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Unit 1: Energy Power Point Science 8
- 1. Unit 1: ENERGY Stop Monkey-N-ing around and Go Green already! P.S. I’m Mookie the Monkey 1
- 2. What is ENERGY? Energy is the ability to do Work! _______! 2
- 3. Work occurs whena force! causes an _____ object to _____ in move! the same direction as the force.! 3
- 5. FORMS OF ENERGY Bothbasic states of energy, Kinetic and potential, can exist in many forms!!
- 6. THERMAL (HEAT) Thetotal Kinetic! ________ energy of the particles in matter. (molecular motion)! 6
- 7. SOUND A type ofmechanical energy. It is the energy produced when vibrate! objects ________. Ex: tuning fork, bell! 7
- 8. MECHANICAL Energy with which moving!objects ______ perform work.! Ex: Wind, flowing water, using a hammer! 8
- 9. ELECTRICITY A form of energy produced by movement! the ________ electrons! of ________! 9
- 10. CHEMICAL Energy STORED in chemical bonds!that can ____ be released. Ex: food, fossil fuels, battery acid! 10
- 11. STORED MECHANICAL ENERGY: Stored energy due to a change in the shape of an object. Ex: ! A stretched rubber band! _______________! 11
- 12. STORED MECHANICAL ENERGY: 12
- 13. LIGHT A form ofradiant! _______ energy that moves in a wave! ______.! Ex: lamp, stars! 13
- 14. SOLAR ENERGY All formsof energy that SUN! come from the ______.! 14
- 15. NUCLEAR Energy STORED in the nucleus! ________ (center)of an atom.! Ex: nuclear bombs! 15
- 16. GEOTHERMAL (HEAT) Heat energySTORED within Earth! the _____. Ex:! Volcanic eruptions, geysers! 16
- 17. All forms ofenergy can be classified as Kinetic or potential. The two basic states of energy. So, what’s the difference?!17
- 21. POTENTIAL ENERGY 1) Potentialenergy is stored energy due to and object’s _____________! Position! 21
- 22. POTENTIAL ENERGY 2) An object that is lifted from its position on Earth gravitational! has __________ potential Energy which depends on height! ______ and mass! 22
- 23. POTENTIAL ENERGY 3) Massiveobjects have _____ more! potential energy than less massive objects! 23
- 24. POTENTIAL ENERGY 4) Anobject at a higher elevation will have more! _____ potential energy than an object at a lower elevation! 24
- 25. KINETIC ENERGY 1) Kineticis energy of ! Motion! ___________! 25
- 26. KINETIC ENERGY 2) Kineticdepends on the _____ and the MASS! _______ of an SPEED! object.! 26
- 27. KINETIC ENERGY 3) Faster objects More! have ____ kinetic energy than slower objects.! 27
- 28. REVIEW QUESTONS: WHICH SKIIERHAS THE GREATEST KINETIC ENERGY? A B D C
- 29. WHICH SKIIER HASTHE GREATEST POTENTIAL ENERGY? A B D C
- 30. ENERGY TRANSFORMATIONS Doyou remember the LAW OF CONSERVATION OF MASS AND ENERGY?! 30
- 31. Law of Conservationof ENERGY: (same for mass) Can’t be made Mass/ NRG ____________ Mass/ NRG ______________ Can’t be destroyed Mass/ Energy can only __________ Change form!!!
- 32. DURING ENERGY CHANGES, IFONE BODYIS LOSING ENERGY, Gaining THE OTHER IS _______ ENERGY: THE WAVE LOSES ENERGY: THE SAND GAINS ENERGY
- 33. DURING ENERGY CHANGES, IFONE BODYIS LOSING ENERGY THE OTHER IS GAINING ENERGY: THE WAVE LOSES ENERGY: THE SAND GAINS ENERGY
- 34. DURING ENERGY CHANGES THETOTAL ENERGY REMAINS THE SAME ENERGY ALWAYS FLOWS FROM HIGH TO LOW (source to sink)
- 35. THE ENERGY WILLFLOW FROM: THE FLAME TO THE FINGER
- 36. ENERGY WILL FLOWFROM ICE THE FINGER TO THE ICE
- 37. THE LIQUID LOSES ENERGY AS THE ICE GAINS ENERGY
- 38. WHEN WILL THEEXCHANGE OF ENERGY STOP? WHEN EQUILIBRIUM IS REACHED THE LIQUID AND THE ICE REACH THE SAME TEMPERATURE
- 39. UNUSABLE ENERGY: Very oftenduring the energy transformation process, heat! some ____ energy is produced due to friction. This is wasted energy and is lost to the environment.! 39
- 40. ENERGY TRANSFORMATIONS Example: A! television changes ! electrical NRG! into light and! sound NRG! 40
- 41.
- 42. Do Now: Focused FreeWrite What is different about how each of the three popcorns? How were they made? Explain!
- 43.
- 44. Energy moves from regionsof high _________ concentration to low ________ concentrations of energy. 44
- 45.
- 46. There are 3 methodsof Energy Transfer Radiation ConDuction ConVection
- 47.
- 48. Explanation of Transfer Directcontact (touch) Molecule To Molecule
- 49. -Conduction is aform of heat transfer by contact! direct _______ of molecules! 49
- 50. Best Medium for energy transfer -Conduction occurs solids! fastest in _______! 50
- 51. metals! are thebest -_______ conductors of he heat energy.! 51
- 52. Examples Touching a hot surface Electricity
- 53.
- 54.
- 55. Explanation of Transfer Energytransfer Due to Density differences
- 56. -Convection is aform of heat transfer that occurs by up and down motions of a fluid! _______ due to differences in ______! density! 56
- 57. Best Medium for energytransfer fluids! -occurs ONLY in _____ which are liquids and gases!! 57
- 58. Examples Hot air orwater rising Volcanoes Lava lamp
- 59.
- 60.
- 61. Explanation of Transfer Electromagnetic(EM) waves that move Through a vacuum (empty space)
- 62. -radiation is thetransfer of heat in waves! _____.! 62
- 63. -Electromagnetic radiation travels at the speed of ______.! light! 63
- 64. Best Medium for energytransfer No medium needed
- 65.
- 66. HEAT NOTES 1. HEAT:the energy of particles! moving __________! 66
- 67. HEAT NOTES 2. HOTOBJECTS contain more! __________ heat than than cold ones! 67
- 68. HEAT NOTES 3. Allobjects above Absolute zero! __________ contain heat! 68
- 69. HEAT NOTES 4. Heatalways flows hotter! from ______ objects to ______ objects cooler! until the objects same! reach _____ temperature.! 69
- 70. HEAT NOTES 5. Thegreater the difference in temperature between the two objects, the faster! _________ heat is transferred.! 70
- 71. HOW IS HEAT TRANSFERREDBETWEEN OBJECTS? 71
- 72.
- 73. Name that typeof heat transfer! Conduction! Radiation! Convection! 73
- 74. Heat Transfer across theglobe http://www.classzone.com/ books/earth_science/terc/ content/visualizations/ es1705/es1705page01.cfm
- 75. Specific Heat Quantity ofheat needed to raise One gram of any Substance by 1 degree Celsius
- 76. Specific Heat The higherthe Specific heat… The more energy is needed to raise the temperature
- 77. Read the Did youknow box!!!
- 78. Measuring Specific Heat Energy canbe measures in many different ways. Typical units include: Joules ____________________, _________________, & Watts calories ___________________
- 79. The term “Joule”is named after English Scientist James Prescott Joule who lived from 1818 to 1889. He discovered that Heat is a type of Energy! 1,000 joules =1 kilojoule = 1 Btu
- 80.
- 81. Matter is anything madeof atoms and molecules.
- 82.
- 83. Motion How is it Does it have Volume? (Kinetic bonded? A definite energy) shape? Solid Little K.E. Molecules Strong yes yes vibrate More Liquid K.E. Not Molecules bonded no yes move freely rigidly Most Gas K.E. Not no no Molecules move bonded fast
- 84. What are thechanges of phase called? FREEZING solid liquid MELTING CONDENSATION liquid gas VAPORIZATION
- 85. 2. ENERGY ISRELEASED (lost) DURING: FREEZING SOLID LIQUID CONDENSATION LIQUID GAS from higher K.E. to lower K.E.
- 86. 3. ENERGY ISABSORBED (gained) DURING: MELTING SOLID LIQUID VAPORIZATION LIQUID GAS from lower K.ETo higher K.E.
- 87. Energy stored duringa phase change is called Latent heat __________________ No change in temperature 87
- 88. TAKE OUT YOUR EARTH SCIENCE REFERENCE TABLES 88
- 89. Heating Curve ofWater VAPORIZATION 100 STEAM temp CONDENSATION 0C WATER MELT 0 FREEZE ICE HEAT ENERGY ADDED (Joules)
- 90. MELTING / FREEZING Energy is absorbed + 334 J/gram 00 C 00 C - 334 J/gram Energy is released
- 91. VAPORIZATION/ CONDENSATION Energy is absorbed +2260 J/g 1000 C -2260 J/g 1000 C Energy is released
- 92. 1. Which phasechanges release energy? freezing & condensation 2. Which phase changes absorb energy? Vaporization & melting 3. Which phase has the most K.E.? GAS (STEAM)
- 94. Waves: Waves are disturbances that transfer energy from place to place. If you throw a stone into a pond, circular waves move along the surface since some of the stones kinetic energy was transferred.
- 95. Waves: The substancethrough which waves travel is called a medium. This can be solid, liquid or gas. Light does not need a medium it can travel through empty space called a vacuum.
- 96. Waves: There are twotypes of waves: Transverse and Compressional. Compressional Transverse
- 97. Sound Energy: Sound wavesare compressional and they need a medium to travel through. When sound travels through air its vibrates the air molecules until it reaches your ear and then it vibrates the bones and tissues of your ear.
- 98. Sound Energy: Sound wavesare much slower than light waves. This is why you see lighting before your hear thunder. Light waves are transverse.
- 100. The Earth isalways trying to achieve Equilibrium Energy is constantly being re-distributed flowing from source to sink
- 101. The Earth Receives Energy from two sources:
- 102.
- 103. Radioactive Energy CORE
- 104. All matter radiates some _____________ Electromagnetic _____________ Energy
- 105. The sun emitsenergy in _____ ALL wavelengths of the electromagnetic spectrum
- 106. ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM: REFERENCE TABLE PAGE 14 10-10 10-8 10-6 10-4 10-2 10 0 10 2 10 4 gamma X ray Microwaves Ultra Infrared violet Radio waves Increasingwavelength Decreasingwavelength visible Violet Blue Green Yellow Orange Red
- 107. Each type ofenergy differs in its wavelength __________ 10-10 10-8 10-6 10-4 10-2 10 0 10 2 10 4 gamma X ray Microwaves Ultra Infrared violet Radio waves Increasingwavelength Decreasingwavelength visible Violet Blue Green Yellow Orange Red
- 108. A wavelength isthe distance between two crests of the wave.
- 109. Frequency is definedas a number of cycles per unit time.
- 110. The Sun givesoff light and heat in the form of VISIBLE _________________ and UV __________________ electromagnetic energy.
- 111. However, the short wavelengths (dangerousUV radiation) are mostly GAMMA absorbed by the ozone so they don’t OZONE reach earth’s surface
- 112. The Ozone layeris found in the stratosphere _________________ layer of the atmosphere.
- 113. 10-10 10-8 10-6 10-4 10-2 10 0 10 2 10 4 gamma X ray Microwaves Ultra Infrared violet Radio waves Increasingwavelength Decreasingwavelength visible Violet Blue Green Yellow Orange Red
- 114. ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM: REFERENCE TABLE PAGE 14 10-10 10-8 10-6 10-4 10-2 10 0 10 2 10 4 gamma X ray Microwaves Ultra Infrared violet Radio waves Increasingwavelength Decreasingwavelength visible Violet Blue Green Yellow Orange Red
- 115. SHORT WAVE LENGTHS AREMOSTLY ABSORBED by THE OZONE IN THE STRATOSPHERE gamma, X-RAYS OZONE
- 116. ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM: REFERENCE TABLE PAGE 14 10-10 10-8 10-6 10-4 10-2 10 0 10 2 10 4 gamma X ray Microwaves Ultra Infrared violet Radio waves Increasingwavelength Decreasingwavelength visible Violet Blue Green Yellow Orange Red
- 117. SHORT WAVE LENGTHS AREMOSTLY ABSORBED by THE OZONE IN THE STRATOSPHERE gamma, x-rays, UV OZONE
- 118. ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM: REFERENCE TABLE PAGE 14 10-10 10-8 10-6 10-4 10-2 10 0 10 2 10 4 gamma X ray Microwaves Ultra Infrared violet Radio waves Increasingwavelength Decreasingwavelength visible Violet Blue Green Yellow Orange Red
- 119. This energy isabsorbed by Earth’s surface, which in turn reradiates the energy in the form of heat called infrared ________________ radiation
- 120. OZONE VISIBLE LIGHT : PASSESTHROUGH THE ATMOSPHERE WITH THE GREATEST INTENSITY
- 122. ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM: REFERENCE TABLE PAGE 14 10-10 10-8 10-6 10-4 10-2 10 0 10 2 10 4 gamma X ray Microwaves Ultra Infrared violet Radio waves Increasingwavelength Decreasingwavelength visible Violet Blue Green Yellow Orange Red
- 124. 10-10 10-8 10-6 10-4 10-2 10 0 10 2 10 4 gamma X ray Microwaves Ultra Infrared violet Radio waves Increasingwavelength Decreasingwavelength visible Violet Blue Green Yellow Orange Red
- 125. Sun emits all Infrared: wavelengths Heat energy that Earth re-radiates
- 126. How does too MuchCO2 contribute to Global warming? CO2 H2 0 VAPOR INFRARED METHANE GAS CO2 absorbs infrared
- 127. Interactions between Electromagnetic Energy & The Environment:
- 128. 1. ABSORBTION -UV ABSORBED by OZONE IN STRATOSPHERE INFRARED ABSORBED BY CO2&H2O vaporoxide methane, nitrous 2. REFLECTION - BY CLOUDS, ICE, SNOW & WATER 3. SCATTERING - BY AEROSOLS, WATER DROPLETS, ICE CRYSTALS, AIR POLLUTANTS, DUST, POLLEN 4. LIGHT IS BENT AS IT REFRACTION MOVES THROUGH VARIED DENSITIES 5. TRANSMISSION WHEN ENERGY PASSES THROUGH A MEDIUM
- 129. 1. ABSORPTION 2. REFLECTION 3.SCATTERING 4.REFRACTION 5. TRANSMISSION
- 130. Less than half ______ofthe incoming solar radiation is received by the Earth’s surface
- 131. Surface properties of the Earth and Absorption of Energy:
- 132. Reflection vs. Absorption& Radiation Color: Light (white) reflects dark (black) absorbs Texture: Rough surface absorbs smooth surface reflects
- 133. Absorption Good absorbersare also good re-radiators. What type of surface is the best absorber? – Dark Pavement warms before – Rough grassy lawns. What type of surface is the best reflector of radiation? – Light Snow and Ice reflect – Shiny insolation and remain – Flat cold.
- 135. ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM: LAB 10-10 10-8 10-6 10-4 10-2 10 0 10 2 10 4 gamma X ray Microwaves Ultra Infrared violet Radio waves Decreasing wavelength Increasing wavelength visible Violet Blue Green Yellow Orange Red
- 136. Spectroscope Lab
- 137. Greenhouse Effect Short wavelengthvisible light enters the greenhouse, is absorbed, then re-radiated as longer wavelength infrared (heat). The glass traps the infrared.
- 138. What is GlobalWarming? increase An ___________ in the Earth’s Average surface air temperature
- 139.
- 140. THE GREENHOUSE EFFECT HEAT IS TRAPPED BY THE GLASS OF THE GREENHOUSE Incoming is Short wave outgoing is Ex: Visible light Longer wave Infrared 140 Energy absorbed
- 141. Short wave radiation Visible light like ___________ passes through the glass of a greenhouse and is absorbed _______________ by the objects inside the greenhouse. 141
- 142. These objects reradiate __________________ the energy as infrared Long Wave Radiation ___________________ _, which get reflected back into the greenhouse and warms the air. 142
- 143. In Earth’s atmosphere, there are many gases that act like the glass of a greenhouse and trap ________ long-wave radiation, keeping it in the Earth’s Atmosphere. These are known as… 143
- 144. Greenhouse Gases! 144
- 145. Greenhouse Effect CO2 andH2O absorb infrared that is re -radiated from the surface of the Earth. Therefore, holding that heat in the atmosphere and raising the global temperature.
- 146. What are theGreenhouse gases? H2 0 VAPOR CO2 METHANE GAS INFRARED Ozone CFCs
- 147. Without some greenhouse gases, the Earth would cold be too _____________ for us to survive. But an overload of greenhouse gases creates a problem as well!
- 148. How does too MuchCO2 contribute to Global warming? CO2 H2 0 VAPOR INFRARED METHANE GAS CO2 absorbs infrared
- 149. Greenhouse Effect What humanactivities contribute to CO2 production and an increase in the greenhouse effect? – Burning of fossil fuels – Global deforestation
- 150. If present trendscontinue possible effects may include Rising sea levels due to melting polar ice caps; Increasing frequency and severity of storms and hurricanes; More frequent heat waves and droughts; and Relocation of major crop growing areas.
- 151. Which of thefollowing best represents the type of energy received by the Earth and the re-emitted by the Earth? A B c
- 152. Which of thefollowing best represents the type of energy received by the Earth and the re-emitted by the Earth? A B c
- 153. WHICH TYPE OFENERGY IS REPRESENTED BY THE RADIATION AT B? A) INSOLATION C) VISIBLE LIGHT B) ULTRAVIOLET B A D) INFRARED ENERGY
- 154. WHICH TYPE OFENERGY IS REPRESENTED BY THE RADIATION AT B? A) INSOLATION C) VISIBLE LIGHT B) ULTRAVIOLET B A D) INFRARED ENERGY
- 155. What is aNON-RENEWABLE RESOURCE? An energy resource ! that is Being used faster ________________ than Earth Produces ________________ it! _______.! 155
- 156. What is aNON-RENEWABLE RESOURCE? Examples:! Fossil Fuels, minerals! __________________! 156
- 157. What is aNON-RENEWABLE RESOURCE? To make our non- renewable resources last longer we can Reduce! ________________ Reuse! ________________ Recycle! _____________.! 157
- 158. What is aRENEWABLE RESOURCE? An energy resource ! that is Earth supplies faster ________________ than we use it ________________ “unlimited”!.! _______ 158
- 159. What is aRENEWABLE RESOURCE? Examples: Solar, wind, biomass ________________ (trees etc..)! _______________! 159
- 160. What is aRENEWABLE RESOURCE? A renewable resource produces less _________ (substance pollution! that can harm living things and/or the environment! 160
- 161. Look at thepie graph!!! Only 7% of our energy consumption is from renewable resources!!! Try to make little changes in your life to reduce your dependence on Non-Renewable Resources! What do you plan to do?