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![. Example of an HTTP Request
.
from a Web browser
Command URL HTTP version
]- Request
GET http://www.kelley.indiana.edu/ardennis/home.htm HTTP/1.1
Date: Mon 06 Aug 2001 17:35:46 GMT Line
User-Agent: Mozilla/6.0 Web browser (this is Netscape)
]- Request
Referer: http://www.indiana.edu/~aisdept/faculty.htm Header
URL that contained the link to the requested URL
.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/webserver-120224070639-phpapp02/75/Web-server-10-2048.jpg)
![HTTP response from a Web server
HTTP version Status code Reason
.
.
HTTP/1.1 200 OK ]- Response Status
Date: Mon 06 Aug 2001 17:35:46 GMT ]- Date
Server: NCSA/1.3 ]- Web server Response
Location: http:// www.kelley.indiana.edu/adennis/home.htm ]- URL Header
Content-type: text/html ]- Type of file
<html>
<head>
<title>Allen R. Dennis</title>
</head>
<body> Response
<H2> Allen R. Dennis </H2> Body
<P>Welcome to the home page of Allen R. Dennis</P>
</body>
</html>](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/webserver-120224070639-phpapp02/75/Web-server-12-2048.jpg)
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Web server
- 1. WEB SERVER PRESENTED BY– SPRESENTED BY – SOURABH MULCHANDANI 4TH YEAR , 7TH SEM EC (B) OURABH MULCHANDANI 4TH YEAPRESENTED BY – SOURABH MULCHANDANI 4TH YEAR , 7TH SEM EC (B) R , 7TH SEM EC (B) PRESENTED BY – DARANIYA NIRAV - 090540107004 3TH YEAR , 5TH SEM CE
- 2. What is webserver A web server can be referred to as either the hardware (the computer) or the software (the computer application) That helps to deliver content that can be accessed through the Internet.
- 3. History of web serversfirst web server. The world's In 1989 Tim Berners-Lee proposed to his employer CERN (European Organization for Nuclear Research) a new project, which had the goal of easing the exchange of information between scientists by using a hypertext system. As a result of the implementation of this project, in 1990 Berners-Lee wrote two programs:
- 4. . a browser called WorldWideWeb; the world's first web server, later known as CERN httpd, which ran on NeXTSTEP.
- 5. Use Of WebServer Host the websites. Data storage. To deliver web page on request of client. To deliver a HTML documents. To deliver images , videos etc. serving only a local network monitoring and/or administrating
- 6. . Ways To Request Content Hypertext Transfer Protocol(HTTP) File Transfer Protocol(FTP) Internet Message Access Protocol(IMAP)
- 7. Common features Virtualhosting to serve many Web sites using one IP address. Large file support to be able to serve files whose size is greater than 2 GB on 32 bit OS. Bandwidth throttling to limit the speed of responses in order to not saturate the network and to be able to serve more clients. Server-side scripting to generate dynamic Web pages, still keeping Web server and Web site implementations separate from each other.
- 8. How the WWWWorks
- 9.
- 10. . Example of an HTTP Request . from a Web browser Command URL HTTP version ]- Request GET http://www.kelley.indiana.edu/ardennis/home.htm HTTP/1.1 Date: Mon 06 Aug 2001 17:35:46 GMT Line User-Agent: Mozilla/6.0 Web browser (this is Netscape) ]- Request Referer: http://www.indiana.edu/~aisdept/faculty.htm Header URL that contained the link to the requested URL .
- 11. The Request When you sit down at your computer and point your browser to your favorite website there are several transactions that take place. First, your browser sends a request to the server. This request header has a defined format that is set by the W3C, the organization that establishes the standards for communicating through HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) as well as other internet standards. This header looks similar to the following:
- 12. HTTP response froma Web server HTTP version Status code Reason . . HTTP/1.1 200 OK ]- Response Status Date: Mon 06 Aug 2001 17:35:46 GMT ]- Date Server: NCSA/1.3 ]- Web server Response Location: http:// www.kelley.indiana.edu/adennis/home.htm ]- URL Header Content-type: text/html ]- Type of file <html> <head> <title>Allen R. Dennis</title> </head> <body> Response <H2> Allen R. Dennis </H2> Body <P>Welcome to the home page of Allen R. Dennis</P> </body> </html>
- 13. Developing a Response After it has this information parsed, it uses it to create a response header. First it will verify that the file exists and the user has permissions to view it. Next it will build the response header, and then send the header and the file (if applicable) to the client IP. A example header looks like this
- 14. Installing a web server (Apache)
- 15. Hosting a website: Self hosting Install a web server on a computer Local access ◦ Using domain <localhost> ◦ or IP address 127.0.0.1 ◦ Necessary for server-side programming development Global access ◦ Register a human-readable domain name ◦ Obtain IP address Static: Costs more Dynamic: Needs dynamic DNS system, e.g. http://www.dyndns.com/
- 16. . After instalation of Apache 6.0 in your PC You goto following path: C:Program FilesApache Software FoundationTomcat 6.0 web apps In web apps folder paste your websites contiants . Close the window.
- 17. . Now goto your web browser. Write URL as… http://localhost:8080/mywebsite/a.html Now you can access your website contain.
- 18. Load limits A Web server (program) has defined load limits, because it can handle only a limited number of concurrent client connections (usually between 2 and 80,000, by default between 500 and 1,000) per IP address (and TCP port) and it can serve only a certain maximum number of requests per second depending on:
- 19. . its own settings; the HTTP request type; content origin (static or dynamic); the fact that the served content is or is not cached; the hardware and software limitations of the OS where it is working; When a Web server is near to or over its limits, it becomes unresponsive.
- 20. Overload causes At any time web servers can be overloaded because of: Too much legitimate web traffic. Thousands or even millions of clients connecting to the web site in a short interval, e.g., Slashdot effect XSS viruses can cause high traffic because of millions of infected browsers and/or Web servers;
- 21. . Internet (network) slowdowns, so that client requests are served more slowly and the number of connections increases so much that server limits are reached;
- 22. Overload symptoms TCPconnections are refused or reset (interrupted) before any content is sent to clients; in very rare cases, only partial contents are sent (but this behavior may well be considered a bug, even if it usually depends on unavailable system resources).
- 23. Anti-overload techniques To partially overcome above load limits and to prevent overload, most popular Web sites use common techniques like: managing network traffic, by using: Firewalls to block unwanted traffic coming from bad IP sources or having bad patterns; HTTP traffic managers to drop, redirect or rewrite requests having bad HTTP patterns;
- 24. . deploying Web cache techniques using different domain names to serve different (static and dynamic) content by separate Web servers, i.e.: ◦ http://images.example.com ◦ http://www.example.com adding using more efficient computer programs for Web servers, etc.; more hardware resources (i.e. RAM, disks) to each computer;
- 25.