This document provides an overview of web servers, including their definitions, uses, types, and specific protocols. It details the Apache web server, its modules, virtual hosting, and server-side scripting using CGI. The content also discusses the evolution and functionality of web servers and their interaction with external programs.

1. INTERNET APPLICATIONS
Web Server
PRESENTED BY:
ABDUL MAJEED AL-KATTAN
RABEE AL-RASS
RAHAF AAMER
RIMON KORONI
SANDRA SUKARIEH

2. The Content
• Definition of Web Server
• Uses of Web Server
• Types of Web Server
• Apache Web Server
• Protocols of Web Server
• Virtual Hosting
• Server Side Scripting
• CGI

3. Definition of Web Server
What is a Web Server?
• A computer or a group of computers used to
store web pages, files and documents.
• Making these pages available to be reached
through web browsers.
• Offering different services to customers from all
over the world.

4. Uses of Web Server
What are the uses of a Web Server?
• Store and retrieve data.
• Host web sites and provide access.

5. • The first web server in 1989:
CERN httpd
Types of Web Server

6. Nginx web server
Internet Information Services(IIS)
Lighttpd
Sun Java System Web Server
Jigsaw Server
Apache Tomcat
Google server
Types of Web Server

7. Apache Web Server
• Started in 1995.
• Open source software.
• Works with different
operating systems.
• Serves about 54.2% of
websites.

8. Apache Web Server
Apache Modules:
mod_access
•Allow
•Deny
•Order
mod_auth
•AuthGroupFile
•AuthUserFile
•AuthAuthoritative
mod_digest
mod_ssl
Mod-rewrite

9. Protocols
FTP
POP
IMAP
SMTP
Protocols of Web Server

10. POP IMAP
Local storage for messages Server storage for messages
Easy local backup Difficult local backup
Higher speed High speed
Cause of losing messages
Disadvantages
Protocols of Web Server

11. Virtualhosting
Named-based
virtual hosting
IP-based virtual
hosting
Virtual Hosting

12. Named-based virtual hosting
• Multiple domain names for the same IP address.
• Determine the host name in the HTTP header.
• SSLTLS handshake problem and solution (Server Name
Indication ).
• DNS problem and solution (hosts file).
Virtual Hosting

13. IP-based virtual hosting
• Only one site for each IP address.
• Solve the consensual problem.
• The problem of increasing administrative overhead.
• The problem of IPv4 address exhaustion.
Virtual Hosting

14. Server side scripting

15. CGI
What is “Common Language Gateway”?
• Defines a way for a web server to interact with
external content-generating programs.
• These programs are referred to as CGI programs
or CGI scripts.
• It’s the simplest, and most common, way to put
dynamic content on your web site.

16. CGI
Configuring Apache to permit CGI
• Ensure that the cgi_module is loaded in your httpd.conf
file.
LoadModule cgi_module modules/mod_cgi.so
• The ScriptAlias directive tells Apache that a particular
directory is set aside for CGI programs.
ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ /usr/local/apache2/cgi-bin/
• The .htaccess file lets you activate CGI programs if you
don’t have access to httpd.conf configuration file.

17. CGI
FastCGI
• A binary protocol for interfacing interactive
programs with a web server.
• A variation on the earlier Common Gateway
Interface (CGI).
• Its main aim is to reduce the overhead associated
with interfacing the web server and CGI
programs.

18. Questions