Weed species distribution pattern in maize crop of mardan, pakistan
•
0 likes•251 views
Weeds are unwanted plant species growing in the domesticated crops. Like other crops maize also faces the problem of competition with weeds. Severe loses in yield up to 70% of maize have been reported in small scale farming due to weeds. Composition and abundance of weeds is influenced by a number of environmental variables as well as farming practices in an ecosystem. Present study was formulated to measure the effect of environmental variables on weed species composition, abundance, distribution pattern and formation of various weeds communities in District Mardan, Pakistan. Phytosociological attributes such as density, frequency, relative density, relative frequency and Importance Values were measured for each field.Presence absence data of 29 species and 65 fields were analyzed using Cluster and Two Way Cluster Analyses via PC-ORD version 5 that resulted in four major weed communities. CANOCO software version 4.5 was used to evaluate the environmental gradients of weeds through Canonical Correspondence Analyses (CCA). Results showed that among all environmental variables the strongest variables were CaCO3, high phosphorous concentration, and higher electric conductivity.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Download to read offline
Recommended
Weed species composition and distribution pattern in the maize crop under the...
Weeds are unwanted plant species growing in ordinary environment. In nature there are a total of 8000 weed species out of which 250 are important for agriculture world. The present study was carried out on weed species composition and distribution pattern with special reference to edaphic factor and farming practices in maize crop of District Mardan during the months of August and September, 2014. Quadrates methods were used to assess weed species distribution in relation to edaphic factor and farming practices. Phytosociological attributes such as frequency, relative frequency, density, relative density and Importance Values were measured by placing 9 quadrates (1 × 1 m2) randomly in each field. Initial results showed that the study area has 29 diverse weed species belonging to 27 genera and 15 families distributed in 585 quadrats. Presence and absence data sheet of 29 weed species and 65 fields were analyzed through PC-ORD version 5. Cluster and Two Way Cluster Analyses initiated four different weed communities with significant indicator species and with respect to underlying environmental variables using data attribute plots. Canonical Correspondence Analyses (CCA) of CANOCO software version 4.5 was used to assess the environmental gradients of weed species. It is concluded that among all the edaphic factors the strongest variables were higher concentration of potassium, organic matter and sandy nature of soil. CCA plots of both weed species and sampled fields based on questionnaire data concluded the farming practices such as application of fertilizers, irrigation and chemical spray were the main factors in determination of weed communities.
The formation of Maize Foundation Inbred Lines: Analysis in Different Perspec...
The formation of Maize Foundation Inbred Lines: Analysis in Different Perspec...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
Abstract— Maize breeding has made a greater contribution to the increases of maize yield. Maize foundation inbred lines play an irreplaceable role in maize breeding. The formation of foundation lines were the results of many factors, the key factors of which were accord with breeding trends, adapt to environment in much of region, and have appropriate representativeness for particular heterotic group. Foundation lines possess well structure of source and better yield stability, this contribute to their combinations with coordinated source-sink relationship and adapt to close planting. Foundation lines resist major stress factor and adapt to the cropping systems and cultural practices of main maize producing areas. And foundation lines concentrate numerous unique alleles of particular heterotic group, so they are easy to generate heterotic with lines from other heterotic group. For new foundation lines breeding, the existing foundation lines are preferred basic germplasm and cross breeding unites with pedigree selection is effective breeding method. Moreover, we give a integrate breeding method base on rapid advances in plant-breeding technology.Impact of Pesticides on Farmer’s Health of Western Odisha
Abstract— Agriculture is the basic need of human being to survive. Increase in human population, increases the food production. Largest areas are under rice cultivation. Rice plants were prone to attack by insect and pest. So, for its survival use of pesticide is necessary, but this had lead risk behaviour among rice farmers. The study was based on the farmers of Bargarh and Sundargarh District of Odisha regarding pesticide usage condition .100 farmers were interviewed from both the district, using questionnaire methods from February to April 2015. A questionnaire survey on personal history regarding agricultural labour, pesticide use and health history was conducted. Descriptive statistics was used for analysis of quantitative data. The most frequently used pesticides included organophosphates, carbamates. 2-3 times pesticide was applied after 15 days, after 1 month and also before the production time. Demographic data shows 87 respondents were male farmers rests were female farmers out of 100 respondents. Only 85 respondents were using sprayer for spraying pesticides out of 100 but 36 respondents were only using protective covers. 12 farmers only follow the instruction given on the pesticide container. 33 respondents have the knowledge of colour coding present in the pesticide bottle. Health symptom showed less frequently, in farmers using protective covers. Out of 100 respondents 58 had skin contact, 12 respondents suffer from eye irritation, and 28 respondents feel drowsiness after strong smell of pesticides while 31 farmers suffer from headache. Major factors of pesticide poisoning are due to lack of attention to safety precautions and lack of training before using of pesticide. So, training programme is necessary to improve safer pesticide behaviours, create more awareness among the farmers and also introduction of using bio pesticide instead of using pesticide.
Genetic Engineering Techniques in Fruit Science
Abstract— Today, fruit science have well been established in world trade networks and sophisticated cultural and postharvest technologies that allow fruits to be enjoyed throughout much of the year, instead of mere weeks per year like our ancestors experienced. Especially modern biotechnological methods including genetic engineering technologies have been taken part in breeding strategies of fruit crops. Several biotechnological methods can be applied to plant to have better ones in the process of fruit breeding. Genetic engineering is a powerful tool for plant improvement and has the potential to allow the integration of desirable characteristics into existing genomes. Transformation technology developed a path to transfer important genes into plant genome for enhancing resistance against fungal, viral pathogens, other pests, drought, and salinity as well as silencing undesirable genes and improvement in nutrient acquisition. Different gene transfer techniques could be employed for fruit species. As well as direct and indirect transformation, modern genome editing methods recently have been used in plant science. In this review, we illustrated how to use these technologies in fruit science.
Eco-floristic studies of the Beer Hills along the Indus River in the district...
The present study was conducted to elaborate vegetation composition structure to analyze role of edaphic and topographic factors on plant species distribution and community formation during 2013–14. A mixture of quadrat and transect methods were used. The size of quadrat for trees shrubs and herbs were 10 × 5, 5 × 2, 1 × 1 meter square respectively. Different phytosociological attribute were measured at each station. Primary results reported 123 plant species belong to 46 families. Asteraceae and Lamiaceae were dominant families with 8 species each. PCORD version 5 were used for Cluster and Two Way Cluster Analyses that initiated 4 plant communities within elevation range of 529–700 m from sea level. Indicator species analyses (ISA) were used to identify indicator species of each community. CANOCO Software (version 4.5) was used to measure the influence of edaphic and topographic variables on species composition, diversity and community formation. Whereas Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) was used to measure the effect of environmental variables which showed elevation and aspect were the stronger environmental variable among topographic and CaCO3 contents, electric conductivity, soil pH were the stronger edaphic factors in determination of vegetation and communities of the Bheer Hills. Grazing pressure was one of the main anthropogenic factors in this regard.
0728 Insect-Pest Dynamics and Arthropod Diversity in SRI and Conventional Met...
0728 Insect-Pest Dynamics and Arthropod Diversity in SRI and Conventional Met...SRI-Rice, Dept. of Global Development, CALS, Cornell University
Presenter: Ch. Padmavathi
Audience: 2nd National SRI Symposium, Agartala, India
Subject Country: IndiaDiversity of drought tolerance and seed yield in sunflower (Helianthus annuus...
Randomized complete block design with four replications in two drought and non-drought environments was used for this study. Drought resistance indices were calculated based on seed yield in stress and non-stress conditions. The results showed that GMP and STI were the best drought resistance indices so had the positive and significant correlation with Yp and Ys. Three dimensional graph showed that RFG5*AF80, G-543 and Farokh were the drought resistant hybrids. These hybrids had the highest amount of Yp, Ys, GMP and STI that revealed the highest yield potential as well as drought tolerance in these genotypes. Because of that these hybrids have promised potential to cultivate in drought prone environments. Regression analysis revealed that the traits grain filling rate, grain filling duration and water use efficiency accounted for 97.0% of total variation exist in seed yield. Path coefficient analysis demonstrated the highest and positive direct effect of grain filling rate and grain filling duration on seed yield in sunflower hybrids. Water use efficiency had low direct effect while high indirect effects via grain filling duration on seed yield. Therefore, the study revealed the importance of total grain filling rate and grain filling duration as indirect selection criteria for genetic improvement of seed yield in sunflower breeding programs especially in early generations. On the other hand, indirect effects of water use efficiency through grain filling duration on seed yield have promising result in selection programs. Get the full articles at: http://www.innspub.net/volume-6-number-5-may-2015-jbes/
Criteria for the Selection of Vegetable Growth-Promoting Bacteria to be appli...
Criteria for the Selection of Vegetable Growth-Promoting Bacteria to be appli...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
In order to define which are the most important criteria for the selection of plant Growth-Promoting bacterial strains of the Hibiscus sabdariffa L. crop (Roselle), bacterial strains isolated from the roots of Roselle plants of two varieties (Creole and Spider) were used, collected in the community of Río de los Peces, municipality of Candelaria Loxicha, Oaxaca and seeds of the same varieties. To characterize the varieties, the following were determined: total germination percentage (TGP), germination speed (GS), the root length(RL), the stem length (SL), the dry root biomass (DRB), the dry stem biomass (DSB) and the chlorophyll content (CC). Three types of LED lamps were used to illuminate the seedlings. The seeds inoculated with cells of six selected bacterial strains were grown in a greenhouse to determine: the stem length (SL) at 3, 45 and 65 days after sowing (das). The treatments were distributed under a completely random design and comparison of means (Tukey, p = 0.05). The TGP, DSB and DRB parameters were not useful in the selection process of the strains that promoted plant growth to a greater degree. The GS and SL to be considered safe criteria or not, what is important is the relationship of what happens at the time of germination and development of the seedlings in the laboratory and greenhouse. The SL of the plants in the greenhouse showed differences between strains, but not regarding the control and also only observed in the first days of development (3 das). The CC did not prove to be a good selection criterion either. The lamp composed of 15% white light, 27% blue light and 58% red light was the one that most promoted root growth.Recommended
Weed species composition and distribution pattern in the maize crop under the...
Weeds are unwanted plant species growing in ordinary environment. In nature there are a total of 8000 weed species out of which 250 are important for agriculture world. The present study was carried out on weed species composition and distribution pattern with special reference to edaphic factor and farming practices in maize crop of District Mardan during the months of August and September, 2014. Quadrates methods were used to assess weed species distribution in relation to edaphic factor and farming practices. Phytosociological attributes such as frequency, relative frequency, density, relative density and Importance Values were measured by placing 9 quadrates (1 × 1 m2) randomly in each field. Initial results showed that the study area has 29 diverse weed species belonging to 27 genera and 15 families distributed in 585 quadrats. Presence and absence data sheet of 29 weed species and 65 fields were analyzed through PC-ORD version 5. Cluster and Two Way Cluster Analyses initiated four different weed communities with significant indicator species and with respect to underlying environmental variables using data attribute plots. Canonical Correspondence Analyses (CCA) of CANOCO software version 4.5 was used to assess the environmental gradients of weed species. It is concluded that among all the edaphic factors the strongest variables were higher concentration of potassium, organic matter and sandy nature of soil. CCA plots of both weed species and sampled fields based on questionnaire data concluded the farming practices such as application of fertilizers, irrigation and chemical spray were the main factors in determination of weed communities.
The formation of Maize Foundation Inbred Lines: Analysis in Different Perspec...
The formation of Maize Foundation Inbred Lines: Analysis in Different Perspec...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
Abstract— Maize breeding has made a greater contribution to the increases of maize yield. Maize foundation inbred lines play an irreplaceable role in maize breeding. The formation of foundation lines were the results of many factors, the key factors of which were accord with breeding trends, adapt to environment in much of region, and have appropriate representativeness for particular heterotic group. Foundation lines possess well structure of source and better yield stability, this contribute to their combinations with coordinated source-sink relationship and adapt to close planting. Foundation lines resist major stress factor and adapt to the cropping systems and cultural practices of main maize producing areas. And foundation lines concentrate numerous unique alleles of particular heterotic group, so they are easy to generate heterotic with lines from other heterotic group. For new foundation lines breeding, the existing foundation lines are preferred basic germplasm and cross breeding unites with pedigree selection is effective breeding method. Moreover, we give a integrate breeding method base on rapid advances in plant-breeding technology.Impact of Pesticides on Farmer’s Health of Western Odisha
Abstract— Agriculture is the basic need of human being to survive. Increase in human population, increases the food production. Largest areas are under rice cultivation. Rice plants were prone to attack by insect and pest. So, for its survival use of pesticide is necessary, but this had lead risk behaviour among rice farmers. The study was based on the farmers of Bargarh and Sundargarh District of Odisha regarding pesticide usage condition .100 farmers were interviewed from both the district, using questionnaire methods from February to April 2015. A questionnaire survey on personal history regarding agricultural labour, pesticide use and health history was conducted. Descriptive statistics was used for analysis of quantitative data. The most frequently used pesticides included organophosphates, carbamates. 2-3 times pesticide was applied after 15 days, after 1 month and also before the production time. Demographic data shows 87 respondents were male farmers rests were female farmers out of 100 respondents. Only 85 respondents were using sprayer for spraying pesticides out of 100 but 36 respondents were only using protective covers. 12 farmers only follow the instruction given on the pesticide container. 33 respondents have the knowledge of colour coding present in the pesticide bottle. Health symptom showed less frequently, in farmers using protective covers. Out of 100 respondents 58 had skin contact, 12 respondents suffer from eye irritation, and 28 respondents feel drowsiness after strong smell of pesticides while 31 farmers suffer from headache. Major factors of pesticide poisoning are due to lack of attention to safety precautions and lack of training before using of pesticide. So, training programme is necessary to improve safer pesticide behaviours, create more awareness among the farmers and also introduction of using bio pesticide instead of using pesticide.
Genetic Engineering Techniques in Fruit Science
Abstract— Today, fruit science have well been established in world trade networks and sophisticated cultural and postharvest technologies that allow fruits to be enjoyed throughout much of the year, instead of mere weeks per year like our ancestors experienced. Especially modern biotechnological methods including genetic engineering technologies have been taken part in breeding strategies of fruit crops. Several biotechnological methods can be applied to plant to have better ones in the process of fruit breeding. Genetic engineering is a powerful tool for plant improvement and has the potential to allow the integration of desirable characteristics into existing genomes. Transformation technology developed a path to transfer important genes into plant genome for enhancing resistance against fungal, viral pathogens, other pests, drought, and salinity as well as silencing undesirable genes and improvement in nutrient acquisition. Different gene transfer techniques could be employed for fruit species. As well as direct and indirect transformation, modern genome editing methods recently have been used in plant science. In this review, we illustrated how to use these technologies in fruit science.
Eco-floristic studies of the Beer Hills along the Indus River in the district...
The present study was conducted to elaborate vegetation composition structure to analyze role of edaphic and topographic factors on plant species distribution and community formation during 2013–14. A mixture of quadrat and transect methods were used. The size of quadrat for trees shrubs and herbs were 10 × 5, 5 × 2, 1 × 1 meter square respectively. Different phytosociological attribute were measured at each station. Primary results reported 123 plant species belong to 46 families. Asteraceae and Lamiaceae were dominant families with 8 species each. PCORD version 5 were used for Cluster and Two Way Cluster Analyses that initiated 4 plant communities within elevation range of 529–700 m from sea level. Indicator species analyses (ISA) were used to identify indicator species of each community. CANOCO Software (version 4.5) was used to measure the influence of edaphic and topographic variables on species composition, diversity and community formation. Whereas Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) was used to measure the effect of environmental variables which showed elevation and aspect were the stronger environmental variable among topographic and CaCO3 contents, electric conductivity, soil pH were the stronger edaphic factors in determination of vegetation and communities of the Bheer Hills. Grazing pressure was one of the main anthropogenic factors in this regard.
0728 Insect-Pest Dynamics and Arthropod Diversity in SRI and Conventional Met...
0728 Insect-Pest Dynamics and Arthropod Diversity in SRI and Conventional Met...SRI-Rice, Dept. of Global Development, CALS, Cornell University
Presenter: Ch. Padmavathi
Audience: 2nd National SRI Symposium, Agartala, India
Subject Country: IndiaDiversity of drought tolerance and seed yield in sunflower (Helianthus annuus...
Randomized complete block design with four replications in two drought and non-drought environments was used for this study. Drought resistance indices were calculated based on seed yield in stress and non-stress conditions. The results showed that GMP and STI were the best drought resistance indices so had the positive and significant correlation with Yp and Ys. Three dimensional graph showed that RFG5*AF80, G-543 and Farokh were the drought resistant hybrids. These hybrids had the highest amount of Yp, Ys, GMP and STI that revealed the highest yield potential as well as drought tolerance in these genotypes. Because of that these hybrids have promised potential to cultivate in drought prone environments. Regression analysis revealed that the traits grain filling rate, grain filling duration and water use efficiency accounted for 97.0% of total variation exist in seed yield. Path coefficient analysis demonstrated the highest and positive direct effect of grain filling rate and grain filling duration on seed yield in sunflower hybrids. Water use efficiency had low direct effect while high indirect effects via grain filling duration on seed yield. Therefore, the study revealed the importance of total grain filling rate and grain filling duration as indirect selection criteria for genetic improvement of seed yield in sunflower breeding programs especially in early generations. On the other hand, indirect effects of water use efficiency through grain filling duration on seed yield have promising result in selection programs. Get the full articles at: http://www.innspub.net/volume-6-number-5-may-2015-jbes/
Criteria for the Selection of Vegetable Growth-Promoting Bacteria to be appli...
Criteria for the Selection of Vegetable Growth-Promoting Bacteria to be appli...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
In order to define which are the most important criteria for the selection of plant Growth-Promoting bacterial strains of the Hibiscus sabdariffa L. crop (Roselle), bacterial strains isolated from the roots of Roselle plants of two varieties (Creole and Spider) were used, collected in the community of Río de los Peces, municipality of Candelaria Loxicha, Oaxaca and seeds of the same varieties. To characterize the varieties, the following were determined: total germination percentage (TGP), germination speed (GS), the root length(RL), the stem length (SL), the dry root biomass (DRB), the dry stem biomass (DSB) and the chlorophyll content (CC). Three types of LED lamps were used to illuminate the seedlings. The seeds inoculated with cells of six selected bacterial strains were grown in a greenhouse to determine: the stem length (SL) at 3, 45 and 65 days after sowing (das). The treatments were distributed under a completely random design and comparison of means (Tukey, p = 0.05). The TGP, DSB and DRB parameters were not useful in the selection process of the strains that promoted plant growth to a greater degree. The GS and SL to be considered safe criteria or not, what is important is the relationship of what happens at the time of germination and development of the seedlings in the laboratory and greenhouse. The SL of the plants in the greenhouse showed differences between strains, but not regarding the control and also only observed in the first days of development (3 das). The CC did not prove to be a good selection criterion either. The lamp composed of 15% white light, 27% blue light and 58% red light was the one that most promoted root growth.The use of plants extracts in the improvement of cowpea yield at dang (Ngaoun...
In the substitution of chemical insecticides with potential biopesticides, the efficiency of Lippia multiflora, Plectranthus glandulosus and Callistemon rigidus were evaluated on the improvement of cowpea (Vinia unguiculata) in Dang (Ngaoundere, Cameroon). The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized block design with 5 treatments repeated 4 times each: the negative control, the positive control (Decis), L. multiflora, P. glandulosus and C. rigidus. These different insecticides were sprayed on cowpea plants with 14 days interval starting from the 14th day after sowing. The parameters collected were the diversity of insect pests, the number of pods, and the dry weight of the grains. All of the insecticides used improved cowpea yields. Although less efficient than Decis, most biopesticides significantly (p < 0.001) improved the yield of cowpeas compared to the negative control. This improvement was 260% for C. rigidus, and 120% for P. glandulosus. These results suggest that C. rigidus, P. glandulosus and L. multiflora could be considered as potential substitutes for chemical insecticides in improving cowpea yields.
Principal Component Analysis for Evaluation of Guinea grass (Panicum maximum...
Principal Component Analysis for Evaluation of Guinea grass (Panicum maximum...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
Abstract— The present study was conducted to study the variability among the genotypes by Principal Component Analysis (PCA) in order to select those that are most suitable for breeding programme. This study included ten quantitative traits. The result of principal component analysis showed that the first four principal components with Eigen value greater than 0.88 contributed about 76.10 per cent of total variation in the population. The variability of the genotypes was interpreted based on four principal components, the first principal component described the yield level, the second principal component described the productivity and quality and the last two principal components described the quality of the fodder which indicating that the identified traits within the axes exhibited great influence on the phenotype and this could be effectively used for selection among the tested entries for further development of Guinea grass varieties with improved fodder yield and quality. Participatory action research in CSVs of Tanzania: fast track for new potato ...
Participatory action research in CSVs of Tanzania: fast track for new potato ...CCAFS | CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security
Poster presented during the CSA global conference in Montpelier, France in March 2015. Study was conducted in the densely populated Lushoto district, Northern Tanzania to identify better potato varieties that will enable farmers to plant potatoes year round while increasing yields. For more information, please contact D.Harahagazwe@cgiar.org
Read more: http://ccafs.cgiar.org/3rd-global-science-conference-%E2%80%9Cclimate-smart-agriculture-2015%E2%80%9D#.VRurLUesXX4HortFlora Research Spectrum, Vol.4, No. 2; 2015: ABSTRACTS
The HortFlora Research Spectrum (HRS), is an international-peer reviewed, open access journal that serves as a forum for the exchange and dissemination of R & D advances and innovations in all facets of Horticultural Science (Pomology, Olericulture, Floriculture, Post Harvest Technology, Plant Biotechnology, and Medicinal & Aromatic Plants etc.) and its allied branches on an international level.
HRS is officially published quarterly (March, June, September and December) every year, in English (print & online version), under the keen auspices of Biosciences & Agriculture Advancement Society (BAAS), Meerut (India).
The journal is Indexed/Abstracted in
• Index Copernicus International, Poland with ICV: 27.39 • Ministry of Science & Higher Education, Poland with 02 points • Global Impact Factor with GIF 0.364• Indian Science Abstracts • CAB Abstracts • CABI Full text • CAB direct • ICRISAT-infoSAT • Google Scholar• CiteFactor • InfoBase Index with IBI Factor: 2.8 •New Journal Impact Factor (NJIF): 2.14 • ResearchBib • AgBiotech Net • Horticultural Science Abstracts • Forestry & Agroforestry Abstracts• Agric. Engg. Abstracts • Crop Physiology Abstracts • PGRs Abstracts • ResearchGate.net • getCited.com • Reference Repository • OAJI.net • Journal Index.net• University of Washington Library • University of Ottawa Library • Swedish University of Agric. Sci. Library, Stockholm, Sweden;
Full text PDF are available at: www.hortflorajournal.com
Effect of Different Sources of Nutrient on Growth and Yield of Okra (Abelmosc...
Effect of Different Sources of Nutrient on Growth and Yield of Okra (Abelmosc...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
The experiment was carried out at Nepal Polytechnic Institute field, Bharatpur, Chitwan, Nepal to study the effect of different nutrient sources on growth and yield of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L Monech). Five different treatments; poultry manure, FYM, goat manure, chemical (as per N equivalent) and no fertilizer (control) were replicated four times. The experiment was arranged in Randomize Complete Block Design (RCBD). The okra variety ArkaAnamika was used for experiment. The data were collected on the growth and yield parameters including plant height (cm), canopy (cm), numbers of leaves per plant, numbers of branches per plant, fruit length, diameter and yield. Results indicated that different nutrient sources had significant (P<0.05) affected on plant height, canopy, leaf number, branches and also in yield parameters. Based on the findings of the experiments, it can be concluded that application of poultry manure significantly increased the growth and yield performances on Abelmoschus esculentus L. Monech (okra) compared to other types of fertilizers. As the study reflected the use of no fertilizer results in the lowest vegetative growth and yield performances which indicates to use some nutrient sources for better growth and production of okra.Effect of Different Weed Control Practices On Proximate Composition, Nutrient...
A field experiment was conducted during 2004 and 2005 cropping seasons to determine effect of different weed control practices on proximate composition, nutrient concentration and nutrient uptake of maize (Zea maysL.) at the Teaching and Research Farm of Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, Nigeria. Seven treatments were used for the experiment, viz no weeding (control), Primextra (3.0kg a.i./ha), mulching (wood shavings), one- hoe weeding at 3 weeks after planting (WAP), two hoe- weedings at 3 and 7 WAP, cover cropping with melon minus hoe-weeding, cover-cropping with melon plus one hoe-weeding at 3WAP. The seven treatments were laid out in randomized complete block design with four replicates. Results showed that mulched plot with wood shavings had the lowest weed density and highest proximate composition, grain nutrient concentration, ear leaf concentration and nutrient uptake followed by Primextra treated plot .The study recommends that small holder farmers to adopt mulching technique with wood shaving to improve the nutritional quality of maize grain since it does not involve any technical rigor besides signifying a non-chemical weed control.
Germination percentage and growing behavior of Salix tetrasperma (Willow) as ...
Propagation through branch cuttings is one of the best methods to produced tree nursery the yield of the tree produced from a cutting can be higher then a tree produced from seedlings, the conditions provided to them are important factor for getting good results. The aim of this study was to find the best size of cuttings for establishment of nursery and also to compare their performance in open air or in artificial conditions under plastic sheets cuttings of 2 inches, 4 and 6 of Salix tetrasperma were raised in plastic bags of size 3x7 their were three treatments with 25 bags in each and replicated 4 times. The data on sprouting percentage, plant height, root development etc was recorded after every two weeks. The data thus collected was analyzed statically using randomized complete block design. Result showed that cutting of 2 inches has high sprouting percentage and growth behavior as compared to other cuttings. Get more articles at: http://www.innspub.net/volume-6-number-4-april-2015-jbes/
Evaluation of the Development of Roselle (Hibiscus Sabdariffa L.) in Two Soil...
Evaluation of the Development of Roselle (Hibiscus Sabdariffa L.) in Two Soil...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
In this study, we tested the growth of two varieties of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) cultivated in two types of soils and the effects of the inoculation of seeds with cells of bacterial strains and vermicompost. (H. sabdariffa) are a member of the Malvaceae family and an important plant because its calyxes are used to produce beverages, prepare food, in the textile industry, cosmetology, perfumery, medicine, etc. This research was carried out at the Postgraduate College, Montecillo Campus, Mexico. The experimental design was completely randomized blocks with a factorial arrangement (4x3x2): four levels of organic matter factor, three levels of bacterial strains factor, and two levels of soil factor with three repetitions. The variables tested were: germination percentage (GP), plant height (PH), stem diameter (SD), the number of leaves (NL), foliar area (FA cm 2), radical volume (RV cm 3), dry aerial part biomass weight (DAPBW), dry root biomass weight (DRBW), dry calyx biomass weight (DCBW) and chlorophyll content (CC). The effects of soil and bacterial strains showed significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) on the agronomic characteristics of (H. sabdariffa) plants. The organic matter factor only presented significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) in the germination percentage and growth variables of the vegetative phase. To increase crop production, the use of wastewater and microorganisms is proposed. Vermicompost exploded the percentage of germination, height, the number of leaves and stem diameter during the first weeks of growth, presenting important results in Creole variety (farmers' local variety). By inoculating seeds with cells of bacterial strains, A9m and A7 helped significantly to stimulate plant growth, finding a better response in A9m strain. The effects of soil factor showed significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) in soil irrigated with residual water over agronomic characteristics satisfying the nutritional requirements of the crop.Estimation of genetic parameters and gene actions of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor...
A study of sorghum tolerance to low P condition was conducted in two experiments : (1) in nutrient solution and
(2) in acid soil. The aim of this study was to obtain information on the genetic variability and heritability of agronomic characters that could be used as selection criteria in low P condition and to obtain information on gene action that controlled agronomic characters of sorghum.The plant materials used in this experiment were F2 segregating population derived from the cross between B69 and Numbu. The first experiment was conducted in the green house of Bogor Agricultural University. B69, Numbu and F2 population were grown hidroponically for 14 days. Composition of the nutrient solution used in the experiment followed the method suggested by Ohki with modification of P concentration. P is given in the form of KH2PO4: 0.001 mM. The results showed that shoot dry weight (SDW) and total dry weight (TDW) had high estimate of heritability and moderate genotypic
coefficient of variance (GCV), thus these characters can be used for criteria selection for low P tolerance at seedling stage. The significant value of skweness from the distribution shoot dry weight in F2 segregants, indicate the presence of complementary epistasis gene action, whereas normal distribution of total dry weight showed additive gene action. The second experiment was conducted in acid soils of Bogor District Experimental Field Tenjo, Bogor. The results showed that stem diameter, panicle weight and grain yield per plant had high heritability and wide GCV value, indicating these characters can be used as the selection criteria in selecting
sorghum genotypes for low P tolerance in acid soil. Based on the skewness values, all of the agronomy characters
observed in this study were influenced by additive gene action. Get more articles at: http://www.innspub.net/volume-7-number-3-september-2015-ijaar/
HortFlora Research Spectrum, Vol.3(2) June 2014 ABSTRACTS
The journal 'HortFlora Research Spectrum' is Indexed/Abstracted in
• Index Copernicus International, Poland with ICV: 4.79 • Ministry of Science & Higher Education, Poland with 02 points • Global Impact Factor with GIF 0.287• Indian Science Abstracts • CAB Abstracts • CABI Full text • CAB direct • ICRISAT-infoSAT • Google Scholar• CiteFactor • InfoBase Index • ResearchBib • AgBiotech Net • Horticultural Science Abstracts • Forestry & Agroforestry Abstracts• Agric. Engg. Abstracts • Crop Physiology Abstracts • PGRs Abstracts • ResearchGate.net • getCited.com • Reference Repository • EBSCO host • University of Washington Library • University of Ottawa Library • Swedish University of Agric. Sci.
Improved Variety, Selection and Sustainability of Strawberries for the Easter...
2014 National Sustainable Strawberry Initiative Project Leader Meeting
Abstract book ishp 2014 (1st international symposium on the himalayas of paki...
1st international Conference on the Himalayas of Pakiistan
Weed Control in Rice Field
Rice is one of the most important crop in the world.
The main production countries are China, India, Indonesia, Bangladesh, Viet Nam. Becides the Asian countries, rice is also welcomed as staple food in South America and Africa countries.
Weed control is important in rice cultivation. Main weeds are grassy weed, broadleaf weed and sedges.
Usually, the emergence of grassy weed is ealier than other types of weeds and the damage is heavier. Echinochloa spp is a big problem as main grassy weed in rice field.
Here are some several herbicides suggested for weed control in rice field.
Control of grassy weeds: Oxaziclomefone, Bispyribac-sodium, Cyhalofop-butyl.
Control of broadleaf weed and sedges: Bentazon, Bentazon + MCPA.
Pre-emergence is a cost-effective way, here are several combinations: Bensulfuron-methyl + Metolachlor, Bensulfuron-methyl + Pretilachlor, Bensulfuron-methyl + Mefenacet.
If you are interested in any of these products or have some othe ideas about weed control in rice field, feel free to contact us.
Contact: Susan
E-mail: susan@profirst.biz ; agsale@profirst.biz
Website: www.profirst.cn
Skype: susan_hujiali@hotmail.com
HERBICIDE COMBINATION FOR CONTROL OF COMPLEX WEED FLORA IN TRANSPLANTED RICE
HERBICIDE COMBINATION FOR CONTROL OF COMPLEX WEED FLORA IN TRANSPLANTED RICESARDAR VALLABHBHAI PATEL UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE & TECHNOLOGY MEERUT, U.P., INDIA
SEMINAR DELIVERED IN DEPARTMENT OF AGRONOMY,S.V.P.U.A.&T. MEERUT,U.P.More Related Content
What's hot
The use of plants extracts in the improvement of cowpea yield at dang (Ngaoun...
In the substitution of chemical insecticides with potential biopesticides, the efficiency of Lippia multiflora, Plectranthus glandulosus and Callistemon rigidus were evaluated on the improvement of cowpea (Vinia unguiculata) in Dang (Ngaoundere, Cameroon). The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized block design with 5 treatments repeated 4 times each: the negative control, the positive control (Decis), L. multiflora, P. glandulosus and C. rigidus. These different insecticides were sprayed on cowpea plants with 14 days interval starting from the 14th day after sowing. The parameters collected were the diversity of insect pests, the number of pods, and the dry weight of the grains. All of the insecticides used improved cowpea yields. Although less efficient than Decis, most biopesticides significantly (p < 0.001) improved the yield of cowpeas compared to the negative control. This improvement was 260% for C. rigidus, and 120% for P. glandulosus. These results suggest that C. rigidus, P. glandulosus and L. multiflora could be considered as potential substitutes for chemical insecticides in improving cowpea yields.
Principal Component Analysis for Evaluation of Guinea grass (Panicum maximum...
Principal Component Analysis for Evaluation of Guinea grass (Panicum maximum...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
Abstract— The present study was conducted to study the variability among the genotypes by Principal Component Analysis (PCA) in order to select those that are most suitable for breeding programme. This study included ten quantitative traits. The result of principal component analysis showed that the first four principal components with Eigen value greater than 0.88 contributed about 76.10 per cent of total variation in the population. The variability of the genotypes was interpreted based on four principal components, the first principal component described the yield level, the second principal component described the productivity and quality and the last two principal components described the quality of the fodder which indicating that the identified traits within the axes exhibited great influence on the phenotype and this could be effectively used for selection among the tested entries for further development of Guinea grass varieties with improved fodder yield and quality. Participatory action research in CSVs of Tanzania: fast track for new potato ...
Participatory action research in CSVs of Tanzania: fast track for new potato ...CCAFS | CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security
Poster presented during the CSA global conference in Montpelier, France in March 2015. Study was conducted in the densely populated Lushoto district, Northern Tanzania to identify better potato varieties that will enable farmers to plant potatoes year round while increasing yields. For more information, please contact D.Harahagazwe@cgiar.org
Read more: http://ccafs.cgiar.org/3rd-global-science-conference-%E2%80%9Cclimate-smart-agriculture-2015%E2%80%9D#.VRurLUesXX4HortFlora Research Spectrum, Vol.4, No. 2; 2015: ABSTRACTS
The HortFlora Research Spectrum (HRS), is an international-peer reviewed, open access journal that serves as a forum for the exchange and dissemination of R & D advances and innovations in all facets of Horticultural Science (Pomology, Olericulture, Floriculture, Post Harvest Technology, Plant Biotechnology, and Medicinal & Aromatic Plants etc.) and its allied branches on an international level.
HRS is officially published quarterly (March, June, September and December) every year, in English (print & online version), under the keen auspices of Biosciences & Agriculture Advancement Society (BAAS), Meerut (India).
The journal is Indexed/Abstracted in
• Index Copernicus International, Poland with ICV: 27.39 • Ministry of Science & Higher Education, Poland with 02 points • Global Impact Factor with GIF 0.364• Indian Science Abstracts • CAB Abstracts • CABI Full text • CAB direct • ICRISAT-infoSAT • Google Scholar• CiteFactor • InfoBase Index with IBI Factor: 2.8 •New Journal Impact Factor (NJIF): 2.14 • ResearchBib • AgBiotech Net • Horticultural Science Abstracts • Forestry & Agroforestry Abstracts• Agric. Engg. Abstracts • Crop Physiology Abstracts • PGRs Abstracts • ResearchGate.net • getCited.com • Reference Repository • OAJI.net • Journal Index.net• University of Washington Library • University of Ottawa Library • Swedish University of Agric. Sci. Library, Stockholm, Sweden;
Full text PDF are available at: www.hortflorajournal.com
Effect of Different Sources of Nutrient on Growth and Yield of Okra (Abelmosc...
Effect of Different Sources of Nutrient on Growth and Yield of Okra (Abelmosc...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
The experiment was carried out at Nepal Polytechnic Institute field, Bharatpur, Chitwan, Nepal to study the effect of different nutrient sources on growth and yield of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L Monech). Five different treatments; poultry manure, FYM, goat manure, chemical (as per N equivalent) and no fertilizer (control) were replicated four times. The experiment was arranged in Randomize Complete Block Design (RCBD). The okra variety ArkaAnamika was used for experiment. The data were collected on the growth and yield parameters including plant height (cm), canopy (cm), numbers of leaves per plant, numbers of branches per plant, fruit length, diameter and yield. Results indicated that different nutrient sources had significant (P<0.05) affected on plant height, canopy, leaf number, branches and also in yield parameters. Based on the findings of the experiments, it can be concluded that application of poultry manure significantly increased the growth and yield performances on Abelmoschus esculentus L. Monech (okra) compared to other types of fertilizers. As the study reflected the use of no fertilizer results in the lowest vegetative growth and yield performances which indicates to use some nutrient sources for better growth and production of okra.Effect of Different Weed Control Practices On Proximate Composition, Nutrient...
A field experiment was conducted during 2004 and 2005 cropping seasons to determine effect of different weed control practices on proximate composition, nutrient concentration and nutrient uptake of maize (Zea maysL.) at the Teaching and Research Farm of Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, Nigeria. Seven treatments were used for the experiment, viz no weeding (control), Primextra (3.0kg a.i./ha), mulching (wood shavings), one- hoe weeding at 3 weeks after planting (WAP), two hoe- weedings at 3 and 7 WAP, cover cropping with melon minus hoe-weeding, cover-cropping with melon plus one hoe-weeding at 3WAP. The seven treatments were laid out in randomized complete block design with four replicates. Results showed that mulched plot with wood shavings had the lowest weed density and highest proximate composition, grain nutrient concentration, ear leaf concentration and nutrient uptake followed by Primextra treated plot .The study recommends that small holder farmers to adopt mulching technique with wood shaving to improve the nutritional quality of maize grain since it does not involve any technical rigor besides signifying a non-chemical weed control.
Germination percentage and growing behavior of Salix tetrasperma (Willow) as ...
Propagation through branch cuttings is one of the best methods to produced tree nursery the yield of the tree produced from a cutting can be higher then a tree produced from seedlings, the conditions provided to them are important factor for getting good results. The aim of this study was to find the best size of cuttings for establishment of nursery and also to compare their performance in open air or in artificial conditions under plastic sheets cuttings of 2 inches, 4 and 6 of Salix tetrasperma were raised in plastic bags of size 3x7 their were three treatments with 25 bags in each and replicated 4 times. The data on sprouting percentage, plant height, root development etc was recorded after every two weeks. The data thus collected was analyzed statically using randomized complete block design. Result showed that cutting of 2 inches has high sprouting percentage and growth behavior as compared to other cuttings. Get more articles at: http://www.innspub.net/volume-6-number-4-april-2015-jbes/
Evaluation of the Development of Roselle (Hibiscus Sabdariffa L.) in Two Soil...
Evaluation of the Development of Roselle (Hibiscus Sabdariffa L.) in Two Soil...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
In this study, we tested the growth of two varieties of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) cultivated in two types of soils and the effects of the inoculation of seeds with cells of bacterial strains and vermicompost. (H. sabdariffa) are a member of the Malvaceae family and an important plant because its calyxes are used to produce beverages, prepare food, in the textile industry, cosmetology, perfumery, medicine, etc. This research was carried out at the Postgraduate College, Montecillo Campus, Mexico. The experimental design was completely randomized blocks with a factorial arrangement (4x3x2): four levels of organic matter factor, three levels of bacterial strains factor, and two levels of soil factor with three repetitions. The variables tested were: germination percentage (GP), plant height (PH), stem diameter (SD), the number of leaves (NL), foliar area (FA cm 2), radical volume (RV cm 3), dry aerial part biomass weight (DAPBW), dry root biomass weight (DRBW), dry calyx biomass weight (DCBW) and chlorophyll content (CC). The effects of soil and bacterial strains showed significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) on the agronomic characteristics of (H. sabdariffa) plants. The organic matter factor only presented significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) in the germination percentage and growth variables of the vegetative phase. To increase crop production, the use of wastewater and microorganisms is proposed. Vermicompost exploded the percentage of germination, height, the number of leaves and stem diameter during the first weeks of growth, presenting important results in Creole variety (farmers' local variety). By inoculating seeds with cells of bacterial strains, A9m and A7 helped significantly to stimulate plant growth, finding a better response in A9m strain. The effects of soil factor showed significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) in soil irrigated with residual water over agronomic characteristics satisfying the nutritional requirements of the crop.Estimation of genetic parameters and gene actions of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor...
A study of sorghum tolerance to low P condition was conducted in two experiments : (1) in nutrient solution and
(2) in acid soil. The aim of this study was to obtain information on the genetic variability and heritability of agronomic characters that could be used as selection criteria in low P condition and to obtain information on gene action that controlled agronomic characters of sorghum.The plant materials used in this experiment were F2 segregating population derived from the cross between B69 and Numbu. The first experiment was conducted in the green house of Bogor Agricultural University. B69, Numbu and F2 population were grown hidroponically for 14 days. Composition of the nutrient solution used in the experiment followed the method suggested by Ohki with modification of P concentration. P is given in the form of KH2PO4: 0.001 mM. The results showed that shoot dry weight (SDW) and total dry weight (TDW) had high estimate of heritability and moderate genotypic
coefficient of variance (GCV), thus these characters can be used for criteria selection for low P tolerance at seedling stage. The significant value of skweness from the distribution shoot dry weight in F2 segregants, indicate the presence of complementary epistasis gene action, whereas normal distribution of total dry weight showed additive gene action. The second experiment was conducted in acid soils of Bogor District Experimental Field Tenjo, Bogor. The results showed that stem diameter, panicle weight and grain yield per plant had high heritability and wide GCV value, indicating these characters can be used as the selection criteria in selecting
sorghum genotypes for low P tolerance in acid soil. Based on the skewness values, all of the agronomy characters
observed in this study were influenced by additive gene action. Get more articles at: http://www.innspub.net/volume-7-number-3-september-2015-ijaar/
HortFlora Research Spectrum, Vol.3(2) June 2014 ABSTRACTS
The journal 'HortFlora Research Spectrum' is Indexed/Abstracted in
• Index Copernicus International, Poland with ICV: 4.79 • Ministry of Science & Higher Education, Poland with 02 points • Global Impact Factor with GIF 0.287• Indian Science Abstracts • CAB Abstracts • CABI Full text • CAB direct • ICRISAT-infoSAT • Google Scholar• CiteFactor • InfoBase Index • ResearchBib • AgBiotech Net • Horticultural Science Abstracts • Forestry & Agroforestry Abstracts• Agric. Engg. Abstracts • Crop Physiology Abstracts • PGRs Abstracts • ResearchGate.net • getCited.com • Reference Repository • EBSCO host • University of Washington Library • University of Ottawa Library • Swedish University of Agric. Sci.
Improved Variety, Selection and Sustainability of Strawberries for the Easter...
2014 National Sustainable Strawberry Initiative Project Leader Meeting
What's hot (17)
The use of plants extracts in the improvement of cowpea yield at dang (Ngaoun...
The use of plants extracts in the improvement of cowpea yield at dang (Ngaoun...
Principal Component Analysis for Evaluation of Guinea grass (Panicum maximum...
Principal Component Analysis for Evaluation of Guinea grass (Panicum maximum...
Participatory action research in CSVs of Tanzania: fast track for new potato ...
Participatory action research in CSVs of Tanzania: fast track for new potato ...
HortFlora Research Spectrum, Vol.4, No. 2; 2015: ABSTRACTS
HortFlora Research Spectrum, Vol.4, No. 2; 2015: ABSTRACTS
Effect of Different Sources of Nutrient on Growth and Yield of Okra (Abelmosc...
Effect of Different Sources of Nutrient on Growth and Yield of Okra (Abelmosc...
Effect of Different Weed Control Practices On Proximate Composition, Nutrient...
Effect of Different Weed Control Practices On Proximate Composition, Nutrient...
INHIBITORY EFFECT OF CAMPHOR LEAF POWDER ON GERMINATION AND GROWTH OF THE WEE...
INHIBITORY EFFECT OF CAMPHOR LEAF POWDER ON GERMINATION AND GROWTH OF THE WEE...
Germination percentage and growing behavior of Salix tetrasperma (Willow) as ...
Germination percentage and growing behavior of Salix tetrasperma (Willow) as ...
Evaluation of the Development of Roselle (Hibiscus Sabdariffa L.) in Two Soil...
Evaluation of the Development of Roselle (Hibiscus Sabdariffa L.) in Two Soil...
Estimation of genetic parameters and gene actions of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor...
Estimation of genetic parameters and gene actions of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor...
HortFlora Research Spectrum, Vol.3(2) June 2014 ABSTRACTS
HortFlora Research Spectrum, Vol.3(2) June 2014 ABSTRACTS
Improved Variety, Selection and Sustainability of Strawberries for the Easter...
Improved Variety, Selection and Sustainability of Strawberries for the Easter...
Viewers also liked
Abstract book ishp 2014 (1st international symposium on the himalayas of paki...
1st international Conference on the Himalayas of Pakiistan
Weed Control in Rice Field
Rice is one of the most important crop in the world.
The main production countries are China, India, Indonesia, Bangladesh, Viet Nam. Becides the Asian countries, rice is also welcomed as staple food in South America and Africa countries.
Weed control is important in rice cultivation. Main weeds are grassy weed, broadleaf weed and sedges.
Usually, the emergence of grassy weed is ealier than other types of weeds and the damage is heavier. Echinochloa spp is a big problem as main grassy weed in rice field.
Here are some several herbicides suggested for weed control in rice field.
Control of grassy weeds: Oxaziclomefone, Bispyribac-sodium, Cyhalofop-butyl.
Control of broadleaf weed and sedges: Bentazon, Bentazon + MCPA.
Pre-emergence is a cost-effective way, here are several combinations: Bensulfuron-methyl + Metolachlor, Bensulfuron-methyl + Pretilachlor, Bensulfuron-methyl + Mefenacet.
If you are interested in any of these products or have some othe ideas about weed control in rice field, feel free to contact us.
Contact: Susan
E-mail: susan@profirst.biz ; agsale@profirst.biz
Website: www.profirst.cn
Skype: susan_hujiali@hotmail.com
HERBICIDE COMBINATION FOR CONTROL OF COMPLEX WEED FLORA IN TRANSPLANTED RICE
HERBICIDE COMBINATION FOR CONTROL OF COMPLEX WEED FLORA IN TRANSPLANTED RICESARDAR VALLABHBHAI PATEL UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE & TECHNOLOGY MEERUT, U.P., INDIA
SEMINAR DELIVERED IN DEPARTMENT OF AGRONOMY,S.V.P.U.A.&T. MEERUT,U.P.Seed production and quality control (fata presentation) By Mr Allah Dad Khan...
Seed production and quality control (fata presentation) By Mr Allah Dad Khan Agriculture Expert Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province Pakistan
Effect of salinity on seedling growth in early vegetative phase of rice
The aim of this investigation was to analyze genotypic variations of salt tolerance of rice varieties at germination and seedling growth of early vegetative phase of rice.
Weed Identification for Schools 2015
What is a weed? Here is a photo guide to help identify the top 30+ most frequently found weeds in schoolyard gardens, and some thoughts on best management practices.
Effect of high temperature on rice growth, yield & grain quality
Effect of high temperature on rice growth, spikelet sterility, yield & grain quality
Medicinal flora and ethnoecological knowledge in the Naran Valley, Western H...
Background
Mountain ecosystems all over the world support a high biological diversity and provide home and services to some 12% of the global human population, who use their traditional ecological knowledge to utilise local natural resources. The Himalayas are the world's youngest, highest and largest mountain range and support a high plant biodiversity. In this remote mountainous region of the Himalaya, people depend upon local plant resources to supply a range of goods and services, including grazing for livestock and medicinal supplies for themselves. Due to their remote location, harsh climate, rough terrain and topography, many areas within this region still remain poorly known for its floristic diversity, plant species distribution and vegetation ecosystem service.
Methods
The Naran valley in the north-western Pakistan is among such valleys and occupies a distinctive geographical location on the edge of the Western Himalaya range, close to the Hindu Kush range to the west and the Karakorum Mountains to the north. It is also located on climatic and geological divides, which further add to its botanical interest. In the present project 120 informants were interviewed at 12 main localities along the 60 km long valley. This paper focuses on assessment of medicinal plant species valued by local communities using their traditional knowledge.
Results
Results revealed that 101 species belonging to 52 families (51.5% of the total plants) were used for 97 prominent therapeutic purposes. The largest number of ailments cured with medicinal plants were associated with the digestive system (32.76% responses) followed by those associated with the respiratory and urinary systems (13.72% and 9.13% respectively). The ailments associated with the blood circulatory and reproductive systems and the skin were 7.37%, 7.04% and 7.03%, respectively. The results also indicate that whole plants were used in 54% of recipes followed by rhizomes (21%), fruits (9.5%) and roots (5.5%).
Conclusion
Our findings demonstrate the range of ecosystem services that are provided by the vegetation and assess how utilisation of plants will impact on future resource sustainability. The study not only contributes to an improved understanding of traditional ethno-ecological knowledge amongst the peoples of the Western Himalaya but also identifies priorities at species and habitat level for local and regional plant conservation strategies.
Keywords: Biodiversity conservation; Ecosystem services; Medicinal plants; Vegetation
Allelopathy
general description about the allelopathy and allelochemistry with respect to agroforestry. Also, includes methods to study the allelopathy.
Viewers also liked (15)
Abstract book ishp 2014 (1st international symposium on the himalayas of paki...
Abstract book ishp 2014 (1st international symposium on the himalayas of paki...
HERBICIDE COMBINATION FOR CONTROL OF COMPLEX WEED FLORA IN TRANSPLANTED RICE
HERBICIDE COMBINATION FOR CONTROL OF COMPLEX WEED FLORA IN TRANSPLANTED RICE
Seed production and quality control (fata presentation) By Mr Allah Dad Khan...
Seed production and quality control (fata presentation) By Mr Allah Dad Khan...
Effect of salinity on seedling growth in early vegetative phase of rice
Effect of salinity on seedling growth in early vegetative phase of rice
Effect of high temperature on rice growth, yield & grain quality
Effect of high temperature on rice growth, yield & grain quality
Identification of weeds in Pakistan by M.Anees Khan
Identification of weeds in Pakistan by M.Anees Khan
Medicinal flora and ethnoecological knowledge in the Naran Valley, Western H...
Medicinal flora and ethnoecological knowledge in the Naran Valley, Western H...
Similar to Weed species distribution pattern in maize crop of mardan, pakistan
INDICATOR SPECIES ANALYSES OF WEED COMMUNITIES OF MAIZE CROP IN DISTRICT MARD...
Weeds are unwanted plant species growing in natural environment. Composition and abundance of weeds are influenced by number of environmental variables as well as farming practices in an ecosystem. Present study was formulated to measure the effect of environmental variables on weed species composition, abundance, distribution pattern and formation of various weeds communities in Union Council Shahbaz Ghari (total area 3956 ha, Agriculture land 1701 ha), District Mardan. Quantitative ecological techniques by adapting quadrat method were used to assess environmental variability and weed species distribution in the targeted region. Nine quadrats of 1×1 m2 size were placed randomly in 65 different fields of the UC. Phytosociological attributes such as density, frequency, relative density, relative frequency and Importance Values were measured for each field. Preliminary results showed that UC Shahbaz Ghari has 29 different weed species belong to 15 different families. Presence absence (1,0) data of 29 species and 65 fields were analyzed using Cluster and Two Way Cluster Analysesvia PC-ORD version 5 resulting four major weed communities. Dominant weed species of the area are Cyperus rotundus, Urochloa panicoides, Brachiaria ramosa, Dactyloctenium aegyptium, Commelina benghalensis and Canvolvulus arvensis while Cannabis sativa, Ipomea purpurea, Amaranthus blitoides, Xanthium strumarium, Lactuca dissecta and Cucurbita maxima are rare weed species. Indicator Species Analyses (ISA) of data identified indicators of each sort of micro environmental condition. Based on our findings, it is recommended that awareness can be created among farmers especially about their farming practices to minimize noxious weeds of maize crop
Key words: Cluster analyses, indicator species analyses, maize, PC-ORD, weeds and Weed communities.
Genetic Diversity among Maize (Zea mays L) Genotypes Based on Fodder Yield an...
Genetic Diversity among Maize (Zea mays L) Genotypes Based on Fodder Yield an...Associate Professor in VSB Coimbatore
Maize (Zea mays) is cultivated all over the world including Pakistan for fodder and grain. Genetic diversity and environmental effects greatly affect the fodder yield and quality in maize. Therefore, it is imperative to assess the genetic diversity among 31 maize genotypes for fodder and quality related traits. Genotypes were collected from the Australian Grain Gene Bank and grown under field conditions with three replications following randomized complete block design. The morphological traits such as plant height (cm), leaf area (cm2), leaf-stem ratio (wt. basis), stem girth (cm), leaves plant-1, days to 50% silking, days to 50% silking, leaf moisture (%), dry fodder yield plant-1 (g), green fodder yield plant-1 (g) and quality traits such as crude protein (%), ether extract (%), ash content (%), crude fiber (%) and nitrogen-free extract (%) were recorded.
Analysis of variance, biplot analysis and genotypic and phenotypic correlation were performed. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences with days to 50% silking, days to 50% tasseling, plant height, stem girth, leaf area, leaves plant-1, moisture percentage, green and dry fodder yield, crude protein, crude fiber, ether extract, ash content and nitrogen free extract and non-significant differences with leaf stem ratio. At phenotypic and genotypic level, dry fodder yield plant-1, plant height, stem diameter, leaf moisture %, No. of leaves, days to 50% silking, crude fiber and ether extract revealed significant correlation with fodder yield plant-1.
Biplot analysis based on PCA for different quantitative parameters showed that first two principal components i.e F1,F2 are contributing 23.29% and 14.53 % to the total variations respectively. Based on all the results the best genotypes were DTMA-271, DTMA-15, DTMA-281 and DTMA-295 could be used in breeding programs.
Heritability and Genetic Advance for Grain Yield and its Component Characters...
Heritability and Genetic Advance for Grain Yield and its Component Characters...Professor Bashir Omolaran Bello
Knowledge of the magnitude of genetic variability, heritability and genetic gains in selection of desirable characters could assist the plant breeder in ascertaining criteria to be used for the breeding programmes. Ten open pollinated maize varieties were evaluated at the Teaching and Research farm, University of Ilorin, Nigeria, during 2005 and 2006 cropping seasons to estimate genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance of grain yield and its component characters. The effect of genotype and genotype by year interaction were significant for ear weight and grain yield, while the effect of year was highly significant (P< 0.01) for all the characters. High magnitude of phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variations as well as high heritability along with high genetic advance recorded for grain yield, number of grains ear-1, ear weight, plant and ear heights provides evidence that these parameters were under the control of additive gene effects and effective selection could be possible for improvement for these characters. Tze Comp3 C2, Acr 94 Tze Comp5, Tze Comp 4-Dmr Srbc2 and Acr 90 Pool 16-Dt were identified as outstanding genotypes for maize grain yield and should be tested at multilocation for their yield performance.Environmental determinants of plant associations and evaluation of the conser...
Hindu Kush is the largest mountain range of Central Asia that forms part of a vast alpine zone that stretches across the Eurasia from east towards the South Asia. We studied vegetation structure and the role of edaphic and topographic factors on distribution and formation of plant associations with specific emphais on Parrotiopsis species of the Districts Dir regions in the Hindu Kush Mountains. We also assessed the conservation status of Parrotiopsis jacquemontiana, an endemic species of the western Himalayan floristic province. We hypothesized that edaphic and climatic factors were responsible for the formation of different plant associations each with distinct indicators. A combination of transect and quadrat based methods were used for sampling. We used two way cluster analysis (TWCA), cluster analysis (CA), indicator species analysis, detrended correspondence analysis and canonical correspondence analysis to analyze and elaborate the vegetation pattern and formation. We used Google Earth Path software (V 1.4.6) for the calculation of extant of occurrence (EOO) and area of occupancy (AOO) for evaluation of conservation status of P. jacquemontiana. A total of 142 plant species were reported belonging to 62 families. CA and TWCA clustered four plant associations within altitudinal range of 1556–2313 m. Parrotiopsis jacquemontiana should be designated as endangered species under ‘EN A2acd; B1B2 bc (i, ii, iii) of IUCN red list categories and criteria in the region. We found that high phosphorous and potassium concentration, elevation, aspect, slope, lower pH, electrical conductivity and soil texture were significant environmental variables that play an important role in the determination of vegetation structure, formation of plant associations and its indicators in the region. This information will be useful for conservation and management practices for endemic and rare plant taxa, and evaluation of vegetation structure.
Flowering, Yield and Fruit Quality of Balady Mango Seedling trees as influenc...
The present study was conducted to investigate some flowering, yield and fruit quality (fruit physical and chemical properties) measurements of twelve years old Balady mango seedling trees grown in clay- loamy soil under surface irrigation system of private orchard located at Esna district, Luxor Governorate as affected by Parlatoria oleae infestation rate during two successive experimental seasons through duration from early September 2016 till mid August 2018 years. Data obtained during both (2016/2017) and (2017/2018) seasons revealed that dates of first, full bloom and harvesting took place earlier in the uninfested trees (control) as compared to the analogous measurements of either slightly or severely infested ones. Moreover, two yield parameters i.e., number and weight (kg.) of mature fruits harvested per each individual tree were obviously decreased by both P. oleae infestation rates as compared to those of the uninfested trees (control). As for the impact on both fruit physical and chemical characteristics, the uninfested trees exhibited an obvious improve in (average fruit dimensions, volume and weight) and (total soluble solids, total soluble solids / acidity ratio, total sugars, reducing sugars and sucrose contents) associated with lower total acidity %. On the other side, the heavily P. oleae infested trees showed significantly the highest reduction in all studied yield and fruit qualities measurements, except with total acidity %, whereas the trend took the other way around as compared to the free and slightly infested trees. Besides, P. oleae was more active through autumn months particularly during October and November of 1st and 2nd seasons, respectively. However, the reverse was true during winter months whereas the least values of P. oleae total population density were detected in both seasons, regardless of infestation rate. Concerning, the relationship between the differences in reduction % in a given desirable parameter from one hand and different infestation rate from the other estimated values of the simple correlation and regression coefficient pointed out the highly significant positive relationship between the increase of one insect per leaf and the increase in reduction of all tested yield and fruit qualitites measurements, except total acidity percentage.
Abstracts- hortflora research spectrum-hrs-vol 6 (1) march 2017
The journal HortFlora Research Spectrum (HRS) having International Impact (NAAS Rating: 3.78; ICV: 63.40, GIF: 0.471; IBI Factor: 2.8; NJIF: 2.14; GSCIF: 0.364; OAJI Impact Factor: 0.201), publishes high quality peer reviewed/refereed original research papers, review articles and research notes on all aspects of Horticultural plants' research including agronomic management, plant nutrition, biotechnology, crop improvement, plant protection, plant physiology, cell & molecular biology, medicinal & aromatic plants, food & nutrition science, agroforestry, environmental science, plant medicinal properties, ethno-phytomedicine, technology dissemination etc.
Pl visit: www.hortflorajournal.com
Organic Plant Breeding: Achievements, Opportunities, and Challenges
Organic Plant Breeding: Achievements, Opportunities, and Challenges
Genotype by environment interaction and stability of extra-early maize hybrid...
Maize (Zea mays L.) is the most important cereal crop produced in Ghana. However the change in environmental conditions, the expansion of maize to new agro-ecologies coupled with inadequate maize varieties available for the different environments affects yield improvement programmes in Ghana. Hence, the study is to investigate the influence of genotype by environment interaction on the maize hybrids and to identify stable and high yielding hybrids with superior agronomic for famers use in the country. The objectives of the study was to investigate the influence of genotype by environment interaction on the maize hybrids and to identify stable and high yielding hybrids with superior agronomic performance for famers use in Ghana. Thus, fifteen extra-early maize hybrids and three locally released checks were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with three replications in two locations in Ghana. The experiment was carried out at KNUST and Akomadan which represent the forest and forest transition zones of Ghana. Nine of the hybrids out of the fifteen hybrids evaluated produce above the average yield and the effect of genotype, location and genotype by location interaction was significant for grain yield. The GGE biplot used in this study revealed that TZEEI-1 x TZEEI-21, TZEEI-6 x TZEEI-21, TZEEI-15 x TZEEI-1 and TZEEI-29 x TZEEI-21 were high yielding and stable hybrids because they were closer to the ideal. The GGE biplot also identified Akomadan as the most ideal testing environment for these hybrids under irrigation.
Phenotypic Correlation and Heritability Estimates of some Quantitative Charac...
Heritability and phenotypic estimates of some quantitative traits and its influence on different nitrogen fertilizer levels give the room for recombinants which become a prerequisite for any breeding study. Genetic variation in quantitative traits for the development for new variety of crop plant with different nitrogen fertilizer levels. Base on this background, the study was conducted in order to evaluate the quantitative traits from advanced blast-resistant rice varieties in order to establish relationship between yield and yied components using genetic variances.To achieve this objective, two field studies were carried out in Malaysia during the cropping season 2017/2018. Sixteen advanced blast-resistant rice genotypes were studied in order to find out phenotypic correlation and heritability in some quantitative characters to determine the effect of various levels of Nitrogen fertilizer. The field experiment was conducted in a split-plot design replicated three times in a plot of 35 × 28.5 m2. The planting distance was 25 × 25 cm and the plot size was 2 × 1.5 m2 unit for genotype in each replication. There was a highly significant variation among the genotypes in response to to nitrogen levels, high PCV, GCV, heritability, relative distance and genetic advance which indicated that different quantitative traits especially tonnes per hectare (Tha), grain weight per plot (GWTPP) and kilogram per plot (kgplot) significantly influence the yield trait. . Similarly, high heritability (>60%) was observed indicating the substantial effect of additive gene more than the environmental effect. Yield per plant showed strong to low positive correlations (푟 = 0.99 - 0.09) at phenotypic level for grain weight per plot (GWTPP), number of tillers per hill (NTH), number of panicle per hill (NPH) and kilogram per plot (kg/plot).
Similar to Weed species distribution pattern in maize crop of mardan, pakistan (20)
INDICATOR SPECIES ANALYSES OF WEED COMMUNITIES OF MAIZE CROP IN DISTRICT MARD...
INDICATOR SPECIES ANALYSES OF WEED COMMUNITIES OF MAIZE CROP IN DISTRICT MARD...
Genetic Diversity among Maize (Zea mays L) Genotypes Based on Fodder Yield an...
Genetic Diversity among Maize (Zea mays L) Genotypes Based on Fodder Yield an...
22. utilization of ssr markers for seed purity testing in popular rice hybrids
22. utilization of ssr markers for seed purity testing in popular rice hybrids
22. utilization of ssr markers for seed purity testing in popular rice hybrids
22. utilization of ssr markers for seed purity testing in popular rice hybrids
Heritability and Genetic Advance for Grain Yield and its Component Characters...
Heritability and Genetic Advance for Grain Yield and its Component Characters...
Environmental determinants of plant associations and evaluation of the conser...
Environmental determinants of plant associations and evaluation of the conser...
Flowering, Yield and Fruit Quality of Balady Mango Seedling trees as influenc...
Flowering, Yield and Fruit Quality of Balady Mango Seedling trees as influenc...
Abstracts- hortflora research spectrum-hrs-vol 6 (1) march 2017
Abstracts- hortflora research spectrum-hrs-vol 6 (1) march 2017
21. a new carboxynilide group fungicide against paddy sheath blight
21. a new carboxynilide group fungicide against paddy sheath blight
Benefits Over Traditional Wired Sensing Technology
Benefits Over Traditional Wired Sensing Technology
Organic Plant Breeding: Achievements, Opportunities, and Challenges
Organic Plant Breeding: Achievements, Opportunities, and Challenges
Persistence and Mobility of Imidacloprid and Abamectin Residues
Persistence and Mobility of Imidacloprid and Abamectin Residues
The Production of Triploid Clariobranchus in Indoor Hatchery
The Production of Triploid Clariobranchus in Indoor Hatchery
Genotype by environment interaction and stability of extra-early maize hybrid...
Genotype by environment interaction and stability of extra-early maize hybrid...
Phenotypic Correlation and Heritability Estimates of some Quantitative Charac...
Phenotypic Correlation and Heritability Estimates of some Quantitative Charac...
More from Shujaul Mulk Khan
Taxonomic investigation of selected rust fungi using scanning.pdf
Taxonomic investigation of selected rust fungi using scanning
Methods of grapes cultivation انگور کی کاشت کے طریقے
This presentation explains in a comprehensive way, how to cultivate Table Grapes nursery and establish its gardens. Preparation of demonstration blocks, nurseries, arrangement of training workshops and handing over the mother plants to the local farmers of the selected agencies of Bajaur, Kurram, Orakzai and FR Region of Bannu will be done according to the standard protocols. Keeping in mind the arrangement of the seven pillars of Vision 2025 new opportunities could be created via viticulture development. Horticulture is a fast growing sector with rising exports and increasing demand in domestic and international markets. Pakistani fruits, both fresh and dry, have great potential for exports. So, the present project will also contribute in the vision of 2025 (One nation One vision) not only to help in the development of FATA but also in the development of adjacent region. It will give rise to development of industries related to Grapevines products like raisins, juices, jams etc. that will be source of new jobs and development in the region. For the alleviation of poverty by enhancing the socioeconomic status of FATA people through viticulture development, we will further extend our work via developing a new project to extend our work to the remaining agencies like Khyber, Mohmand and Waziristan etc. The selected potential and successful varieties of grapes will be introduced for nurseries development and handing over to farmers of the FATA region in future as mother plants.
Mazri (nannorrhops ritchiana (griff) aitch.) a remarkable source of manufact...
Background: Mazri palm (Nannorrhops ritchiana (Griff) Aitch.) is a member of the family Arecaceae, native to Pakistan, Iran, Afghanistan, Oman, and Saudi Arabia. In Pakistan, it is used since long time for various purposes. This species plays a significant cultural and economic role in the daily lives of many rural areas in Pakistan and adjacent countries. However, the handcrafted products made up of this palm are often mainly known by specific local communities rather than by a broader range of people.
Methods: Eighty-six structured and semi-structured interviews were conducted from Mazri growing areas, villages, and markets of urban centers during the fieldwork that was conducted in diverse regions of Pakistan. Interviewees
included 27 Mazri farmers, 17 locals retaining Traditional Knowledge in handcrafting Mazri palm (12 were men and 5 were women), 23 handicrafts experts (21 were men and 2 were women), and 19 sellers. The age of the informants ranged from 14 to 83 years. Study participants shared detailed information about various traditional utilizations of the Mazri palm.
Results: Mature leaves of Mazri palm are used to produce mats, baskets, hand fans, hats, cages, hot pots, salt pots, brooms, etc. in the sudy area. Hot pots, salt pots, mats, baskets, and ropes represent highly used items. The mats are used for various purposes like drying grains, performing prayers, sitting, and sleeping. As a whole, 39 different kinds of handcrafted products from the leaves were found. Our findings revealed also that other parts of the plant, ie. petioles, fruits, and bark, have been used, although more rarely, by the locals. The palm uses differ accordingly to the different cultural areas of Pakisitan, thus demonstrating that local cultural heritage significantly informs
Traditional Knowledge and practices related to the use of Mazri palm. The findings suggest also that this plant represents a crucial resource for the livelihood of the local communities in dry areas of the western borders of Pakistan, starting right from the coastal areas of Baluchistan up to District Bajaur in the North, where other farming activities there are difficult due to drought conditions.
Conclusions: Traditional Knowledge about the sustainable utilization of Mazri palm is eroded in Pakistan among the younger generations due to rapid globalization and industrialization processes and appropriate strategies for
revitalizing this heritage in a sustainable way should be urgently fostered.
Characterization of cobalt oxide and calcium aluminum
The Cobalt Oxide and Calcium-Aluminum Oxide nano-catalysts were analyzed using Scanning Electronic Microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) techniques. Preliminary results showed that the particles of Cobalt Oxide exhibit sponge like morphology and homogenous distribution as per confirmation via SEM. Its average particle size ranges to 30.6 nm demonstrating enormous number of pores and aggregative in nature. Its various peaks were ranging
from 19.2 to 65.4 after XRD analysis. The highest intensity was observed at 36.9 position. The energy dispersive spectroscopy techniques were used to calculate the elements present in sample according to their weight and atomic percentage. The
cobalt oxide contain cobalt as the most abundant element with 46.85 wt% and 18.01 atomic percent. It contain oxygen with 30.51 wt% and 43.19 atomic percent. Whereas, SEM of calcium aluminum oxide showed random morphology. According to the calculation of Scherrer equation regarding XRD analysis, it was distributed homogenously with particle size ranges from 30 to 40 nm. Its porous morphology was due to the interconnecting gaps between different particles. It result the eight peaks ranging from 18.1 to 62.7 in XRD spectrum. The highest intensity observed at 35.1 with average crystallite particle size of 25.6 nm. The calcium aluminum oxide contain aluminum 7.45 wt% and 6.93 atomic percent. The calcium was the most abundant element with54.7 wt% and 34.24 atomic percent followed by oxygen with 37.26 wt% and 58.42 atomic percent. It was concluded that the SEM, XRD, and EDX are the most significant techniques to characterize nano-catalysts in particular and other compounds generally.
Phytogeographic classification using multivariate approach
Phytogeography is concerned with the past and present distribution of vegetation on the earth surface. The distribution
of plants is neither even nor random on earth surface but follow a definite geographic pattern. The present study was aimed
to find out phytogeographic pattern of plants distribution and subsequent classification of plant species of the Jambil Valley,
District Swat Pakistan using multivariate statistic techniques. Sampling of vegetation was done using quadrats of 1 × 1 m2
for herbs, 5 × 5 m2 for shrubs and 10 × 10 m2 for trees. The data were analyzed by PCORD v. 5 and CANOCO 4.5. The
studies revealed that the vegetation of Jambil valley belongs to eighteen different phytogeographic elements. The highest percentage of elements (19.4%) belongs to Western-Himalayan region, followed by Cosmopolitan (13.9%), Eurasian (10.6%), Irano-turanian (10%), Paleotropical (9.4%), Eastern Asiatic and Mediterranean (6.7% each), Euro-Siberian (5.6%),
Holoarctic (3.9%), Pantropical (3.3%), Sub-cosmopolitan 2.8%), Saharo-Arabian (2.2%), Eastern-Himalayan (1.7%),
Central Asian and Neotropical (1.1% each), Pantemperate, Australian and Sudano-Zambezian (0.6% each). CANOCO correlated phytogeographical data with environmental factors, which showed significant effect of environmental variables on phytogeographical patterns. It is clear from our results that higher pH, electrical conductivity, moderate sand and silt, phosphorous and nitrogen have great impact on distribution of phytogeographical elements. The Western Himalayan elements having narrow geographic range require immediate attention and conservation efforts.
The indispensable bond between mazri palm (nannorrhops ritchiana) and the ind...
Keeping in mind the economic importance of this palm, the Government of Pakistan passed an act on the conservation of Nannorrhops namely “Kohat Mazri Control Act 1953” (http://kp.gov.pk/page/the-kohat -mazri -contr olact-
1953/page-type/rules ) in 1953 where laws and rules were devised for the conservation of Nannorrhops in Pakistan in general and for the Kohat Division in particular (which then
covered the whole southern Khyber Pakhtunkhwa). Regionally, it has been categorized as Endangered (EN) under the IUCN criteria. Murad et al. (2011) reported that in the Hazar
Nao Forest of Malakand Nannorrhops ritchiana is on the verge of extinction due to over exploitation by the local population for commercial purposes.
Pollen morphological variation of berberis l. from pakistan and its systemati...
Due to overlapping and diverse morphological characters, Berberis is among the most taxonomically complex genera. Palynology is one of the taxonomic tools for delimitation and identification of complex species. In this study, pollens of 10 Berberis species were analyzed through light and scanning electron microscopy. Qualitative as well as quantitative
features (pollen shape, size, presence or absence of colpi, colpi length and width, exine thickness, ornamentation, pollen class, aperture, and polar–equatorial ratio) were measured. Five species were observed to have colpate (pantocolpate) with elongated ends, radially symmetrical, isopolar, monads, and psilate-regulate pollens. In polar view, six pollen were spheroidal, two were ovoid, one spherical, and one oblate. Similarly, variation in pollen length was prominent and the largest pollen on polar view was recorded for B. psodoumbellata 60–65 μm (62.4 ± 0.9), while the smallest one was observed for B. lycium 29–35 μm (32.2 ± 1). The observed variation in both quantitative and qualitative features were important in taxonomic identification. This shows that palynological haracters
are helpful in identification of Berberis genus at the species level.
A new ethnobiological similarity index for the evaluation of novel use reports
Similarity Indices are widely applied in the field of ecology to measure species diversity as well as to map patterns of conservation and monitor threats to biodiversity. Among the known, Jaccard’s and Sorensen’s indices are the most frequently employed similarity Indices. Here, we propose a new and efficient statistical approach in the field of ethnobiology and validate its efficacy by comparing the results with predefined similarity Indices used in previous studies. The core objective was to propose a new index for quantitative ethnobiological analyses and to find out solutions for sorting the plants having
similar ethnobiological uses in allied, aligned, national and global regions; as the pre-existing indices like Jaccard’s and Sorensen’s indices provides best estimates in the field of ecology but not in ethnobiological studies. In comparative ethnobiological studies, ethnobiologists use conventional ecological tools for evaluation of similarities and dissimilarities. Our proposed similarity index is based on the quantification
of similar uses of common medicinal plants via comparing present study with previously published reports from various areas where, the author(s) have used the Sorensen’s index and/or Jaccard’s index. To assess the significance and validity of this newly developed index, similarities and differences in
ethnomedicinal studies on medicinal plants in different regions were evaluated. Data regarding medicinal plants usage here was compared with 20 previously published studies and then analyzed through preexisting indices as well as Rahman’s index to examine the novelty in the study. Our preliminary results
revealed noteworthy coherence with the existing similarity indices, albeit, the new index was more efficient than the previous. Our comparison revealed, that as far as common vegetation and floral levels are concerned, the existing ecological coefficients of similarity are efficient and precise; but for similarities in the field of medicinal plant studies certain constraints are overcome by the proposed similarity index. Inferences derived from Rahman’s similarity index (RSI) are as reliable as the previously known and well-established similarity indices. Further, RSI specifically targets the ethnobiological similarities, a limitation in Jaccard’s and Sorensen’s indices. Thus, RSI would be a useful tool/index in the assessment of rigorous quantitative ethnobiological data.
Hec news and views august 2017- Participation of Pakistani Researchers in the...
Dr. Shujaul Mulk Khan, Assistant Professor of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad Pakistan and Dr. Zia-ur-Rahman Mashwani, Assistant Professor of Botany, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi Pakistan presented their research papers in the World’s largest botanical event ‘XIX International Botanical Congress (IBC 2017)’ that held at Convention and Exhibition Centre, Schenzhen China http://ibc2017.cn/. This event is organized after an interval of five years over the last two centuries. There were 6856 participants from 110 countries in this congress. Presentations of both the Pakistani speakers were highly appreciated by the participants.
Ecological assessment of plant communities along the edaphic and topographic ...
A study was conducted to explore the plant biodiversity and vegetation structure of Biha Valley, District Swat, Pakistan. On the basis of the physiognomy of the vegetation the study area was divided into 19 stands. Line transect (50 m) method was used to sample the phytosociological attributes of the study area. PCORD software (version 5) was used to recognize communities by two-way indicator species analysis (TWINSPAN) and CANOCO software (version 5) for ordination analysis was done for detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) and canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) to find variation directories of different plant species. Different life-form classes and leaf size spectra were recorded according to the Raunkiaer classification. The floristic composition of the area consists of 203 plant species belonging to 154 genera and 70 families. The biological spectrum of the area indicated that
Therophytes was dominant with 46.60% among the life-classes, followed by Hemicryptophytes having 15.53%. Leaf spectra of study area revealed that Microphylls was dominant (41.26%) followed by Nanophylls (32.04%). Seven plant communities were recognized by TWINSPAN classification, which showed that species diversity decreased with altitude. Moreover, the result indicates the importance of soil organic matter in top soil layers for plant species distribution. The increases in soil nutrients (OM, P, N, and K), improvement in site conditions (community cover, depth of litter, depth of humus, soil water
content) and decrease in soil bulk density indicated the natural habitat restoration following abandonment.
The morpho-agronomic characterization study of Lens culinaris germplasm under...
The present research study evaluate and identify the most suitable and high yielding genotypes of Lens culinaris for the salt marsh habitat of Swat in moist temperate sort of agro climatic environment of Pakistan. A total of fourteen genotypes were cultivated and analyzed through Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). These genotypes were AZRC-4, NL-2, NL4, NL-5, NL-6, NARC-11-1, NARC-11-2, NARC-11-3, NARC-11-4, 09503, 09505, 09506, P.Masoor-09 and Markaz-09. Different parameters i.e., germination rate, flowering, physiological maturity, plant height, biological grain yield, seed weight, pods formation and its height, pods per plants and protein content were focused specially throughout the study. Preliminary the Lentil genotypes have significant variability in all the major morpho-agronomic traits. The days to germination, 50% flowering and 100 seed weight ranged from 7 to 9, 110 to 116 days, and from 5.4 to 7.3 gm respectively. Biological yield and grain yield ranged from 5333 to 9777 kg ha−1 and 1933 to 3655 kg ha−1 respectively. Whereas, protein contents ranged from 23.21% to 28.45%. It was concluded that the genotype AZRC-4 is better varity in terms of grain yield plus in 100 seed weight and moreover, 09506 genotype was significant under salt marsh habitat in early maturing for the Swat Valley, Pakistan.
Ecological gradient analyses of plant associations in the thandiani forests o...
Abstract: In the summers of 2012 and 2013, vegetation of Thandiani in the Western Himalayas of Pakistan was surveyed and quantified. We took evidence from relationships between 252 species and 11 measured environmental factors as well as changes in the associations’ structure among 50 analysed stations with 1500 m2 plots. We analysed how the plant associations differ and develop under the influence of their respective ecological gradients. Preliminary results showed that the family Pinaceae was the most abundant family with a
family importance value (FIV) of 1892.4, followed by Rosaceae with FIV = 1478.2. Rosaceae, represented by 20 species, was the most dominant family, followed by Asteraceae and Ranunculaceae with 14 and 12 species each, respectively. Analyses via CANOCO software version 4.5 and GEO database demonstrated strong correlations among species distributions and environmental variables, i.e. elevation, topography, and edaphic factors. Our findings show an increase in species diversity and richness from lower elevation (1290 m at sea level (m asl) to higher elevation (2626 m asl). It is evident that aspect, elevation, and soil factors were the decisive variables affecting qualitative and quantitative attributes of vegetation in the study area. The P value ≤ 0.002 confirms a significant impact of abiotic factors that bring variation in vegetation. A 3D view of the study area was generated in ArcScene showing all the five plant associations. Graphs of scatter plot, point profile, and 3D line profile were added to the layout of plant association maps. The habitats of the five association types overlapped broadly but still retained their specific individuality. The execution of GIS framework gave spatial modelling, which ultimately helped in the recognition of indicator species of specific habitat or association type. These findings could further be utilised
in devising the forest policy and conservation management. This study also opens new doors of research in the field of biogeography, systematics, and wildlife.
Plant species and communities assessment in interaction with edaphic and topo...
The current analyses of vegetation were aimed to study the different effects of environmental variables on plant species and communities and their combined interactions to these variables, identified threats to local vegetation and suggestion for remedial measures in the Mount Eelum, Swat, Pakistan. For assessment of environmental variability quantitative ecological techniques were used through quadrats having sizes of 2 × 2, 5 × 5 and 10 × 10 m2 for herbs, shrubs and trees respectively. Result of the present study revealed 124 plant species in the study area. Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) was used to analyze the ecological gradient of vegetation. The environmental data and species abundance were used in CANOCO software version 4.5. The presence absence data of plant species were elaborated with Cluster and Two Way Cluster Analysis techniques using PC-ORD version 5 to show different species composition that resulted in five plant communities. Findings indicate that elevation, aspect and soil texture are the strongest variables that have significant effect on species composition and distribution of various communities shown with P value 0.0500. It is recommended to protect and use sensibly whole of the Flora normally and rare species particularly in the region.
Ecological assessment of plant communities in the peochar valley of the hindu...
This study quantified the effect of environmental variables on plant species composition in the Peochar Valley, located in the Hindu Raj mountains of the Hindu Kush. A mixture of quadrat and transect methods were used. Quadrat sizes were 10 × 10 m, 2 × 5 m, and 1 m2 for trees, shrubs, and herbs, respectively, determined using the minimal area method. Twenty-seven stations were established along 6 elevation transects on slopes with various aspects. Density, cover, and frequency were recorded for all species in each quadrat. Aspect, elevation, rock types, soil nature, and grazing pressure were also considered as edaphic and topographic variables. Preliminary results showed that the Peochar Valley hosts 120 species. Presence/absence data for these species were analyzed with cluster and 2-way cluster techniques to elaborate species composition in the study area; this resulted in 4 plant communities. Species abundance and environmental data matrices were developed to evaluate the ecological gradient of vegetation through canonical correspondence analysis. Of the environmental variables, elevation, aspect, grazing pressure, soil depth, and rock type showed a significant effect on species composition and diversity. We also identified the dominant and rare plant species in each plant community based on their low importance value indexes. Conservation measures are recommended for all flora of this valley and for rare species in particular.
Ethnobotany of the balti community, tormik valley, karakorum range, baltistan...
BACKGROUND:
Limited health facilities and malnutrition are major problems in the Karakorum Range of Northern Pakistan, often resulting in various human disorders. Since centuries, however, local communities in these areas have developed traditional methods for treating various ailments and local foods capes that can be significant for devising public health and nutritional policies. This study was intended to document the ethnobotanical knowledge of the local peoples in the Tormik Valley, especially in the medical and food domains.
METHODS:
Field trips were undertaken in 14 different villages of the study area from 2010 to 2012. Ethnobotanical data were gathered using semi-structured interviews and group conversation with 69 informants. Details about local uses of plant species were recorded along with demographic characteristics of the visited communities. Relative frequency citation index (RFCi) and preference ranking index (PRi) tools were applied to determine the cultural significance of the reported species.
RESULTS:
Sixty-three plant species, with a predominance of Asteraceae and Fabaceae family members, as well as their detailed folk uses were documented. Forty-three percent of the species were used to treat various diseases, 21 % were consumed as wild fruits and vegetables and 53 % of the species had multipurpose applications. Thymus linearis Benth, Hippophae rhamnoides ssp. turkestanica L. and Convolvulus arvensis L. were found to be the most utilized medicinal plant species, i.e. those with significant RFCi values (0.54, 0.51 and 0.48, respectively). Betula utilis D. Don was the most versatile taxon (seven different ways of utilization); being this species a common and easily accessible subalpine tree and then under anthropogenic pressure, the implementation of concrete strategies aimed at its in-situ and ex-situ conservation is strongly recommended.
CONCLUSION:
The valleys in the Karakorum Mountains in the Northern Pakistan host significant Traditional Knowledge on local food and medicinal plant species, which need to be reconsidered and cautiously re-evaluated by ethnopharmacologists, and public health/nutrition actors. Furthermore, germane trans-disciplinary investigations are suggested to ensure the dynamic conservation of precious local knowledge systems, as well as plant diversity in Pakistani mountain regions.
KEYWORDS:
Ethnobotany; Indigenous knowledge; Karakorum; Medicinal plants; Pakistan
The effect of potassium on growth and yield of strawberry (FRAGARIA ANANASSA ...
Fragaria ananassa (Duchesne ex Weston) Duchesne ex Rozier (Strawberry) variety chandler of Agriculture Research Station (ARS) Baffa, Mansehra was evaluated for different growth and yield parameters under five treatments. In this experiment Potassium was used in 5 different treatments of 3 replications (T0 = Control, T1 = 200 g/6.75m², T2 = 400 g/6.75m², T3 = 600 g/6.75m², T4 = 800 g/6.75m²). The results showed maximum value under T3 (405g/6.75m²) for characteristics like survival percentage (83.54%), plant height (32.05cm), canopy size (13.62cm), crown diameter (2.73cm), number of branches (35.83), number of leaves (67.00), leaf length (5.87cm), root length (3.51cm), total number of fruits (43.93), days to 50% fruiting (233.67), fruit diameter (3.96cm), fruit weight (411.40g). Moreover, transplanting date (20th Sep, 2013) is suitable to get maximum yield of strawberry variety “Chandler”. The findings of this experiment showed that great variations in morphological, physical and agronomic traits of strawberry variety and can be utilized to develop high yield and better quality of strawberry.
Vegetation mapping and multivariate approach to indicator species of a forest...
Abstract
Questions
Does the plant species composition of Thandiani sub Forests Division (TsFD) correlate with edaphic, topographic and climatic variables? Is it possible to identify different plant communities in relation to environmental gradients with special emphasis on indicator species? Can this approach to vegetation classification support conservation planning?
Location
Thandiani sub Forests Division, Western Himalayas.
Methods
Quantitative and qualitative characteristics of species along with environmental variables were measured using a randomly stratified design to identify the major plant communities and indicator species of the Thandiani sub Forests Division. Species composition was recorded in 10 × 2.5 × 2 and 0.5 × 0.5 m square plots for trees, shrubs and herbs, respectively. GPS, edaphic and topographic data were also recorded for each sample plot. A total of 1500 quadrats were established in 50 sampling stations along eight altitudinal transects encompassing eastern, western, northern and southern aspects (slopes). The altitudinal range of the study area was 1290 m to 2626 m above sea level using. The relationships between species composition and environmental variables were analyzed using Two Way Cluster Analysis (TWCA) and Indicator Species Analysis (ISA) via PCORD version 5.
Results
A total of 252 plant species belonging to 97 families were identified. TWCA and ISA recognized five plant communities. ISA additionally revealed that mountain slope aspect, soil pH and soil electrical conductivity were the strongest environmental factors (p ≤ 0.05) determining plant community composition and indicator species in each habitat. The results also show the strength of the environment-species relationship using Monte Carlo procedures.
Conclusions
An analysis of vegetation along an environmental gradient in the Thandiani sub Forests Division using the Braun-Blanquet approach confirmed by robust tools of multivariate statistics identified indicators of each sort of microclimatic zones/vegetation communities which could further be used in conservation planning and management not only in the area studied but in the adjacent regions exhibit similar sort of environmental conditions.
More from Shujaul Mulk Khan (20)
Taxonomic investigation of selected rust fungi using scanning.pdf
Taxonomic investigation of selected rust fungi using scanning.pdf
Evolvulus nummularius (L.) L. (Convolvulaceae).pdf
Evolvulus nummularius (L.) L. (Convolvulaceae).pdf
Methods of grapes cultivation انگور کی کاشت کے طریقے
Methods of grapes cultivation انگور کی کاشت کے طریقے
Mazri (nannorrhops ritchiana (griff) aitch.) a remarkable source of manufact...
Mazri (nannorrhops ritchiana (griff) aitch.) a remarkable source of manufact...
Characterization of cobalt oxide and calcium aluminum
Characterization of cobalt oxide and calcium aluminum
Phytogeographic classification using multivariate approach
Phytogeographic classification using multivariate approach
The indispensable bond between mazri palm (nannorrhops ritchiana) and the ind...
The indispensable bond between mazri palm (nannorrhops ritchiana) and the ind...
Pollen morphological variation of berberis l. from pakistan and its systemati...
Pollen morphological variation of berberis l. from pakistan and its systemati...
A new ethnobiological similarity index for the evaluation of novel use reports
A new ethnobiological similarity index for the evaluation of novel use reports
Hec news and views august 2017- Participation of Pakistani Researchers in the...
Hec news and views august 2017- Participation of Pakistani Researchers in the...
Ecological assessment of plant communities along the edaphic and topographic ...
Ecological assessment of plant communities along the edaphic and topographic ...
The morpho-agronomic characterization study of Lens culinaris germplasm under...
The morpho-agronomic characterization study of Lens culinaris germplasm under...
Ecological gradient analyses of plant associations in the thandiani forests o...
Ecological gradient analyses of plant associations in the thandiani forests o...
Plant species and communities assessment in interaction with edaphic and topo...
Plant species and communities assessment in interaction with edaphic and topo...
Ecological assessment of plant communities in the peochar valley of the hindu...
Ecological assessment of plant communities in the peochar valley of the hindu...
Ethnobotany of the balti community, tormik valley, karakorum range, baltistan...
Ethnobotany of the balti community, tormik valley, karakorum range, baltistan...
The effect of potassium on growth and yield of strawberry (FRAGARIA ANANASSA ...
The effect of potassium on growth and yield of strawberry (FRAGARIA ANANASSA ...
Vegetation mapping and multivariate approach to indicator species of a forest...
Vegetation mapping and multivariate approach to indicator species of a forest...
Recently uploaded
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
Navigating the complex landscape of AI governance
Navigating the complex landscape of AI governance: Challenges, tools, and guidance for a trustworthy future
Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024
Situated in Pondicherry, India, Kuddle Life Foundation is a charitable, non-profit and non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to improving the living standards of coastal communities and simultaneously placing a strong emphasis on the protection of marine ecosystems.
One of the key areas we work in is Artificial Reefs. This presentation captures our journey so far and our learnings. We hope you get as excited about marine conservation and artificial reefs as we are.
Please visit our website: https://kuddlelife.org
Our Instagram channel:
@kuddlelifefoundation
Our Linkedin Page:
https://www.linkedin.com/company/kuddlelifefoundation/
and write to us if you have any questions:
info@kuddlelife.org
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Ventures
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
Follow us on: Pinterest
Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
ppt on beauty of the nature by Palak.pptx
The ppt beauty of nature tell us about the beautiful environmental resources like water, land, etc..
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdf
Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
AGRICULTURE Hydrophonic FERTILISER PPT.pptx
It's a research paper ppt which consit of hydrophonic farming in agriculture
Presentación Giulio Quaggiotto-Diálogo improbable .pptx.pdf
Presentación Giulio Quaggiotto-Diálogo improbable .pptx.pdfInnovation and Technology for Development Centre
presentación en el marco de un diálogo improbable DRAFT NRW Recreation Strategy - People and Nature thriving together
Natural Resources Wales’ draft Recreation Strategy - People and Nature thriving together
Alert-driven Community-based Forest monitoring: A case of the Peruvian Amazon
Presented by Arun Pratihast at Workshop “Lecciones para el monitoreo transparente: Experiencias de la Amazonia peruana”, 7 Mei 2024 in Lima, Peru.
International+e-Commerce+Platform-www.cfye-commerce.shop
International+e-Commerce+Platform-www.cfye-commerce.shop
Natural farming @ Dr. Siddhartha S. Jena.pptx
A brief about organic farming/ Natural farming/ Zero budget natural farming/ Subash Palekar Natural farming which keeps us and environment safe and healthy. Next gen Agricultural practices of chemical free farming.
Recently uploaded (20)
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...
Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024
Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Ventures
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Ventures
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...
Presentación Giulio Quaggiotto-Diálogo improbable .pptx.pdf
Presentación Giulio Quaggiotto-Diálogo improbable .pptx.pdf
DRAFT NRW Recreation Strategy - People and Nature thriving together
DRAFT NRW Recreation Strategy - People and Nature thriving together
Alert-driven Community-based Forest monitoring: A case of the Peruvian Amazon
Alert-driven Community-based Forest monitoring: A case of the Peruvian Amazon
growbilliontrees.com-Trees for Granddaughter (1).pdf
growbilliontrees.com-Trees for Granddaughter (1).pdf
International+e-Commerce+Platform-www.cfye-commerce.shop
International+e-Commerce+Platform-www.cfye-commerce.shop
Weed species distribution pattern in maize crop of mardan, pakistan
- 1. Zeeshan Ahmad Shujaul Mulk Khan Weed species distribution pattern in maize crop of Mardan, Pakistan Weeds are unwanted plant species growing in the domesticated crops. Like other crops maize also faces the problem of competition with weeds. Severe loses in yield up to 70% of maize have been reported in small scale farming due to weeds. Composition and abundance of weeds is influenced by a number of environmental variables as well as farming practices in an ecosystem. Present study was formulated to measure the effect of environmental variables on weed species composition, abundance, distribution pattern and formation of various weeds communities in District Mardan, Pakistan. Phytosociological attributes such as density, frequency, relative density, relative frequency and Importance Values were measured for each field.Presence absence data of 29 species and 65 fields were analyzed using Cluster and Two Way Cluster Analyses via PC-ORD version 5 that resulted in four major weed communities. CANOCO software version 4.5 was used to evaluate the environmental gradients of weeds through Canonical Correspondence Analyses (CCA). Results showed that among all environmental variables the strongest variables were CaCO3, high phosphorous concentration, and higher electric conductivity. Book authors are; 1. Mr Zeeshan Ahmad MPhil Scholar and 2. Dr Shujaul Mulk Khan Assistant Professor, from Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid- i-Azam University Islamabad 978-3-659-96215-8