OSRA is an organization working in the Oromia region of Ethiopia to address the water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) crisis. The crisis affects over 1 billion people worldwide who lack access to safe drinking water and 2.5 billion who lack basic sanitation. In Ethiopia specifically, diarrhea from dirty water is a leading cause of death for children. OSRA works to implement WASH interventions like water sources and sanitation facilities to reduce diarrhea and help communities gain access to basic needs.
Intersections between Poverty, Environment and Inclusive Growth: A Global Per...UNDP Policy Centre
Presentation by Ms. Leisa Perch from the International Policy Centre for Inclusive Growth (IPC-IG) at the II National Development Conference (CODE/IPEA). This presentation is based on largely on IPC-IG's Poverty in Focus magazine #23 and speaks to four key areas/messages: (i) Intersections of environmental risk and poverty and social risk and the environment are fundamental to the inclusiveness of growth; (ii) Both structural and situational in nature, they require solutions that focus on both participation and benefit-sharing; (iii)
Relevant policy innovations exist and need to be up-scaled; (iv) A focus on the quality of growth will be key in sustaining progress.
The fight on global hunger and poverty. I am passionate about contributing towards the fight to eradicate extreme poverty and hunger by 2025 - see where you fit in and join the fight.
Geographical Association Conference 2012 - 5 Countries ... All you need for I...Richard Allaway
Lecture given at the 2012 Geographical Association Conference in Manchester.
The lecture was sponsored by the International Baccalaureate Organisation.
Hunger has always affected many people of many countries all around the world, such as in Asia and Africa. We want to raise more awareness to the public about the reasons for hunger, specifically for the people in Africa. We want to be able to show people how hunger is a growing problem to our modern world.
Blockchain and women's financial inclusionGry Tina Tinde
On positive outcomes of a microenterprise activity by the Red Cross in the Philippines and other issues related to fighting gender-based violence and discrimination.
Trabajo de Interacción Persona-computador, análisis heurísticozaptersz
El informe que se presenta a continuación tiene relación con la evaluación de un portal web, específicamente atrapalo.cl, donde el sitio web será sometido a diferentes pruebas de evaluación con respecto a su usabilidad, la cual se llevará a cabo por cinco evaluadores con las 10 heurísticas de Nielsen
Intersections between Poverty, Environment and Inclusive Growth: A Global Per...UNDP Policy Centre
Presentation by Ms. Leisa Perch from the International Policy Centre for Inclusive Growth (IPC-IG) at the II National Development Conference (CODE/IPEA). This presentation is based on largely on IPC-IG's Poverty in Focus magazine #23 and speaks to four key areas/messages: (i) Intersections of environmental risk and poverty and social risk and the environment are fundamental to the inclusiveness of growth; (ii) Both structural and situational in nature, they require solutions that focus on both participation and benefit-sharing; (iii)
Relevant policy innovations exist and need to be up-scaled; (iv) A focus on the quality of growth will be key in sustaining progress.
The fight on global hunger and poverty. I am passionate about contributing towards the fight to eradicate extreme poverty and hunger by 2025 - see where you fit in and join the fight.
Geographical Association Conference 2012 - 5 Countries ... All you need for I...Richard Allaway
Lecture given at the 2012 Geographical Association Conference in Manchester.
The lecture was sponsored by the International Baccalaureate Organisation.
Hunger has always affected many people of many countries all around the world, such as in Asia and Africa. We want to raise more awareness to the public about the reasons for hunger, specifically for the people in Africa. We want to be able to show people how hunger is a growing problem to our modern world.
Blockchain and women's financial inclusionGry Tina Tinde
On positive outcomes of a microenterprise activity by the Red Cross in the Philippines and other issues related to fighting gender-based violence and discrimination.
Trabajo de Interacción Persona-computador, análisis heurísticozaptersz
El informe que se presenta a continuación tiene relación con la evaluación de un portal web, específicamente atrapalo.cl, donde el sitio web será sometido a diferentes pruebas de evaluación con respecto a su usabilidad, la cual se llevará a cabo por cinco evaluadores con las 10 heurísticas de Nielsen
Bridging the Gap from Knowledge to Action: Putting Analytics in the Hands of ...Steven Lonn
Short Paper Presentation at Learning Analytics and Knowledge Conference 2012, May 1. #LAK12
This paper presents current findings from an ongoing design- based research project aimed at developing an early warning system (EWS) for academic mentors in an undergraduate engineering mentoring program. This paper details our progress in mining Learning Management System data and translating these data into an EWS for academic mentors. We focus on the role of mentors and advisors, and elaborate on their importance in learning analytics-based interventions developed for higher education.
Using Digital Badges to Recognize Co-Curricular LearningSteven Lonn
Presentation about University of Michigan Pilot on Digital Badges for Co-Curricular Learning pilot. Presented to Mozilla Open Badges Research Community Call on May 21, 2014 (Notes available here: https://openbadges.etherpad.mozilla.org/research-calls-May21)
Summary:
This pilot project studied the recognition of undergraduate engineering students' co-curricular learning experiences using digital badges in one semester, Winter 2014. Using a web environment, students described and reflected upon their experiences in categories of competencies that leaders in industry and education have identified when evaluating the future needs of the global STEM workforce. The objectives of the project were to (1) deploy an online system that served to standardize the recognition of engineering co-curricular learning; (2) understand different motivations students have for seeking recognition for their co-curricular learning and whether digital badges satisfy those motivations; (3) maximize the perceived value of digital badges while minimizing undue burden on the student to collect evidence of their co-curricular learning; (4) examine how students discuss, discover, and share digital badges and their supporting evidence, with their peers and with potential employers; and (5) disseminate findings that inform the use of digital badges designed to represent the wide variety of skills that students can acquire through co-curricular opportunities in higher education.
Water Supply And Sanitation Infrastructure In Ethiopia
Water supply is the provision of water by public utilities, commercial organizations, community and by individuals, usually via a system of pumps and pipes
Water is a necessary element for sustainable development.
It serves a crucial link between the environment and society and the heart the heart of adaptation to climate change.
Water is critical for human survival, healthy ecosystem, food production, energy production, and socio-economic development. Increasing population, limited water resources, and our dependence on water has given rise to global water quality challenges.
Taps and Toilets: How Greater Access Can Radically Improve Africa’s FutureEric Firnhaber
The International Futures modeling system is used to explore the impact of sanitation and clean water on development in Africa through improvements in access to them. The paper explores a Base Case and alternate scenarios that reflect, respectively, enhanced rates of access and stagnating rates of access. Impacts on development are measured through infant mortality, communicable diseases, GDP, and state fragility. The analysis includes a preliminary cost-benefit analysis.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 5DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 5. In this session, we will cover CI/CD with devops.
Topics covered:
CI/CD with in UiPath
End-to-end overview of CI/CD pipeline with Azure devops
Speaker:
Lyndsey Byblow, Test Suite Sales Engineer @ UiPath, Inc.
Dr. Sean Tan, Head of Data Science, Changi Airport Group
Discover how Changi Airport Group (CAG) leverages graph technologies and generative AI to revolutionize their search capabilities. This session delves into the unique search needs of CAG’s diverse passengers and customers, showcasing how graph data structures enhance the accuracy and relevance of AI-generated search results, mitigating the risk of “hallucinations” and improving the overall customer journey.
In his public lecture, Christian Timmerer provides insights into the fascinating history of video streaming, starting from its humble beginnings before YouTube to the groundbreaking technologies that now dominate platforms like Netflix and ORF ON. Timmerer also presents provocative contributions of his own that have significantly influenced the industry. He concludes by looking at future challenges and invites the audience to join in a discussion.
Alt. GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using ...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
Removing Uninteresting Bytes in Software FuzzingAftab Hussain
Imagine a world where software fuzzing, the process of mutating bytes in test seeds to uncover hidden and erroneous program behaviors, becomes faster and more effective. A lot depends on the initial seeds, which can significantly dictate the trajectory of a fuzzing campaign, particularly in terms of how long it takes to uncover interesting behaviour in your code. We introduce DIAR, a technique designed to speedup fuzzing campaigns by pinpointing and eliminating those uninteresting bytes in the seeds. Picture this: instead of wasting valuable resources on meaningless mutations in large, bloated seeds, DIAR removes the unnecessary bytes, streamlining the entire process.
In this work, we equipped AFL, a popular fuzzer, with DIAR and examined two critical Linux libraries -- Libxml's xmllint, a tool for parsing xml documents, and Binutil's readelf, an essential debugging and security analysis command-line tool used to display detailed information about ELF (Executable and Linkable Format). Our preliminary results show that AFL+DIAR does not only discover new paths more quickly but also achieves higher coverage overall. This work thus showcases how starting with lean and optimized seeds can lead to faster, more comprehensive fuzzing campaigns -- and DIAR helps you find such seeds.
- These are slides of the talk given at IEEE International Conference on Software Testing Verification and Validation Workshop, ICSTW 2022.
GridMate - End to end testing is a critical piece to ensure quality and avoid...ThomasParaiso2
End to end testing is a critical piece to ensure quality and avoid regressions. In this session, we share our journey building an E2E testing pipeline for GridMate components (LWC and Aura) using Cypress, JSForce, FakerJS…
Goodbye Windows 11: Make Way for Nitrux Linux 3.5.0!SOFTTECHHUB
As the digital landscape continually evolves, operating systems play a critical role in shaping user experiences and productivity. The launch of Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 marks a significant milestone, offering a robust alternative to traditional systems such as Windows 11. This article delves into the essence of Nitrux Linux 3.5.0, exploring its unique features, advantages, and how it stands as a compelling choice for both casual users and tech enthusiasts.
GraphSummit Singapore | The Future of Agility: Supercharging Digital Transfor...Neo4j
Leonard Jayamohan, Partner & Generative AI Lead, Deloitte
This keynote will reveal how Deloitte leverages Neo4j’s graph power for groundbreaking digital twin solutions, achieving a staggering 100x performance boost. Discover the essential role knowledge graphs play in successful generative AI implementations. Plus, get an exclusive look at an innovative Neo4j + Generative AI solution Deloitte is developing in-house.
Climate Impact of Software Testing at Nordic Testing DaysKari Kakkonen
My slides at Nordic Testing Days 6.6.2024
Climate impact / sustainability of software testing discussed on the talk. ICT and testing must carry their part of global responsibility to help with the climat warming. We can minimize the carbon footprint but we can also have a carbon handprint, a positive impact on the climate. Quality characteristics can be added with sustainability, and then measured continuously. Test environments can be used less, and in smaller scale and on demand. Test techniques can be used in optimizing or minimizing number of tests. Test automation can be used to speed up testing.
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 6DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 6. In this session, we will cover Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI webinar offers an in-depth exploration of leveraging cutting-edge technologies for test automation within the UiPath platform. Attendees will delve into the integration of generative AI, a test automation solution, with Open AI advanced natural language processing capabilities.
Throughout the session, participants will discover how this synergy empowers testers to automate repetitive tasks, enhance testing accuracy, and expedite the software testing life cycle. Topics covered include the seamless integration process, practical use cases, and the benefits of harnessing AI-driven automation for UiPath testing initiatives. By attending this webinar, testers, and automation professionals can gain valuable insights into harnessing the power of AI to optimize their test automation workflows within the UiPath ecosystem, ultimately driving efficiency and quality in software development processes.
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into integrating generative AI.
2. Understanding how this integration enhances test automation within the UiPath platform
3. Practical demonstrations
4. Exploration of real-world use cases illustrating the benefits of AI-driven test automation for UiPath
Topics covered:
What is generative AI
Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath integration with generative AI
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Enchancing adoption of Open Source Libraries. A case study on Albumentations.AIVladimir Iglovikov, Ph.D.
Presented by Vladimir Iglovikov:
- https://www.linkedin.com/in/iglovikov/
- https://x.com/viglovikov
- https://www.instagram.com/ternaus/
This presentation delves into the journey of Albumentations.ai, a highly successful open-source library for data augmentation.
Created out of a necessity for superior performance in Kaggle competitions, Albumentations has grown to become a widely used tool among data scientists and machine learning practitioners.
This case study covers various aspects, including:
People: The contributors and community that have supported Albumentations.
Metrics: The success indicators such as downloads, daily active users, GitHub stars, and financial contributions.
Challenges: The hurdles in monetizing open-source projects and measuring user engagement.
Development Practices: Best practices for creating, maintaining, and scaling open-source libraries, including code hygiene, CI/CD, and fast iteration.
Community Building: Strategies for making adoption easy, iterating quickly, and fostering a vibrant, engaged community.
Marketing: Both online and offline marketing tactics, focusing on real, impactful interactions and collaborations.
Mental Health: Maintaining balance and not feeling pressured by user demands.
Key insights include the importance of automation, making the adoption process seamless, and leveraging offline interactions for marketing. The presentation also emphasizes the need for continuous small improvements and building a friendly, inclusive community that contributes to the project's growth.
Vladimir Iglovikov brings his extensive experience as a Kaggle Grandmaster, ex-Staff ML Engineer at Lyft, sharing valuable lessons and practical advice for anyone looking to enhance the adoption of their open-source projects.
Explore more about Albumentations and join the community at:
GitHub: https://github.com/albumentations-team/albumentations
Website: https://albumentations.ai/
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/100504475
Twitter: https://x.com/albumentations
How to Get CNIC Information System with Paksim Ga.pptxdanishmna97
Pakdata Cf is a groundbreaking system designed to streamline and facilitate access to CNIC information. This innovative platform leverages advanced technology to provide users with efficient and secure access to their CNIC details.
Observability Concepts EVERY Developer Should Know -- DeveloperWeek Europe.pdfPaige Cruz
Monitoring and observability aren’t traditionally found in software curriculums and many of us cobble this knowledge together from whatever vendor or ecosystem we were first introduced to and whatever is a part of your current company’s observability stack.
While the dev and ops silo continues to crumble….many organizations still relegate monitoring & observability as the purview of ops, infra and SRE teams. This is a mistake - achieving a highly observable system requires collaboration up and down the stack.
I, a former op, would like to extend an invitation to all application developers to join the observability party will share these foundational concepts to build on:
9. About 1 billion people around the world don’t have access to safe drinking water….
10. Proportion of the Population Using an Improved Drinking Water Source, 2008
11. …and 2.5 don’t have access to basic sanitation like toilets and latrines.
12. Proportion of the Population Using an Improved Sanitation Facility, 2008
13. Diarrhea, often caused by consuming dirty water, has killedmore children in the past ten years than all of the lives lost to armed conflict since 1945.
IntroduceWaterCan – Leslie/Andrea – mention when started working with OSRA (200?)Introduce OSRA - Getu – Who we are and mission
Second largest population on the continent, boats unparalleled ethnic and linguistic diversityLocated in the Horn of Africa, Ethiopia is a prominent and strategically located nation that has become a major player in African affairs. With the second largest population on the continent, Ethiopia boasts unparalleled ethnic and linguistic diversity. Ethiopia has made significant strides in its social and economic development since the world’s attention focused on its terrible plight during the 1984-85 famine. however, high percentage of population lives in poverty, and only 2% have access to clean water and a mere 13% access to basic sanitation The country WC has worked in the longest
With key stakeholders, help people to help themselves, in partnership with beneficiary communities and community based organizations at the grass roots level, local NGOs, government institutions and donor agencies
- Has one of the lowest rates of access to water supply, sanitation and hygiene in the world, WHO Stats: 13% access to sanitation, 22% to water ???But before I go into the work OSRA does in Ethiopia, let me put this into context globally
IMPACT of WASH interventions on U5 child morbidity71 studies Measurement: the incidence of endemic (non-outbreak) diarrhoea among children (over 130.000) Use an infant or child as the unit of observation, defined as aged under 12 and 71 months in most cases; Were conducted in 35 developing (low- or middle -income) countries; across Africa, Asia and Latin AmericaUpdating the existing systematic reviews and meta-analyses + new evidence + rectifying methodological shortcomings (outcome variable, comparison groups, estimation procedures, internal validity).
Talking Points:This slide tells us where the 2.6 billion people who still lack improved sanitation are.The World will miss the sanitation MDG target by almost 1 billion people
The global WASH crisis claims significantly more lives than wars;
While the need for clean water is well understood, the need for basic sanitation facilities like toilets and latrines is not. BUT they are closely connected to the need for clean water. One of the greatest pollutants of water is human waste, or untreated sewage.-90% of sewage in developing countries in released untreated into local water sources, contaminating water and the food chain, making bathing a health risk and breading flies that spread disease.
- In some areas, women and girls must wait until after dark to defecate, which not only leads to discomfort and serious disease, but can place them at risk for harassment and violence
- This is a crisis that hinders nearly every aspect of international development and the fight against poverty. If children are sick from diarrheal diseases because they drink dirty water or are required to fetch water during school hours, how will they get an education and escape poverty? If women need to spend hours fetching water each day, how will they pursue adult education, start small businesses and become equals in their communities? If half of the worlds hospital beds in developing countries are filled with people suffering from water and sanitation related diseases how will the workforce in these countries be able to sustain economic growth?
-Despite strong commitment to its national poverty reduction plan, the country still contends with shockingly low water and sanitation coverage rates. Majority of the people especially from the rural settings collect water from unprotected sources such as uncapped springs, rivers, traditional hand dug wells, etc Sanitation and hygiene related diseases are among the most commonly deadly diseases in Ethiopia. 20% of under 5 child mortality (123/1000) is related to diarrheal diseases associated with poor hygiene, sanitation, and unsafe waterWhile the situation in Ethiopia is dire, and challenging, change is happening.
There are strong national water supplies and sanitation policies and key agencies have clear roles and strategies. National policies are set by the Ministry of water resources (MWR) for water supply and by the Ministry of Health for sanitation.-The government has ambitious plans for Universal Access Plan (2005-2012) for 100% latrine coverage & 98% safe water coverage by 2012 - Though there has been a significant increase in access for water supply and sanitation, which spans both urban and rural areas:
-The official figures indicate potable water coverage in 2009/2010 is 68.5%. Urban potable coverage (within 0.5KM) and rural coverage (within 1.5Kms) are 91.5 and 65.8, respectively -The latest government figure puts the national latrines access to 60%, while WHO & UNICEF suggest a figure of 40%
-like the case in most rural areas in the country, water, sanitation and hygiene is one of the critical problems in OSRA’s intervention areas-main sources of water for the community and schools are rivers and unprotected hand dug wells -for most of the people access to water gets deteriorated during the dry season as the hand dug wells and rivers dried up, hand dug wells usually collapse due to lose nature of the soil
-as a result women and children (who shoulder the burden of collecting water) have to walk long distance for about 2 hours to fetch unpotable water -water related and water borne diseases are among the top diseases that endanger the lives of children, women and men -access to sanitation facilities and improved hygiene practices is almost non exist, people take shower and wash clothes in the same source from which they collect water for consumption; most of the people do not use latrine and exercise open defecation
-schools do not have child and gender friendly latrines and other sanitation facilities -simple pit latrines poorly constructed with locally available materials and wooden slab -not sufficient to serve all the communities in the schools and not hygienic and safe for students to use, as the slabs are not well constructed and have no doors. - --->This has resulted in absenteeism and increased school dropout rates
Thus to address these specific needs, OSRA is experienced in developing shallow wells with hand pumps, springs, and motorized deep wells with reservoir and distribution pointsThe choice of technology depends on the geological formation of specific target areas and available resourcesIn areas where we work with WC, we developed a number of shallow wells with hand pumps as the ground water table is shallowRegarding sanitation, focus is on promotion of household latrines constructed using locally available materials-simple technology that can easily be constructed Promote construction of community managed washing basins and shower blocks, which are integrated with water supply Depending on the specific contexts, connect schools to available water sources (extension from existing sources)through pipe and construction of water tanks; develop shallow well fitted with hand pumps, elevated water tank and water distribution pointSanitation: promote child and gender friendly VIP latrines along with hand washing and urinals (for boys)
Community Training Lack of knowledge and practices related to hygiene and sanitation is one of the critical problems in the community we are working withTraining and/or capacity building is an integral components of WASH interventionsOur community training can broadly be classified into two: software & hardware
Software training basically focuses on hygiene promotion and sanitation, which is concerned with promoting hygiene behaviorsThe emphasis is on the following five key hygiene behaviors (hygiene domains): personal hygiene, safe disposal of human excreta, environmental and domestic hygiene, water hygiene, and food hygieneProvide training to communities, and hygiene education communicators, on the promotion of improved hygiene practices such as construction and utilization of latrines; hand washing at critical times; personal hygiene, food and water hygiene, environmental sanitationDemonstrate to the communities the relationship between hygiene behavior, sanitation and health statusIn addition to hygiene and sanitation training, establish and train WATSAN committees on management of community based water supply and sanitation facilities
Level of awareness on water, hygiene and sanitation challenges and the resulting health and economic benefits from improved hygiene and sanitation practices improved.Improved personal and environmental hygiene and sanitation practices: people have started constructing and using latrinesImproved health and living situation as a result of reduced prevalence of water related diseases; People have less water and hygiene related diseases and don’t have to go to the clinics very often anymore, which saves them time and money.Reduced workload for women and children, increased involvement of women in community affairs including management of community and school based Water & sanitation facilities
Reduced open defecation in the villages and schools because people have learned the importance of using latrines and practicing improved hygiene behaviorConducive teaching learning environment created for school children and contributed to better quality of educationThe rate of absenteeism and dropouts due to lack of water and sanitation facilities has been reduced;Increased time for productive purposes