Counseling involves a personal relationship between a professionally trained counselor and client aimed at meeting needs and problems. The goals of counseling include development, prevention, enhancement, remediation, exploration, reinforcement, cognitive, physiological, and psychological goals. Counseling covers personal, social, cognitive, behavioral, psychological, emotional, spiritual, health, and occupational aspects, but not clinical cases requiring medication/psychotherapy. Core values include respecting human dignity, partnership, autonomy, responsible caring, personal integrity, and social justice. Principles include reassurance, releasing tension, respect, empathy, clarified thinking, reorientation, listening skills, clarification/confrontation/interpretation, and transference/countertransference.

1. The Discipline of
Counseling
Disciplines and Ideas
in the applied Social
Sciences
Jocelyn L. De Castro
San Pablo 2nd National High School Lubao

2. Definitions
Scopes
Goals
Core Values
and Principles

3. identify the
goals and
scope of
counseling
(12-1b3)
demonstrate
comprehension
of the principles
of counseling(12-
1B4)
discuss the
core values
of
counseling
(12-1B5

4. Some Definitions of Counseling
According to Dinkmeyer (1966) it
is a personal relationship
between a professionally trained
counselor and someone who aims
to assist him to communicate and
meet his immediate needs and
problems.

5. Further, counseling is a
professional relationship that
empowers diverse individuals,
families, and groups to
accomplish mental health,
wellness, education, and career
goals.

6. Goals of Counseling:
According to Gibson and Mitchell
(2003), the following are the goals of
Counseling:
1. Development Goals—assist in
meeting or advancing the
client’s human growth and
development including social,
personal, emotional, cognitive,
and physical wellness.

7. 2. Preventive Goals—help the
client avoid some undesired
outcomes.
3. Enhancement Goals—enhance
special skills and abilities
4. Remedial Goals—assisting a
client to overcome and treat an
undesirable development

8. 5. Exploratory Goals—
examining of options, testing of
skills, trying new and different
activities.
6. Reinforcement Goals—help
clients in recognizing that what
they are doing, thinking, and
feeling is fine.

9. 7. Cognitive Goals—involve
acquiring the basic foundation
of learning and cognitive skills.
8. Physiological Goals—involve
acquiring the basic
understanding and habits for
good health.

10. 9. Psychological Goals—aid in
developing good social
interaction skills, learning
emotional control, and
developing positive self-concept.

11. The scope of counseling covers
various aspects of human life
including:
1. Personal (motivation, self-
esteem, interest, career choice,
etc.)
2. Social (relationship conflicts,
socialization, peer
relationships, etc.)

12. 3. Cognitive (study habits,
academic performance, irrational
thoughts, etc.)
4. Behavioral (absenteeism,
bullying, restlessness,
misbehavior, etc.)
5. Psychological (personality
development, stress, etc.)

13. 6. Emotional (anger
management issues,
phobias, mild anxiety, etc.)
7. Spiritual (spiritual
beliefs, guidance,
confusions, etc.)

14. 8. Health (wellness, life and
work balance, leisure, etc.)
9. Occupational (word and
career decisions, etc.)
However, counseling does not
deal with the CLINICAL CASES
such as mental illnesses,
requiring medication and
psychotherapy

15. Core Values of Counseling:
1. Respect for Human Dignity—
this means that the counselor
must provide a client
unconditional positive regard,
compassion, non-judgmental
attitude, empathy and trust.

16. 2. Partnership—counselor has to
foster partnership with the
various disciplines that come
together to support an
integrated healing that
encompasses various aspects
such as the physical, emotional,
spiritual and intellectual.

17. 3. Autonomy—this entails
respect for confidentiality and
trust in a relationship of
counseling and ensuring a safe
environment that is needed for
healing.

18. 4. Responsible Caring—means
respecting the potential of
every human being to change
and to continue learning
throughout his or her life, and
especially in the environment
of counseling

19. 5. Personal Integrity—
counselors must reflect
personal integrity,
honesty, and truthfulness
with clients.

20. 6.Social Justice—this means
accepting, and respecting the
diversity of the clients, the
diversity of individuals, their
cultures, languages, lifestyles,
identities, ideologies, intellectual
capacities, personalities, and
capabilities regardless of the
presented issues

21. PRINCIPLES OF COUNSELING
1. Reassurance—counseling
involves providing clients with
reassurance, which is a way of
giving them courage to face the
problem or confidence that they
are pursuing a suitable course of
action.

22. 2. Release of Emotional
Tension—counseling provides
clients the opportunity to get
emotional release from their
pent-up frustrations and other
personal issues.

23. 3. Respect—in all circumstances,
clients must be treated with
respect, no matter how peculiar,
strange , disturbed, weird, or utterly
different from the counselor.
4. Empathy and Positive Regard—
empathy requires the counselor to
listen and understand the feelings
and perspective of the client and
positive regard is an aspect of
respect.

24.  5. Clarified thinking—this tends to
take place while the counselor
and the counselee are talking and
therefore becomes a logical
emotional release.
6. Reorientation—this involves a
change in the client’s emotional
self through a change in basic
goals and aspirations.

25. 7. Listening Skills—listening
attentively to clients is the
counselor’s attempt to
understand both the content of
the clients’ problem as they see
it, and the emotions they are
experiencing related to the
problem

26.  8. Clarification, Confrontation, and
Interpretation—clarification is an attempt
by the counselor to restate what the client
is either saying or feeling, so the client
may learn something or understand the
issue better. Confrontation and
interpretation are more advanced
principles used by counselors in their
interventions.
 9. Transference and Countertransference—

27. Career opportunities in counseling
 School Setting
 school counselor
 guidance counselor
 teacher-counselor
 Consultant
 the clinical setting
 clinical counselor
 counseling therapist
 consultant
 behavioral counselor

28.  the industrial setting
 human resource officer
 trainer
 Industrial counselor
 Industrial consultant
 counselor rehabilitation center

29.  Specialties
 Mental Health Counselors
 These professionals help patients with mental and emotional
problems, including anxiety, depression, stress and low self-
esteem. They may also help people in crisis, such as those who are
considering suicide.

30.  Marriage and Family Counselors
 Marriage and family counselors help people improve their close marital and family
relationships. Although they may treat patients on an individual basis, the main focus is
on their relationships.


31. School Counselors
School counselors help
students with a variety
of issues, including
academic performance,
career decisions, social
problems such as peer
pressure, and family
relationships.

32. Career Counselors
Career counselors may work with
college students just beginning
their career paths, or with
established professionals who
want to advance in their current
career or begin a new one.


33. Substance Abuse Counselors
Substance abuse counselors
work with patients who are
struggling with drug and
alcohol addiction, helping
them adopt strategies to
cope with their problems and
promote recovery. They may
see patients on an individual
basis, as well as in groups.


34. Genetic Counselors
Counselors in this specialty
educate individuals and families
about genetic disorders and birth
defects, evaluate couples on the
risks of passing down inherited
conditions, and provide emotional
support to those facing difficult
conditions or decisions.