One of the greatest challenge that meteorological department faces are to predict weather accurately. These predictions are important because they influence daily life and also affect the economy of a state or even a nation. Weather predictions are also necessary since they form the first level of preparation against the natural disasters which may make difference between life and death. They also help to reduce the loss of resources and minimizing the mitigation steps that are expected to be taken after a natural disaster occurs. This research work focuses on analyzing algorithm on big data that are suitable for weather prediction and highlights the performance analysis with Random Forest algorithms in the spark framework. Thin Thin Swe | Phyu Phyu | Sandar Pa Pa Thein "Weather Prediction Model using Random Forest Algorithm and Apache Spark" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-6 , October 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29133.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/database/29133/weather-prediction-model-using-random-forest-algorithm-and-apache-spark/thin-thin-swe
Ignou MCA 6th Semester Synopsis file. This is a proposal file for MCA 6th semester. The project name is Project Management System. It is real world working scenario use by IT companies.
Ignou MCA 6th Semester Synopsis file. This is a proposal file for MCA 6th semester. The project name is Project Management System. It is real world working scenario use by IT companies.
Software Engineering - The Making of a Weather Application Shehab Nassef
- Some technical details are not mentioned -
Introduction to making a Weather Forecast mobile applications in which process models, several architecture styles are implemented.
This report is the final project of Software Engineering - CSE334
Hospital Management System Project Report Sarfaraj Alam
Looking for Hospital Management System Project Report. Here I am putting my report of Hospital Management system.
We are making different type of project report.
Contact us
http://www.lovelycoding.org/p/contact.html
human activity recognization using machine learning with data analysisVenkat Projects
Human activity recognition, or HAR for short, is a broad field of study concerned with identifying the specific movement or action of a person based on sensor data.
The sensor data may be remotely recorded, such as video, radar, or other wireless methods. It contains data generated from accelerometer, gyroscope and other sensors of Smart phone to train supervised predictive models using machine learning techniques like SVM , Random forest and decision tree to generate a model. Which can be used to predict the kind of movement being carried out by the person, which is divided into six categories walking, walking upstairs, walking down-stairs, sitting, standing and laying?
MLM and SVM achieved accuracy of more than 99.2% in the original data set and 98.1% using new feature selection method. Results show that the proposed feature selection approach is a promising alternative to activity recognition on smart phones.
This is Just an overview how to present those slides which Describes Software Working....
its a General way of Representation....
Don't worry About Forms Shown inside...
This is part of the course given at the Strathmore University Mobile Boot Camp in Nov 2010.
Facilitator: Michael Wakahe, Director, Shujaa Solutions Ltd
Date: Nov 18th - 20th, 2010
Venue: Strathmore University Mobile Boot Camp
Software Engineering - The Making of a Weather Application Shehab Nassef
- Some technical details are not mentioned -
Introduction to making a Weather Forecast mobile applications in which process models, several architecture styles are implemented.
This report is the final project of Software Engineering - CSE334
Hospital Management System Project Report Sarfaraj Alam
Looking for Hospital Management System Project Report. Here I am putting my report of Hospital Management system.
We are making different type of project report.
Contact us
http://www.lovelycoding.org/p/contact.html
human activity recognization using machine learning with data analysisVenkat Projects
Human activity recognition, or HAR for short, is a broad field of study concerned with identifying the specific movement or action of a person based on sensor data.
The sensor data may be remotely recorded, such as video, radar, or other wireless methods. It contains data generated from accelerometer, gyroscope and other sensors of Smart phone to train supervised predictive models using machine learning techniques like SVM , Random forest and decision tree to generate a model. Which can be used to predict the kind of movement being carried out by the person, which is divided into six categories walking, walking upstairs, walking down-stairs, sitting, standing and laying?
MLM and SVM achieved accuracy of more than 99.2% in the original data set and 98.1% using new feature selection method. Results show that the proposed feature selection approach is a promising alternative to activity recognition on smart phones.
This is Just an overview how to present those slides which Describes Software Working....
its a General way of Representation....
Don't worry About Forms Shown inside...
This is part of the course given at the Strathmore University Mobile Boot Camp in Nov 2010.
Facilitator: Michael Wakahe, Director, Shujaa Solutions Ltd
Date: Nov 18th - 20th, 2010
Venue: Strathmore University Mobile Boot Camp
Data Mining Assignment Sample Online - PDFAjeet Singh
A data mining assignment sample may include tasks such as data preprocessing, exploratory data analysis, modeling, and evaluation. For example, students may be asked to clean and preprocess a dataset, perform exploratory data analysis to gain insights into the data, build predictive models using techniques such as classification or regression, and evaluate the performance of the models using metrics such as accuracy or precision.
Estimating Evaporation using Machine Learning Based Ensemble Techniqueijtsrd
Accurately estimating evaporation is necessary for calculating and scheduling irrigation water requirements. Current literature points to the use of individual machine learning models for better estimation of evaporation. However, such methods have not been used in the Indian framework. Moreover, given the diversity of climate, it is necessary to develop an ensemble technique incorporating a significant number of machine learning algorithms to have a better estimation of weekly evaporation. The purpose of this paper is to develop an ensemble technique that makes the machine learning models that have a better estimation of weekly evaporation. The results showed that the Bagging Random Forest model has a much better performance in estimating weekly evaporation compared to other fitted ensemble models. R. S. Parmar | G. B. Chaudhari | S. H. Bhojani "Estimating Evaporation using Machine Learning Based Ensemble Technique" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-4, August 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd59847.pdf Paper Url:https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/agricultural-engineering/59847/estimating-evaporation-using-machine-learning-based-ensemble-technique/r-s-parmar
The paper presents a nature inspired algorithm that copies the big bang theory of evolution.
This algorithm is simple with regard to number of parameters. Embedded systems are powered by
batteries and enhancing the operating time of the battery by reducing the power consumption is vital.
Embedded systems consume power while accessing the memory during their operation. An efficient
method for power management is proposed in this work. The proposed method, reduce the energy
consumption in memories from 76% up to 98% as compared to other methods reported in the
literature.
A framework for cloud cover prediction using machine learning with data imput...IJECEIAES
The climatic conditions of a region are affected by multiple factors. These factors are dew point temperature, humidity, wind speed, and wind direction. These factors are closely related to each other. In this paper, the correlation between these factors is studied and an approach has been proposed for data imputation. The idea is to utilize all these features to obtain the prediction of the total cloud cover of a region instead of removing the missing values. Total cloud cover prediction is significant because it affects the agriculture, aviation, and energy sectors. Based on the imputed data which is obtained as the output of the proposed method, a machine learning-based model is proposed. The foundation of this proposed model is the bi-directional approach of the long short-term memory (LSTM) model. It is trained for 8 stations for two different approaches. In the first approach, 80% of the entire data is considered for training and 20% of the data is considered for testing. In the second approach, 90% of the entire data is accounted for training and 10% of the data is accounted for testing. It is observed that in the first approach, the model gives less error for prediction.
Fuzzy C-means clustering on rainfall flow optimization technique for medical ...IAESIJAI
Due to various killing diseases in the world, medical data clustering is a very
challenging and critical task to handle and to take the proper decision from
multidimensional complex data in an effective manner. The most familiar
and suitable speedy clustering algorithm is K-means than other traditional
clustering approaches. But K-means is extra sensitive for initialization of
clustering centroid and it can easily surround. Thus, there is a necessity for
faster clustering with an effective optimum clustering centroid. Based on
that, this research paper projected an optimization-based clustering by hybrid
fuzzy C-means (FCM) clustering on rainfall flow optimization technique
(RFFO), which is the normal flow and behavior of rainfall flow from one
position to another position. FCM clustering algorithm is used to cluster the
given medical data and RFFO is used to produce optimum clustering
centroid. Finally, the clustering performance is also measured for the
proposed FCM clustering on RFFO technique with the help of accuracy,
random coefficient, and Jaccard coefficient for medical data set and find the
risk factor of a heart attack.
DEEP LEARNING BASED MULTIPLE REGRESSION TO PREDICT TOTAL COLUMN WATER VAPOR (...IJDKP
Total column water vapor is an important factor for the weather and climate. This study apply
deep learning based multiple regression to map the TCWV with elements that can improve
spatiotemporal prediction. In this study, we predict the TCWV with the use of ERA5 that is the
fifth generation ECMWF atmospheric reanalysis of the global climate. We use an appropriate
deep learning based multiple regression algorithm using Keras library to improve nonlinear
prediction between Total Column water vapor and predictors as Mean sea level pressure, Surface
pressure, Sea surface temperature, 100 metre U wind component, 100 metre V wind component,
10 metre U wind component, 10 metre V wind component, 2 metre dew point temperature, 2
metre temperature.
Battery Remaining Useful life Forecast Applied in Unmanned Aerial Vehicle.IJERA Editor
The batteries has been widely used as an energy storage system for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). To avoid faults in these systems (UAVs), which are powered by batteries, there are several approaches to forecast the Remaining Useful Life (RUL) of the batteries. In this work, it's proposed the use of a model based on Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) to estimate the RUL in Lithium-Ion batteries. The database used was available at NASA's repository in 2015.
"Fuzzy based approach for weather advisory system”iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering (IOSR-JCE) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of computer engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in computer technology. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Short Term Electrical Load Forecasting by Artificial Neural NetworkIJERA Editor
This paper presents an application of artificial neural networks for short-term times series electrical load
forecasting. An adaptive learning algorithm is derived from system stability to ensure the convergence of
training process. Historical data of hourly power load as well as hourly wind power generation are sourced from
European Open Power System Platform. The simulation demonstrates that errors steadily decrease in training
with the adaptive learning factor starting at different initial value and errors behave volatile with constant
learning factors with different values
There is doubtlessly manufactured artificial neural system (ANN) is a standout amongst the most
acclaimed all-inclusive approximators, and has been executed in numerous fields. This is because of its
capacity to naturally take in any example with no earlier suppositions and loss of all inclusive statement.
ANNs have contributed fundamentally towards time arrangement expectation field, yet the nearness of
exceptions that normally happen in the time arrangement information may dirty the system preparing
information. Hypothetically, the most widely recognized calculation to prepare the system is the
backpropagation (BP) calculation which depends on the minimization of the common ordinary least
squares (OLS) estimator as far as mean squared error (MSE). Be that as it may, this calculation is not
absolutely strong within the sight of exceptions and may bring about the bogus forecast of future qualities.
Accordingly, in this paper, we actualize another calculation which exploits firefly calculation on the minimal
middle of squares (FA-LMedS) estimator for manufactured neural system nonlinear autoregressive
(BPNN-NAR) and counterfeit neural system nonlinear autoregressive moving normal (BPNN-NARMA)
models to cook the different degrees of remote issue in time arrangement information. In addition, the
execution of the proposed powerful estimator with correlation with the first MSE and strong iterative
slightest middle squares (ILMedS) and molecule swarm advancement on minimum middle squares (PSOLMedS)
estimators utilizing reenactment information, in light of root mean squared blunder (RMSE) are
likewise talked about in this paper. It was found that the robustified backpropagation learning calculation
utilizing FA-LMedS beat the first and other powerful estimators of ILMedS and PSO-LMedS. As a
conclusion, developmental calculations beat the first MSE mistake capacity in giving hearty preparing of
counterfeit neural systems.
Comparative Study of Machine Learning Algorithms for Rainfall Predictionijtsrd
Majority of Indian framers depend on rainfall for agriculture. Thus, in an agricultural country like India, rainfall prediction becomes very important. Rainfall causes natural disasters like flood and drought, which are encountered by people across the globe every year. Rainfall prediction over drought regions has a great importance for countries like India whose economy is largely dependent on agriculture. A sufficient data length can play an important role in a proper estimation drought, leading to a better appraisal for drought risk reduction. Due to dynamic nature of atmosphere statistical techniques fail to provide good accuracy for rainfall prediction. So, we are going to use Machine Learning algorithms like Multiple Linear Regression, Random Forest Regressor and AdaBoost Regressor, where different models are going to be trained using training data set and tested using testing data set. The dataset which we have collected has the rainfall data from 1901 2015, where across the various drought affected states. Nonlinearity of rainfall data makes Machine Learning algorithms a better technique. Comparison of different approaches and algorithms will increase an accuracy rate of predicting rainfall over drought regions. We are going to use Python to code for algorithms. Intention of this project is to say, which algorithm can be used to predict rainfall, in order to increase the countries socioeconomic status. Mylapalle Yeshwanth | Palla Ratna Sai Kumar | Dr. G. Mathivanan M.E., Ph.D ""Comparative Study of Machine Learning Algorithms for Rainfall Prediction"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd22961.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/data-miining/22961/comparative-study-of-machine-learning-algorithms-for-rainfall-prediction/mylapalle-yeshwanth
‘Six Sigma Technique’ A Journey Through its Implementationijtsrd
The manufacturing industries all over the world are facing tough challenges for growth, development and sustainability in today’s competitive environment. They have to achieve apex position by adapting with the global competitive environment by delivering goods and services at low cost, prime quality and better price to increase wealth and consumer satisfaction. Cost Management ensures profit, growth and sustainability of the business with implementation of Continuous Improvement Technique like Six Sigma. This leads to optimize Business performance. The method drives for customer satisfaction, low variation, reduction in waste and cycle time resulting into a competitive advantage over other industries which did not implement it. The main objective of this paper ‘Six Sigma Technique A Journey Through Its Implementation’ is to conceptualize the effectiveness of Six Sigma Technique through the journey of its implementation. Aditi Sunilkumar Ghosalkar "‘Six Sigma Technique’: A Journey Through its Implementation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64546.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64546/‘six-sigma-technique’-a-journey-through-its-implementation/aditi-sunilkumar-ghosalkar
Edge Computing in Space Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space...ijtsrd
Edge computing, a paradigm that involves processing data closer to its source, has gained significant attention for its potential to revolutionize data processing and communication in space missions. With the increasing complexity and data volume generated by modern space missions, traditional centralized computing approaches face challenges related to latency, bandwidth, and security. Edge computing in space, involving on board processing and analysis of data, offers promising solutions to these challenges. This paper explores the concept of edge computing in space, its benefits, applications, and future prospects in enhancing space missions. Manish Verma "Edge Computing in Space: Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space Missions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64541.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/64541/edge-computing-in-space-enhancing-data-processing-and-communication-for-space-missions/manish-verma
Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India Challenges and Prospectsijtsrd
Communal politics in India has evolved through centuries, weaving a complex tapestry shaped by historical legacies, colonial influences, and contemporary socio political transformations. This research comprehensively examines the dynamics of communal politics in 21st century India, emphasizing its historical roots, socio political dynamics, economic implications, challenges, and prospects for mitigation. The historical perspective unravels the intricate interplay of religious identities and power dynamics from ancient civilizations to the impact of colonial rule, providing insights into the evolution of communalism. The socio political dynamics section delves into the contemporary manifestations, exploring the roles of identity politics, socio economic disparities, and globalization. The economic implications section highlights how communal politics intersects with economic issues, perpetuating disparities and influencing resource allocation. Challenges posed by communal politics are scrutinized, revealing multifaceted issues ranging from social fragmentation to threats against democratic values. The prospects for mitigation present a multifaceted approach, incorporating policy interventions, community engagement, and educational initiatives. The paper conducts a comparative analysis with international examples, identifying common patterns such as identity politics and economic disparities. It also examines unique challenges, emphasizing Indias diverse religious landscape, historical legacy, and secular framework. Lessons for effective strategies are drawn from international experiences, offering insights into inclusive policies, interfaith dialogue, media regulation, and global cooperation. By scrutinizing historical epochs, contemporary dynamics, economic implications, and international comparisons, this research provides a comprehensive understanding of communal politics in India. The proposed strategies for mitigation underscore the importance of a holistic approach to foster social harmony, inclusivity, and democratic values. Rose Hossain "Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India: Challenges and Prospects" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64528.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/history/64528/dynamics-of-communal-politics-in-21st-century-india-challenges-and-prospects/rose-hossain
Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in...ijtsrd
Background and Objective Telehealth has become a well known tool for the delivery of health care in Saudi Arabia, and the perspective and knowledge of healthcare providers are influential in the implementation, adoption and advancement of the method. This systematic review was conducted to examine the current literature base regarding telehealth and the related healthcare professional perspective and knowledge in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods This systematic review was conducted by searching 7 databases including, MEDLINE, CINHAL, Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, PsycINFO, and ProQuest Central. Studies on healthcare practitioners telehealth knowledge and perspectives published in English in Saudi Arabia from 2000 to 2023 were included. Boland directed this comprehensive review. The researchers examined each connected study using the AXIS tool, which evaluates cross sectional systematic reviews. Narrative synthesis was used to summarise and convey the data. Results Out of 1840 search results, 10 studies were included. Positive outlook and limited knowledge among providers were seen across trials. Healthcare professionals like telehealth for its ability to improve quality, access, and delivery, save time and money, and be successful. Age, gender, occupation, and work experience also affect health workers knowledge. In Saudi Arabia, healthcare professionals face inadequate expert assistance, patient privacy, internet connection concerns, lack of training courses, lack of telehealth understanding, and high costs while performing telemedicine. Conclusions Healthcare practitioners telehealth perceptions and knowledge were examined in this systematic study. Its collection of concerned experts different personal attitudes and expertise would help enhance telehealths implementation in Saudi Arabia, develop its healthcare delivery alternative, and eliminate frequent problems. Badriah Mousa I Mulayhi | Dr. Jomin George | Judy Jenkins "Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64535.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/64535/assess-perspective-and-knowledge-of-healthcare-providers-towards-elehealth-in-saudi-arabia-a-systematic-review/badriah-mousa-i-mulayhi
The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion ...ijtsrd
The impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has gained considerable attention in recent years. The adoption of digital technologies and the internet has resulted in declining influence and power for traditional gatekeepers such as publishing houses and news organizations. Simultaneously, digital media has facilitated the emergence of new voices and players in the media industry. Digital medias impact on power decentralization and gatekeeper erosion is visible in several ways. One significant aspect is the democratization of information, which enables anyone with an internet connection to publish and share content globally, leading to citizen journalism and bypassing traditional gatekeepers. Another aspect is the disruption of conventional media industry business models, as traditional organizations struggle to adjust to the decrease in advertising revenue and the rise of digital platforms. Alternative business models, such as subscription models and crowdfunding, have become more prevalent, leading to the emergence of new players. Overall, the impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has brought about significant changes in the media landscape and the way information is shared. Further research is required to fully comprehend the implications of these changes and their impact on society. Dr. Kusum Lata "The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion of Traditional Gatekeepers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64544.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64544/the-impact-of-digital-media-on-the-decentralization-of-power-and-the-erosion-of-traditional-gatekeepers/dr-kusum-lata
Online Voices, Offline Impact Ambedkars Ideals and Socio Political Inclusion ...ijtsrd
This research investigates the nexus between online discussions on Dr. B.R. Ambedkars ideals and their impact on social inclusion among college students in Gurugram, Haryana. Surveying 240 students from 12 government colleges, findings indicate that 65 actively engage in online discussions, with 80 demonstrating moderate to high awareness of Ambedkars ideals. Statistically significant correlations reveal that higher online engagement correlates with increased awareness p 0.05 and perceived social inclusion. Variations across colleges and a notable effect of college type on perceived social inclusion highlight the influence of contextual factors. Furthermore, the intersectional analysis underscores nuanced differences based on gender, caste, and socio economic status. Dr. Kusum Lata "Online Voices, Offline Impact: Ambedkar's Ideals and Socio-Political Inclusion - A Study of Gurugram District" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64543.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64543/online-voices-offline-impact-ambedkars-ideals-and-sociopolitical-inclusion--a-study-of-gurugram-district/dr-kusum-lata
Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship A Studyijtsrd
Noting calls for contextualizing Agro entrepreneurs problems and challenges of the agro entrepreneurs and for greater attention to the Role of entrepreneurs in agro entrepreneurship research, we conduct a systematic literature review of extent research in agriculture entrepreneurship to overcome the study objectives of complications of agro entrepreneurs through various factors, Development of agriculture products is a key factor for the overall economic growth of agro entrepreneurs Agro Entrepreneurs produces firsthand large scale employment, utilizes the labor and natural resources, This research outlines the problems of Weather and Soil Erosions, Market price fluctuation, stimulates labor cost problems, reduces concentration of Price volatility, Dependency on Intermediaries, induces Limited Bargaining Power, and Storage and Transportation Costs. This paper mainly devoted to highlight Problems and challenges faced for the sustainable of Agro Entrepreneurs in India. Vinay Prasad B "Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship - A Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64540.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64540/problems-and-challenges-of-agro-entreprenurship--a-study/vinay-prasad-b
Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies o...ijtsrd
Disclosure is a process through which a business enterprise communicates with external parties. A corporate disclosure is communication of financial and non financial information of the activities of a business enterprise to the interested entities. Corporate disclosure is done through publishing annual reports. So corporate disclosure through annual reports plays a vital role in the life of all the companies and provides valuable information to investors. The basic objectives of corporate disclosure is to give a true and fair view of companies to the parties related either directly or indirectly like owner, government, creditors, shareholders etc. in the companies act, provisions have been made about mandatory and voluntary disclosure. The IT sector in India is rapidly growing, the trend to invest in the IT sector is rising and employment opportunities in IT sectors are also increasing. Therefore the IT sector is expected to have fair, full and adequate disclosure of all information. Unfair and incomplete disclosure may adversely affect the entire economy. A research study on disclosure practices of IT companies could play an important role in this regard. Hence, the present research study has been done to study and review comparative analysis of total corporate disclosure of selected IT companies of India and to put forward overall findings and suggestions with a view to increase disclosure score of these companies. The researcher hopes that the present research study will be helpful to all selected Companies for improving level of corporate disclosure through annual reports as well as the government, creditors, investors, all business organizations and upcoming researcher for comparative analyses of level of corporate disclosure with special reference to selected IT companies. Dr. Vaibhavi D. Thaker "Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies of India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64539.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64539/comparative-analysis-of-total-corporate-disclosure-of-selected-it-companies-of-india/dr-vaibhavi-d-thaker
The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Right...ijtsrd
This study investigated the impact of educational background and professional training on human rights awareness among secondary school teachers in the Marathwada region of Maharashtra, India. The key findings reveal that higher levels of education, particularly a master’s degree, and fields of study related to education, humanities, or social sciences are associated with greater human rights awareness among teachers. Additionally, both pre service teacher training and in service professional development programs focused on human rights education significantly enhance teacher’s knowledge, skills, and competencies in promoting human rights principles in their classrooms. Baig Ameer Bee Mirza Abdul Aziz | Dr. Syed Azaz Ali Amjad Ali "The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Rights Awareness among Secondary School Teachers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64529.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64529/the-impact-of-educational-background-and-professional-training-on-human-rights-awareness-among-secondary-school-teachers/baig-ameer-bee-mirza-abdul-aziz
A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at t...ijtsrd
“One Language sets you in a corridor for life. Two languages open every door along the way” Frank Smith English as a foreign language or as a second language has been ruling in India since the period of Lord Macaulay. But the question is how much we teach or learn English properly in our culture. Is there any scope to use English as a language rather than a subject How much we learn or teach English without any interference of mother language specially in the classroom teaching learning scenario in West Bengal By considering all these issues the researcher has attempted in this article to focus on the effective teaching learning process comparing to other traditional strategies in the field of English curriculum at the secondary level to investigate whether they fulfill the present teaching learning requirements or not by examining the validity of the present curriculum of English. The purpose of this study is to focus on the effectiveness of the systematic, scientific, sequential and logical transaction of the course between the teachers and the learners in the perspective of the 5Es programme that is engage, explore, explain, extend and evaluate. Sanchali Mondal | Santinath Sarkar "A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at the Secondary Level of West Bengal" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd62412.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/62412/a-study-on-the-effective-teaching-learning-process-in-english-curriculum-at-the-secondary-level-of-west-bengal/sanchali-mondal
The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching ...ijtsrd
This paper reports on a study which was conducted to investigate the role of mentoring and its influence on the effectiveness of the teaching of Physics in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. The study adopted the convergent parallel mixed methods design, focusing on respondents in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected, analysed separately, and the results were compared to see if the findings confirm or disconfirm each other. The quantitative analysis found that majority of the respondents 72 of Physics teachers affirmed that they had more experienced colleagues as mentors to help build their confidence, improve their teaching, and help them improve their effectiveness and efficiency in guiding learners’ achievements. Only 28 of the respondents disagreed with these statements. With majority respondents 72 agreeing with the statements, it implies that in most secondary schools, experienced Physics teachers act as mentors to build teachers’ confidence in teaching and improving students’ learning. The interview qualitative data analysis summarized how secondary school Principals use meetings with mentors and mentees to promote mentorship in the school milieu. This has helped strengthen teachers’ classroom practices in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. With the results confirming each other, the study recommends that mentoring should focus on helping teachers employ social interactions and instructional practices feedback and clarity in teaching that have direct measurable impact on students’ learning achievements. Andrew Ngeim Sumba | Frederick Ebot Ashu | Peter Agborbechem Tambi "The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching of Physics in Secondary Schools in the South West Region of Cameroon" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64524.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/management-development/64524/the-role-of-mentoring-and-its-influence-on-the-effectiveness-of-the-teaching-of-physics-in-secondary-schools-in-the-south-west-region-of-cameroon/andrew-ngeim-sumba
Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino Microcontroller Bas...ijtsrd
This study primarily focuses on the design of a high side buck converter using an Arduino microcontroller. The converter is specifically intended for use in DC DC applications, particularly in standalone solar PV systems where the PV output voltage exceeds the load or battery voltage. To evaluate the performance of the converter, simulation experiments are conducted using Proteus Software. These simulations provide insights into the input and output voltages, currents, powers, and efficiency under different state of charge SoC conditions of a 12V,70Ah rechargeable lead acid battery. Additionally, the hardware design of the converter is implemented, and practical data is collected through operation, monitoring, and recording. By comparing the simulation results with the practical results, the efficiency and performance of the designed converter are assessed. The findings indicate that while the buck converter is suitable for practical use in standalone PV systems, its efficiency is compromised due to a lower output current. Chan Myae Aung | Dr. Ei Mon "Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino-Microcontroller Based DC-DC High-Side Buck Converter for Standalone PV System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64518.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/64518/design-simulation-and-hardware-construction-of-an-arduinomicrocontroller-based-dcdc-highside-buck-converter-for-standalone-pv-system/chan-myae-aung
Sustainable Energy by Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadikuijtsrd
Energy becomes sustainable if it meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Some of the definitions of sustainable energy include the considerations of environmental aspects such as greenhouse gas emissions, social, and economic aspects such as energy poverty. Generally far more sustainable than fossil fuel are renewable energy sources such as wind, hydroelectric power, solar, and geothermal energy sources. Worthy of note is that some renewable energy projects, like the clearing of forests to produce biofuels, can cause severe environmental damage. The sustainability of nuclear power which is a low carbon source is highly debated because of concerns about radioactive waste, nuclear proliferation, and accidents. The switching from coal to natural gas has environmental benefits, including a lower climate impact, but could lead to delay in switching to more sustainable options. “Carbon capture and storage” can be built into power plants to remove the carbon dioxide CO2 emissions, but this technology is expensive and has rarely been implemented. Leading non renewable energy sources around the world is fossil fuels, coal, petroleum, and natural gas. Nuclear energy is usually considered another non renewable energy source, although nuclear energy itself is a renewable energy source, but the material used in nuclear power plants is not. The paper addresses the issue of sustainable energy, its attendant benefits to the future generation, and humanity in general. Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadiku "Sustainable Energy" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64534.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/64534/sustainable-energy/paul-a-adekunte
Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations Executive Regulations and Stand...ijtsrd
This paper aims to outline the executive regulations, survey standards, and specifications required for the implementation of the Sudan Survey Act, and for regulating and organizing all surveying work activities in Sudan. The act has been discussed for more than 5 years. The Land Survey Act was initiated by the Sudan Survey Authority and all official legislations were headed by the Sudan Ministry of Justice till it was issued in 2022. The paper presents conceptual guidelines to be used for the Survey Act implementation and to regulate the survey work practice, standardizing the field surveys, processing, quality control, procedures, and the processes related to survey work carried out by the stakeholders and relevant authorities in Sudan. The conceptual guidelines are meant to improve the quality and harmonization of geospatial data and to aid decision making processes as well as geospatial information systems. The established comprehensive executive regulations will govern and regulate the implementation of the Sudan Survey Geomatics Act in all surveying and mapping practices undertaken by the Sudan Survey Authority SSA and state local survey departments for public or private sector organizations. The targeted standards and specifications include the reference frame, projection, coordinate systems, and the guidelines and specifications that must be followed in the field of survey work, processes, and mapping products. In the last few decades, there has been a growing awareness of the importance of geomatics activities and measurements on the Earths surface in space and time, together with observing and mapping the changes. In such cases, data must be captured promptly, standardized, and obtained with more accuracy and specified in much detail. The paper will also highlight the current situation in Sudan, the degree to which survey standards are used, the problems encountered, and the errors that arise from not using the standards and survey specifications. Kamal A. A. Sami "Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations - Executive Regulations and Standards" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63484.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63484/concepts-for-sudan-survey-act-implementations--executive-regulations-and-standards/kamal-a-a-sami
Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model Khartoum Sta...ijtsrd
The discussions between ellipsoid and geoid have invoked many researchers during the recent decades, especially during the GNSS technology era, which had witnessed a great deal of development but still geoid undulation requires more investigations. To figure out a solution for Sudans local geoid, this research has tried to intake the possibility of determining the geoid model by following two approaches, gravimetric and geometrical geoid model determination, by making use of GNSS leveling benchmarks at Khartoum state. The Benchmarks are well distributed in the study area, in which, the horizontal coordinates and the height above the ellipsoid have been observed by GNSS while orthometric heights were carried out using precise leveling. The Global Geopotential Model GGM represented in EGM2008 has been exploited to figure out the geoid undulation at the benchmarks in the study area. This is followed by a fitting process, that has been done to suit the geoid undulation data which has been computed using GNSS leveling data and geoid undulation inspired by the EGM2008. Two geoid surfaces were created after the fitting process to ensure that they are identical and both of them could be counted for getting the same geoid undulation with an acceptable accuracy. In this respect, statistical operation played an important role in ensuring the consistency and integrity of the model by applying cross validation techniques splitting the data into training and testing datasets for building the geoid model and testing its eligibility. The geometrical solution for geoid undulation computation has been utilized by applying straightforward equations that facilitate the calculation of the geoid undulation directly through applying statistical techniques for the GNSS leveling data of the study area to get the common equation parameters values that could be utilized to calculate geoid undulation of any position in the study area within the claimed accuracy. Both systems were checked and proved eligible to be used within the study area with acceptable accuracy which may contribute to solving the geoid undulation problem in the Khartoum area, and be further generalized to determine the geoid model over the entire country, and this could be considered in the future, for regional and continental geoid model. Ahmed M. A. Mohammed. | Kamal A. A. Sami "Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model (Khartoum State Case Study)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63483.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63483/towards-the-implementation-of-the-sudan-interpolated-geoid-model-khartoum-state-case-study/ahmed-m-a-mohammed
Activating Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment Mapijtsrd
Sudan is witnessing an acceleration in the processes of development and transformation in the performance of government institutions to raise the productivity and investment efficiency of the government sector. The development plans and investment opportunities have focused on achieving national goals in various sectors. This paper aims to illuminate the path to the future and provide geospatial data and information to develop the investment climate and environment for all sized businesses, and to bridge the development gap between the Sudan states. The Sudan Survey Authority SSA is the main advisor to the Sudan Government in conducting surveying, mappings, designing, and developing systems related to geospatial data and information. In recent years, SSA made a strategic partnership with the Ministry of Investment to activate Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment and in particular, for the preparation and implementation of the Sudan investment map, based on the directives and objectives of the Ministry of Investment MI in Sudan. This paper comes within the framework of activating the efforts of the Ministry of Investment to develop technical investment services by applying techniques adopted by the Ministry and its strategic partners for advancing investment processes in the country. Kamal A. A. Sami "Activating Geospatial Information for Sudan's Sustainable Investment Map" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63482.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/information-technology/63482/activating-geospatial-information-for-sudans-sustainable-investment-map/kamal-a-a-sami
Educational Unity Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Societyijtsrd
In a rapidly changing global landscape, the importance of education as a unifying force cannot be overstated. This paper explores the crucial role of educational unity in fostering a stronger and more inclusive society through the embrace of diversity. By examining the benefits of diverse learning environments, the paper aims to highlight the positive impact on societal strength. The discussion encompasses various dimensions, from curriculum design to classroom dynamics, and emphasizes the need for educational institutions to become catalysts for unity in diversity. It highlights the need for a paradigm shift in educational policies, curricula, and pedagogical approaches to ensure that they are reflective of the diverse fabric of society. This paper also addresses the challenges associated with implementing inclusive educational practices and offers practical strategies for overcoming barriers. It advocates for collaborative efforts between educational institutions, policymakers, and communities to create a supportive ecosystem that promotes diversity and unity. Mr. Amit Adhikari | Madhumita Teli | Gopal Adhikari "Educational Unity: Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Society" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64525.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64525/educational-unity-embracing-diversity-for-a-stronger-society/mr-amit-adhikari
Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management Prospects and...ijtsrd
The diversity of indigenous knowledge systems in India is vast and can vary significantly between different communities and regions. Preserving and respecting these knowledge systems is crucial for maintaining cultural heritage, promoting sustainable practices, and fostering cross cultural understanding. In this paper, an overview of the prospects and challenges associated with incorporating Indian indigenous knowledge into management is explored. It is found that IIKS helps in management in many areas like sustainable development, tourism, food security, natural resource management, cultural preservation and innovation, etc. However, IIKS integration with management faces some challenges in the form of a lack of documentation, cultural sensitivity, language barriers legal framework, etc. Savita Lathwal "Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management: Prospects and Challenges" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63500.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/63500/integration-of-indian-indigenous-knowledge-system-in-management-prospects-and-challenges/savita-lathwal
DeepMask Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in...ijtsrd
The COVID 19 pandemic has highlighted the crucial need of preventive measures, with widespread use of face masks being a key method for slowing the viruss spread. This research investigates face mask identification using deep learning as a technological solution to be reducing the risk of coronavirus transmission. The proposed method uses state of the art convolutional neural networks CNNs and transfer learning to automatically recognize persons who are not wearing masks in a variety of circumstances. We discuss how this strategy improves public health and safety by providing an efficient manner of enforcing mask wearing standards. The report also discusses the obstacles, ethical concerns, and prospective applications of face mask detection systems in the ongoing fight against the pandemic. Dilip Kumar Sharma | Aaditya Yadav "DeepMask: Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in the COVID-19 Era" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64522.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/64522/deepmask-transforming-face-mask-identification-for-better-pandemic-control-in-the-covid19-era/dilip-kumar-sharma
Streamlining Data Collection eCRF Design and Machine Learningijtsrd
Efficient and accurate data collection is paramount in clinical trials, and the design of Electronic Case Report Forms eCRFs plays a pivotal role in streamlining this process. This paper explores the integration of machine learning techniques in the design and implementation of eCRFs to enhance data collection efficiency. We delve into the synergies between eCRF design principles and machine learning algorithms, aiming to optimize data quality, reduce errors, and expedite the overall data collection process. The application of machine learning in eCRF design brings forth innovative approaches to data validation, anomaly detection, and real time adaptability. This paper discusses the benefits, challenges, and future prospects of leveraging machine learning in eCRF design for streamlined and advanced data collection in clinical trials. Dhanalakshmi D | Vijaya Lakshmi Kannareddy "Streamlining Data Collection: eCRF Design and Machine Learning" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63515.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/biotechnology/63515/streamlining-data-collection-ecrf-design-and-machine-learning/dhanalakshmi-d
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
2. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD29133 | Volume – 3 | Issue – 6 | September - October 2019 Page 550
Figure 1: Design of the system
A. RANDOM FORESTS MODEL
Random Forests (RF) is the most popular methods in data
mining. The method is widely used in different time series
forecasting fields, such as biostatistics, climate monitoring,
planning in energy industry and weather forecasting.
Random forest (RF) is an ensemble learning algorithm that
can handle both high- dimension classification as well as
regression. RF is a tree- based ensemble method where all
trees depend on a collection of random variables.Thatis, the
forest is grown from many regression trees put together,
forming an ensemble [4]. After individual trees in ensemble
are fitted using bootstrap samples, the final decision is
obtained by aggregating over the ensemble, i.e. byaveraging
the output for regression or by voting for classification. This
procedure called bagging improves the stability and
accuracy of the model, reduces variance and helps to avoid
overfitting. The bias of the bagged trees is thesameasthatof
the individual trees, but the variance is decreased by
reducing the correlation between trees (this is discussed in
[10]). Random forests correct for decision trees' habit of
overfitting to their training set and produce a limiting value
of the generalization error [6].
The RF generalization error is estimated by an out-of-bag
(OOB) error, i.e. the error for training points which are not
contained in the bootstrap training sets (about one-third of
the points are left out in each bootstraptrainingset).AnOOB
error estimate is almost identical to that obtained by N-fold
cross-validation. The large advantage of RFs is that they can
be fitted in one sequence, with cross-validation being
performed along the way. The training can be terminated
when the OOB error stabilizes [7]. The algorithm of RF for
regression is shown in Figure-2[5].
Figure2. Algorithm of RF for regression [8]
Where K represents the number of trees in the forest and F
represents the number of input variables randomly chosen
at each split respectively. The number of trees can be
determined experimentally. And, we can add the successive
trees during the training procedure until the OOB error
stabilizes. The RF procedure is not overly sensitive to the
value of F. The inventors of the algorithm recommend F =
n/3 for the regression RFs. Another parameter is the
minimum node size m. The smaller the minimum node size,
the deeper the trees. In many publications m = 5 is
recommended. And this is the default value in many
programs which implement RFs. RFs show small sensitivity
to this parameter.
Using RFs we can determine the prediction strength or
importance of variables which is useful for ranking the
variables and their selection, to interpret data and to
understandunderlying phenomena.Thevariableimportance
can be estimated in RF as the increase in prediction error if
the values of that variablearerandomlypermutedacrossthe
OOB samples. The increase in error as a result of this
permuting is averaged over all trees, and divided by the
standard deviation over the entire ensemble. The more the
increase of OOB error is, the more important is the variable.
The original training dataset is formalized as S = {(xi,yj),
i=1,2,…..,N; j=1,2,….,M} where x is a sample and y is a feature
variable of S. Namely, the original training dataset contains N
samples, and there are M feature variables in each sample. The
main process of the construction of the RF algorithm is
presented in Fig. 2.
Fig.2. Process of the construction of the RF Algorithm
The steps of the construction of the random forestalgorithm
are as follows.
Step1: Sampling k training subsets.
In this step, k training subsets are sampled from the original
training dataset S in a bootstrap sampling man-ner. Namely,
N records are selected from S by a random sampling and
replacement method ineachsamplingtime.Afterthecurrent
step, k training subsets are constructed as a collection of
training subsets ST rain:
STrain = {S1; S2,…….,Sk}.
3. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD29133 | Volume – 3 | Issue – 6 | September - October 2019 Page 551
At the same time, the records that are not to be selected in
each sampling period are composed as an Out-Of-Bag(OOB)
dataset. In this way, k OOB sets are constructed as a
collection of SOOB:
SOOB = {OOB1; OOB2,….., OOBk},
where k << N, Si ∩ OOBi = ϕ and Si OOBi = S. To obtain the
classification accuracy of eachtreemodel,theseOOBsetsare
used as testing sets after the training process.
Step2: Constructing each decision tree model.
In an RF model, each meta decision tree is created by CART
algorithm from each training subsetSi.Inthegrowth process
of each tree, m feature variables of dataset Si are randomly
selected from M variables. In each tree node’s splitting
process, the gain ratio of each feature variable is calculated,
and the best one is chosen as the splittingnode.Thissplitting
process is repeated until a leaf node is generated. Finally, k
decision trees are trained from k training subsets in the
same way.
Step3: Collecting k trees into an RF model.
The k trained trees are collected into an RF model, which is
defined in Eq. (1):
H(X, Κj ) = ∑k hi(x, Κj),(j=1,2,….,m) (1)
i=1
where hi(x;j) is a meta decision tree classifier,Xaretheinput
feature vectors of the training dataset, and j is an
independent and identically distributed random vector that
determines the growth process of the tree.
To dig why we select random forest algorithm, the following
presents some benefits:
Random forest algorithm can be used for both
classifications and regression task.
It provides higher accuracy.
Random forest classifier will handle the missing values
and maintain the accuracy of a large proportion of data.
If there are more trees, it won’t allow overfittingtreesin
the model.
It has the power to handle a large data set with higher
dimensionality [3].
B. APACHE SPARK
Apache Spark is an all-purpose data processingandmachine
learning tool can be used for a variety of operations. Data
scientist, application developer can integrate Apache Spark
into their application to query, analyze, transformasscale.It
is 100 times faster than Hadoop MapReduce. It can handle
petabytes of data at once, distribute over a cluster of
thousands of cooperating virtual or physical servers.Apache
Spark has been developed in Scala and it support Python, R,
Java and off course Scala Apache spark is fast and general
purpose engine for large scale data processing [9-10].
Architecture of spark has spark core at it bottom and on top
of which Spark SQL, MLlib, Spark streaming and GraphX
libraries are provided for data processing[2].
Fig.3. Architecture of spark
Apache Spark is very good for in memory computing. Spark
has its own cluster management but it can work with
Hadoop also. There are three core building blocks of Spark
programming. Resilient Distributed Datasets (RDD),
Transformations and Action. RDD is an immutable data
structure on which various transformations can be applied.
After transformation any actiononRDDcanleadtocomplete
lineage execution of transformation before result is
produced.
Fig.4. Working with RDD in Spark
III. CONCLUSIONS
In this paper, a random forest algorithm has been proposed
for big data. The accuracy of the RF algorithm is optimized
through dimension-reduction and the weighted vote
approach. Then, combining data-parallel from differentdata
station and task-parallel optimization is performed and
implemented on Apache Spark. Taking advantage of the
data-parallel optimization, the trainingdatasetis reused and
the volume of data is reduced significantly. Benefitting from
the task-parallel optimization, the data transmission cost is
effectively reduced and the performance of the algorithm is
obviously improved. Experimental results indicate the
superiority and notable strengths of RF over the other
algorithms in terms of classification accuracy, performance,
and scalability. For future work, we will focus on the
incremental parallel random forest algorithm for data
streams in cloud environment, and improve the data
allocation and task scheduling mechanism for the algorithm
on a distributed and parallel environment.
References
[1] Guidelines on Climate Metadata and homogenization
World Climate data and monitoring program, Geneva.
[2] https://spark.org
[3] https://www.newgenapps.com/blog/random-forest-
analysis-in-ml-and-when-to-use-it
4. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD29133 | Volume – 3 | Issue – 6 | September - October 2019 Page 552
[4] K. Singh, S. C. Guntuku, A. Thakur, and C.Hota,“Bigdata
analytics framework for peer-to-peer botnet detection
using random forests,” Information Sciences, vol. 278,
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[5] Apache, “Spark,” Website, June 2016, http: //spark-
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Learning, vol. 45, no. 1, pp. 5–32, October 2001.
[6] G. Wu and P. H. Huang, “A vectorization-optimization
method-based type-2 fuzzy neural network for noisy
data classification,” Fuzzy Systems, IEEE Transactions
on, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 1–15, February 2013.
[7] H. Abdulsalam, D. B. Skillicorn,and P. Martin,
“Classification using streaming random forests,”
Knowledge and Data Engineering, IEEE Transactions
on, vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 22–36, January 2011.
[8] C. Lindner, P. A. Bromiley, M. C. Ionita, and T. F. Cootes,
“Robust and accurate shape model matching using
random forest regression-voting,” PatternAnalysisand
Machine Intelligence, IEEE Transactions on,vol.25, no.
3, pp. 1–14, December 2014. [4] What is Twitter and
How does itwork?http://www.lifewire.com/what-is –
twitter.
[9] S. Tyree, K. Q. Weinberger, and K. Agrawal, “Parallel
boosted regression trees for web search ranking,” in
International Conference on World Wide Web, March
2011, pp.387–396.
[10] D. Warneke and O. Kao, “Exploiting dynamic resource
allocation for efficient parallel data processing in the
cloud,” Parallel and Distributed Systems, IEEE
Transactions on, vol. 22, no. 6, pp. 985–997, June2011.