSELORS - In a wide ranges of areas of
expertise
√ marriage
√ family Other life transitions dealing with managing of issues of;
√ youth √ loss of death
√ students √ retirement
√ divorce
√ parenting
COUNSELING
√ As a discipline, it is allied to psychology and deals
with normal responses to normal responses to
normal life events, which may sometimes create
stress for some people who, in turn, choose to
ask for help and support.
8. Is a widely considered the heart of the guidance
services in schools.
COUNSELING
The process of guiding a person during a stage of life
when reassessments or decisions have to be made about
himself in his/her life course. – Collins Dictionary of
Sociology
Also utilizes appraisal and assessment to aid counseling by
gathering information about clients through the use of
psychological tests and non- psychometric devices.
9. Context and the basic concepts
Context
As defined by urie Bronfenbrenner (1977, 1979, 1986, 1988)
Context of Counseling
Peer as
context
Neighborhood
As Context
Culture as
Context
Counseling
as context
Success Factors
Client Factors Counselor Factors
Contextual Factors Process Factors
Developing Trust
Empowering into action
Helping to set goals
Helping into maintain
change
Agreeing when to end the
helping relationship
Exploring Problem Across
10. PEER AS CONTEXT
Fiends, attitudes, norms, behaviors have a strong influence
on adolescents.
NEIGHBORHOOD AS
CONTEXT
The interactions between the family and neighborhood
immediate context are also
Important to consider.
11. CULTURE AS CONTEXT
Provided meaning and coherence of life to any
Orderly life such as community or organization.
COUNSELING AS
CONTEXT
Regardless of a therapeutic approach
to use, the counseling situation itself is
a context.
12. VELLEMAN (2001) PRESENTS THE
FOLLOWING SIX STAGE:
1.Developing trust
2. Exploringproblemareas
3. Helpingtoget goals
4.Empoweringintoaction
5.Helpingtomaintainchange
6.Agreeingwhen toend thehelpingrelationship
13. GOALS AND SCOPE COUNSELING
Counseling is aimed at empowering a client. The general goal is
to lead an individual client or group to self-emancipation in
relation to a felt problem.
The scope of counseling is wide. Essentially, it involves
application of some psychological theories and recognized
communications skills.
14. PRINCIPLES OF COUNSELING
Since the objective of counseling is to provide support in dealing with
issues of concern, counseling is effective when it is performed with
clear objectives that include providing some degree of advice,
reassurance, release of emotional tension, clarified thinking, and
reorientation.
1.ADVICE-Counseling may involve advice giving as one of the several functions that
counselors perform.
2. REASSURANCE - Counseling involves providing clients with reassurance, which is
always of giving them courage to face a problem or confidence that are pursuing a
suitable course of action.
3. RELEASE OF EMOTIONAL TENSION
Counseling provides clients the opportunity to get emotional release from their pent-
up frustration and other personal issues.
15. 4. CLARIFIED THINKING
Clarified thinking tends to take while the counselor and counselee are talking and therefore
becomes a logical emotional release.
5. REORIENTATION
Involves a change in the client`s emotional self through a change in basic goals and aspirations.
6. LISTENING SKILLS
Attentively to clients is the counselor attempt to understand both the content of the clients`
problem as they see it, and the emotions they are experiencing related to the problem.
7. RESPECT
In all circumstances, clients must be treated with respect, no matter how peculiar,
strange, disturbed, weird or utterly different from the counselor.
8. EMPATHY and POSITIVE REGARD
Carl Rogers combined empathy and positive regard as two principles that should go
along with respect and effective listening skills.
9. CLARIFICATION, CONFRONTATION AND INTERPRETATION
Is an attempt by the counselor to restate what the client is either saving or feeling.
10. TRANSFERENCE AND COUNTERTRANSFERENCE
When clients are helped to understand transference reactions, they are empowered to gain
understanding of important aspects of their emotional life.
16. CORE VALUES OF COUNSELING
Certain values are considered core to counseling and are reflected
and expressed in the practice of counseling.
1. Respect for human dignity
2. Partnership
3. Autonomy
4. Responsible caring
5. Personal integrity
6. Social justice
21. CHOOSE A PARTNER AND YOU ARE GOING TO
PLAYED/ PRACTICE A COUNSELING SESSION.
22. QUESTION:
IF YOU HAVE A FRIEND WHO`S THINKING OF
DROPPING OR CUTTING CLASSES FROM YOUR CLASS,
HOW WILL YOU HELP HIM/HER USING THE DIFFERENT
CONCEPTS OF COUNSELING?
23. Give the core values of counseling
and the importance of these to the
field and its members.
Give the five context and the basic
concepts of counselor
24. SHORT QUIZ: IN ½ SHEET OF PAPER
1.Define counseling in two to three sentences.
2. Give at least Five Context and the basic
concepts of counseling.
3.Give at least Five Principles of Counseling.
4. Give at least Six Core Values of Counseling.
25. ASSIGNM
ENT:
Prepare a group demonstration of a situation in which
practitioners of counseling work together to assist
individuals, groups or communities involved in difficult
situations which will be presented next week.
Time allotment: 10 mins.
GROUP 1: POST DISASTER
GROUP 2. SEPARATION OF PARENTS
GROUP 3. CYBER BULLYING
