The document discusses the processes of weathering and erosion. It defines weathering as the chemical and physical breakdown of rocks due to water, air, organisms and humans. There are two types of weathering: physical and chemical. Physical weathering breaks rocks into smaller pieces without changing their chemical composition, while chemical weathering alters the chemical makeup of rocks. The byproducts of weathering are sediment and soil. Erosion is then defined as the transport and deposition of these sediments elsewhere by forces like water, wind, and glaciers.

1. statue Grand Canyon Sand Pile What do These 3 Things Have in Common??

2. They have all been subjected to the process of WEATHERING

3. weathering

4. WEATHERING : is THE CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROCESS THAT CHANGES ROCK

5. For weathering to occur the rocks must be exposed to: WATER (hydrosphere) AIR (atmosphere) ACTION OF HUMANS & OTHER LIVING ORGANISMS

6. Evidence of Weathering: the end product of the weathering of rock is SEDIMENT

7. PHYSICAL WEATHERING: ROCKS ARE BROKEN INTO SMALLER PIECES WITHOUT CHANGING THE CHEMICAL NATURE OF THE ROCK

8. Explain how water and wind can can cause physical weathering in the following ways:

9. The alternate freezing and thawing of water

10. WATER EXPANDS WHEN IT FREEZES This is called…….

11. Ice Wedging or Frost Action

12. a weathered sidewalk

13. Half Dome in Yosemite California

14. *ABRASION

15. RUNNING WATER AND WIND CAN RUB OR WEAR DOWN ROCKS

17. RUNNING WATER AND WIND CAN CAUSE ROCKS TO RUB AGAINST EACH OTHER AND WEAR THEM DOWN

18. * BIOLOGIC ACTIVITY

19. A sidewalk being lifted by the tree roots!!

21. PLANT ROOTS EXPOSES NEW SURFACES TO WEATHERING

22. *Humans can influence the rate of weathering by the use of powerful equipment

23. If you increase the surface area you will ___________ the rate of weathering increase

24. Surface area rate of weathering

25. CHEMICAL WEATHERING : Rocks are broken and the chemical composition is also ___________ CHANGED

26. OXIDATION OCCURS WHEN __________ FROM AIR COMBINES WITH ___________ TO FORM OXIDES OXYGEN MINERALS RUST

27. This was washed up on a beach!!

28. A rusty gate……

29. CARBONATION OCCURS WHEN __________ CONTAINING __________ ACID DISSOLVES MINERALS WATER CARBONIC

30. EX. LIMESTONE CAVES

33. * POLLUTANTS can speed up the rate of chemical weathering OXIDES OF SULFER AND NITROGEN MAKE RAINWATER UNNATURALLY ACIDIC ACID RAIN

34. HYDRATION OCCURS WHEN _______ SUCH AS MICA AND FELDSPAR ABSORB ________ AND WEAKEN AND FORM ________ MINERALS WATER CLAY

36. CLIMATIC EFFECTS ON WEATHERING : PHYSICAL WEATHERING DOMINATES IN COLD, MOIST CLIMATES

37. CLIMATIC EFFECTS ON WEATHERING: CHEMICAL WEATHERING DOMINATES IN WARM, MOIST CLIMATES

38. IN GENERAL WHEN THERE IS MORE THERE IS MORE WEATHERING MOISTURE

39. CLEOPATRA’S NEEDLE Central Park

40. RATE OF WEATHERING ALSO DEPENDS ON: MINERAL COMPOSITION ROCK RESISTANCE (HARDNESS)

42. SHALE SANDSTONE SHALE SANDSTONE LIMESTONE SHALE DOLOSTONE WHICH ROCK IS THE MOST RESISTANT TO WEATHERING? WATER

43. SHALE SANDSTONE SHALE SANDSTONE LIMESTONE SHALE DOLOSTONE WHICH ROCK IS THE MOST RESISTANT TO WEATHERING?

44. SHALE SANDSTONE SHALE SANDSTONE LIMESTONE SHALE WHICH ROCK IS THE LEAST RESISTANT TO WEATHERING? DOLOSTONE

45. SHALE SANDSTONE SHALE SANDSTONE LIMESTONE SHALE WHICH ROCK IS THE LEAST RESISTANT TO WEATHERING? DOLOSTONE

46. SOIL FORMATION: SOIL IS THE COMBINATION OF: ROCK PARTICLES MINERALS ORGANIC MATTER

47. THE END RESULT OF WEATHERING AND BIOLOGIC ACTIVITY IS: soil

48. Adding to a compost pile

51. EROSION

52. EROSION: TRANSPORT OF SEDIMENTS

53. AND DEPOSITING THEM ELSEWHERE

55. EROSION IS DRIVEN BY THE FORCE OF GRAVITY

56. THE AGENTS OF EROSION ARE: RUNNING WATER WIND MOVING ICE (GLACIERS)

57. Each Agent of Erosion Produces it’s Own Characteristic shape and Texture in the Sediment :

59. ROUNDS AND SMOOTHES THE ROCK SURFACE ALSO MAKES IT SMALLER

60. WIND BLOWN SEDIMENTS FROST AND PIT THE ROCK SURFACE

61. SMALL SEDIMENTS IN THE GLACIER POLISHES & SMOOTHES THE ROCK SURFACE LARGE SEDIMENTS SCRATCH AND STRIATE THE ROCK SURFACE

62. FALLEN ROCKS ARE SHARP & ANGULAR

63. RUNNING WATER The primary agent of erosion is:

64. Colorado River

65. Grand Canyon

66. Niagra Falls