Hydraulic fracturing combined with horizontal drilling has significantly increased oil and gas production from unconventional reservoirs by creating extensive fracture networks. However, a large amount of water is required for fracturing and there are concerns about water usage and effectiveness. New technologies allow for more optimized well completions to improve production and reduce water usage per stage by 30-50%. Water management strategies like recycling and treating lower quality water can further decrease freshwater usage.
Bob Hedin, Hedin Environmental, "Effective Passive Treatment of Coal Mine Dra...Michael Hewitt, GISP
Contaminated mine drainage on abandoned coal mine sites can be treated by passive or active treatment techniques. Passive treatment is less costly than active treatment, but its reliability is often questioned. This paper presents a simple design approach that has been used to design passive treatment systems in Pennsylvania for the past 20 years. Four systems that demonstrate commonly utilized passive technologies are described and long-term data are presented. The systems have provided highly reliable and effective treatment for 3-18 years. The data demonstrate that properly designed, constructed, and maintained passive treatment systems are a highly cost-effective solution for contaminated mine discharges on AML sites.
Bob Hedin, Hedin Environmental, "Effective Passive Treatment of Coal Mine Dra...Michael Hewitt, GISP
Contaminated mine drainage on abandoned coal mine sites can be treated by passive or active treatment techniques. Passive treatment is less costly than active treatment, but its reliability is often questioned. This paper presents a simple design approach that has been used to design passive treatment systems in Pennsylvania for the past 20 years. Four systems that demonstrate commonly utilized passive technologies are described and long-term data are presented. The systems have provided highly reliable and effective treatment for 3-18 years. The data demonstrate that properly designed, constructed, and maintained passive treatment systems are a highly cost-effective solution for contaminated mine discharges on AML sites.
Vision Earthcare Soil Bio Technology is a trademarked technology brand for waste water recycling.
http://www.visionearthcare.com/home/soil-bio-technology
Applying Process Modeling with GPS-X™ for Understanding WASSTRIP Impact on Nu...Malcolm Fabiyi
The new resource recovery paradigm that is being increasingly adopted in the wastewater industry is leading to the emergence and adoption of new treatment processes. Process modeling can allow operators to get a good handle on the impact of these technologies and processes on their operations.
A Review of Zeolite Based Treatment Water Systems and Thier Applicability in ...Daniel Eyde
The revisions to the Clean Water Act, ever lower NPDES water discharge standards and competition for scarce water resources have increased the need for cost-effective water treatment products and applications. Many water treatment sites are remote and lack infrastructure, others are passive or semi-passisve wetlands and bioreactors whose effluent, while meeting discharge standards, still require additional treatment for turbidity, COD, BOD and pH adjustment. The use of natural zeolites, alone or in conjunction with other treatment technologies, have had success in mitigating amD/amR discharges, as well as heavy metals, turbidity, NH4+, Al, Mn and silica in coal and hard rock mining impacted effluents. In uranium mining areas and NURE impacted waters, treatment systems initially designed more for problems like for Three Mile Island and Fukushima have been effective in capturing radionuclides in both passive and active treatment systems, most recently at the Homestake Uranium Tailings at Grants, NM. The applicability of the ion exchange and filtration capabilities of zeolites, their ability to be used in passive treatment systems and their limitations are reviewed.
Cairn India is committed to conducting its operations in a socially and environmentally responsible manner. This commitment is fundamental to the long term success and focus on creating value and making a difference where Cairn India operates through various community development initiative in Rajasthan, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh and Sri Lanka. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is therefore an integral part of Cairn India’s business strategy. Cairn India’s success is guided by the CSR vision, which is encapsulated in the 3 Rs – Respect, Relationships and Responsibility.
Cairn India is committed to conducting its operations in a socially and environmentally responsible manner. This commitment is fundamental to the long term success and focus on creating value and making a difference where Cairn India operates through various community development initiative in Rajasthan, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh and Sri Lanka. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is therefore an integral part of Cairn India’s business strategy. Cairn India’s success is guided by the CSR vision, which is encapsulated in the 3 Rs – Respect, Relationships and Responsibility.
Vision Earthcare Soil Bio Technology is a trademarked technology brand for waste water recycling.
http://www.visionearthcare.com/home/soil-bio-technology
Applying Process Modeling with GPS-X™ for Understanding WASSTRIP Impact on Nu...Malcolm Fabiyi
The new resource recovery paradigm that is being increasingly adopted in the wastewater industry is leading to the emergence and adoption of new treatment processes. Process modeling can allow operators to get a good handle on the impact of these technologies and processes on their operations.
A Review of Zeolite Based Treatment Water Systems and Thier Applicability in ...Daniel Eyde
The revisions to the Clean Water Act, ever lower NPDES water discharge standards and competition for scarce water resources have increased the need for cost-effective water treatment products and applications. Many water treatment sites are remote and lack infrastructure, others are passive or semi-passisve wetlands and bioreactors whose effluent, while meeting discharge standards, still require additional treatment for turbidity, COD, BOD and pH adjustment. The use of natural zeolites, alone or in conjunction with other treatment technologies, have had success in mitigating amD/amR discharges, as well as heavy metals, turbidity, NH4+, Al, Mn and silica in coal and hard rock mining impacted effluents. In uranium mining areas and NURE impacted waters, treatment systems initially designed more for problems like for Three Mile Island and Fukushima have been effective in capturing radionuclides in both passive and active treatment systems, most recently at the Homestake Uranium Tailings at Grants, NM. The applicability of the ion exchange and filtration capabilities of zeolites, their ability to be used in passive treatment systems and their limitations are reviewed.
Cairn India is committed to conducting its operations in a socially and environmentally responsible manner. This commitment is fundamental to the long term success and focus on creating value and making a difference where Cairn India operates through various community development initiative in Rajasthan, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh and Sri Lanka. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is therefore an integral part of Cairn India’s business strategy. Cairn India’s success is guided by the CSR vision, which is encapsulated in the 3 Rs – Respect, Relationships and Responsibility.
Cairn India is committed to conducting its operations in a socially and environmentally responsible manner. This commitment is fundamental to the long term success and focus on creating value and making a difference where Cairn India operates through various community development initiative in Rajasthan, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh and Sri Lanka. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is therefore an integral part of Cairn India’s business strategy. Cairn India’s success is guided by the CSR vision, which is encapsulated in the 3 Rs – Respect, Relationships and Responsibility.
The cover embodies the Cairn India principle of creating
long term value for our stakeholders through sustainable
business processes. While the horizon is a reflection of our
diversified portfolio of producing assets, the heart of the
report is the people or communities around our areas of
operation. Just as the principles of Respect, Responsibility
and Relationships are embedded in our business
processes and carried forward by every employee, we
hope the essence and impact of sustainability will also
act as a bridge between older and younger generations
of communities. The tree of life embodies the fruit of
hydrocarbon development and the children the catalyst
and carriers of this sustainability journey.
Blackburn Bowls Club Lessons for water storageNEXTDC
Blackburn Bowls Club have recently completed an excellent water saving project. This is a presentation they presented at the November Business Breakfast series for Yarra Valley Water.
Heavy Oil recovery traditionally starts with depletion drive and (natural) waterdrive with very low recoveries as a result. As EOR technique, steam injection has been matured since the 1950s using CSS (cyclic steam stimulation), steam drive or steam flooding, and SAGD (steam assisted gravity drainage). The high energy cost of heating up the oil bearing formation to steam temperature and the associated high CO2 footprint make steam based technology less attractive today and many companies in the industry have been actively trying to find alternatives or improvements. As a result there are now many more energy efficient recovery technologies that can unlock heavy oil resources compared with only a decade ago. This presentation will discuss breakthrough alternatives to steam based recovery as well as incremental improvement options to steam injection techniques. The key message is the importance to consider these techniques because steam injection is costly and has a high CO2 footprint
Johan van Dorp holds an MSc in Experimental Physics from Utrecht University and joined Shell in 1981. He has served on several international assignments, mainly in petroleum and reservoir engineering roles. He recently led the extra heavy-oil research team at the Shell Technology Centre in Calgary, focusing on improved in-situ heavy-oil recovery technologies. Van Dorp also was Shell Group Principal Technical Expert in Thermal EOR and has been involved with most thermal projects in Shell throughout the world, including in California, Oman, the Netherlands, and Canada. He retired from Shell after more than 35 years in Oct 2016. Van Dorp (co-)authored 13 SPE papers on diverse subjects.
Trican Well Service - Unconventional Resources PresentationSistema FIEB
Apresentação de Jim McKee, da Trican Well Services, durante o evento promovido pelo Sistema FIEB, Fundamentos da Exploração e Produção de Não Convencionais: a Experiência Canadense.
The 10 Most Influential Leaders Guiding Corporate Evolution, 2024.pdfthesiliconleaders
In the recent edition, The 10 Most Influential Leaders Guiding Corporate Evolution, 2024, The Silicon Leaders magazine gladly features Dejan Štancer, President of the Global Chamber of Business Leaders (GCBL), along with other leaders.
3.0 Project 2_ Developing My Brand Identity Kit.pptxtanyjahb
A personal brand exploration presentation summarizes an individual's unique qualities and goals, covering strengths, values, passions, and target audience. It helps individuals understand what makes them stand out, their desired image, and how they aim to achieve it.
Personal Brand Statement:
As an Army veteran dedicated to lifelong learning, I bring a disciplined, strategic mindset to my pursuits. I am constantly expanding my knowledge to innovate and lead effectively. My journey is driven by a commitment to excellence, and to make a meaningful impact in the world.
Implicitly or explicitly all competing businesses employ a strategy to select a mix
of marketing resources. Formulating such competitive strategies fundamentally
involves recognizing relationships between elements of the marketing mix (e.g.,
price and product quality), as well as assessing competitive and market conditions
(i.e., industry structure in the language of economics).
LA HUG - Video Testimonials with Chynna Morgan - June 2024Lital Barkan
Have you ever heard that user-generated content or video testimonials can take your brand to the next level? We will explore how you can effectively use video testimonials to leverage and boost your sales, content strategy, and increase your CRM data.🤯
We will dig deeper into:
1. How to capture video testimonials that convert from your audience 🎥
2. How to leverage your testimonials to boost your sales 💲
3. How you can capture more CRM data to understand your audience better through video testimonials. 📊
Understanding User Needs and Satisfying ThemAggregage
https://www.productmanagementtoday.com/frs/26903918/understanding-user-needs-and-satisfying-them
We know we want to create products which our customers find to be valuable. Whether we label it as customer-centric or product-led depends on how long we've been doing product management. There are three challenges we face when doing this. The obvious challenge is figuring out what our users need; the non-obvious challenges are in creating a shared understanding of those needs and in sensing if what we're doing is meeting those needs.
In this webinar, we won't focus on the research methods for discovering user-needs. We will focus on synthesis of the needs we discover, communication and alignment tools, and how we operationalize addressing those needs.
Industry expert Scott Sehlhorst will:
• Introduce a taxonomy for user goals with real world examples
• Present the Onion Diagram, a tool for contextualizing task-level goals
• Illustrate how customer journey maps capture activity-level and task-level goals
• Demonstrate the best approach to selection and prioritization of user-goals to address
• Highlight the crucial benchmarks, observable changes, in ensuring fulfillment of customer needs
Company Valuation webinar series - Tuesday, 4 June 2024FelixPerez547899
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Digital Transformation and IT Strategy Toolkit and TemplatesAurelien Domont, MBA
This Digital Transformation and IT Strategy Toolkit was created by ex-McKinsey, Deloitte and BCG Management Consultants, after more than 5,000 hours of work. It is considered the world's best & most comprehensive Digital Transformation and IT Strategy Toolkit. It includes all the Frameworks, Best Practices & Templates required to successfully undertake the Digital Transformation of your organization and define a robust IT Strategy.
Editable Toolkit to help you reuse our content: 700 Powerpoint slides | 35 Excel sheets | 84 minutes of Video training
This PowerPoint presentation is only a small preview of our Toolkits. For more details, visit www.domontconsulting.com
Water Usage Optimization & Management for Hydraulic Fracturing | Dr. Chris Fredd, Unconventional Reservoir Stimulation Advisor
1. W E L L S E R V I C E S
Water Usage Optimization &
Management for Hydraulic Fracturing
Dr. Chris Fredd
Unconventional Reservoir Stimulation Advisor
Global HSE Conference, New Delhi, India, 26-27 September, 2013
2. Evolution of Reservoir Rock
Pre-Hydraulic
Fracturing
Hydraulic
Fracturing
Combination w/
Horizontal Drilling
Reservoir
Reservoir
3. Why Hydraulic Fracturing?
Vertical, Perforated Well Vertical, Perforated Well with Single Frac
Horizontal, Perforated Well with 15 Frac Stages
200 Ft High x 6” Wellbore 200 Ft High x (1) 200 Ft Frac with 2 Wings Each
200 Ft High x 6” Wellbore x (15) 200 Ft Frac with 2 Wings Each
315 Sq Ft 160,000 Sq Ft
2,400,000 Sq Ft
4. Impact of Reservoir Contact
Increasing Reservoir Contact (surface area) improves production
0
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
35,000
40,000
45,000
50,000
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
CumulativeGas(MMscf)
Time (days)
Nf=1 Nf=2 Nf=3 Nf=4 Nf=5
Nf=6 Nf=7 Nf=8 Nf=9 Nf=10
Source: SPE 163975
Tight Carbonate (Khuff)
L = 3,000 ft
k = ~0.1 md
6. Concerns Faced
Long Term Energy Resources
– Large Resource Base
– Energy Security and
Independence
Economy Benefits
– Potential Jobs
– Local Business Growth
Conservation of Resources
– Surface Water & Agriculture
Protection
– Desire for Transparency
– Standards Needed
Long Term Presence and Impact
– Increased Infrastructure Strain
– Increased Traffic, Noise,
Emissions
Resource Opportunities VS
Unconventionals Development - Benefits v Pitfalls
7. Conservation of Water Resources
Water Usage Associated with Unconventional
Reservoir Development is a Major Area of Focus
Four Main Opportunities to Reduce Usage
- Better Field Development Planning
- Optimized Stimulation of Each Well
- Novel Completion Techniques
- Recycling / Reuse of Water
7
8. Surface Management with Direction DrillingSurface Management with Direction Drilling
10.50
kilometers
10.50
kilometers
13. 89% Perf Clusters Producing versus 64% Average Perf Clusters Producing
Perf. Clusters
Flow Rate
Results of Engineered Completion
Completion Quality (CQ) or “frac-ability”
Reservoir Quality (RQ)
14. Impact of an Integrated Workflow
Sources: SPE 158268, SPE 134827, SPE 146872
Geometric RQ + CQ
3MonthBOE
Eagle Ford Shale
>33%
increase
Geometric RQ + CQ
Marcellus Shale
75%
increase
Selectively placed perforation clusters
Rock quality legend
Stress legend
High
Low
Rock quality
Stress
Shale / Source Rock
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
3MonthOilProduction
Ordos Basin: Tight Oil
Tight Sandstone
>50%
increase
15. Downward trend in water per stage
Downward trend to ~40 bbls/min
Technology has an Impact
Trends in the Eagle Ford Shale…
15
16. Downward trend in water per stage
Downward trend to ~40 bbls/min
Technology has an Impact
Trends in the Eagle Ford Shale…
16
Moving away from slickwater…
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2
Water ProppantCum 25 day production
Channel Frac
Hybrid
Slickwater
RelativeWaterperstageor
RelativeProppantperstageor
Relativeproduction
Less Proppant
Less Water
More Production
Source: SPE 145403
Source: www. petrohawk.com
Channel Frac – Gross Gas
17. Channel Fracturing
- >18,000 Treatments in >1,500 Wells in 19 Countries
- Variety of Formations (Carbonate, Sandstone, Shale)
- Unprecedented Proppant Placement Rate
(>99.96%)… ~450 Screen-outs Prevented to Date
Significant Increase in Production
- Typically > 20%
Significant Reduction in Logistics, Safety Risks and
Environmental Footprint
- Typical Water Consumption Reduction of 25%
- Typical Proppant Consumption Reduction of 42%
- Savings:
- Greater than 400,000,000 gals of Water
- Greater than 1,200,000,000 Lbs of Proppant
- 52,000 Hauling Trips
- Greater than 12,000,000 lbs of CO2 Emissions
Novel Completion Techniques
18. Water Sources – Water Management
Fresh Water
– Municipal
– Water wells: shallow and deep
– Ponds, Streams and Rivers
– Aquifer
Brackish Water
[loose definition: more saline than
fresh water, less saline than sea water]
– Produced water
– Aquifer
– Lake or Sea
– Waste waters
Sea water
18
WaterTreatmentoptions
19. Brackish Water Applications in North America
New Mexico (SPE 133379)
- 100% produced water treated
with fluid stabilizer additive
- Guar with Titanate crosslinker
- CO2 Energized Frac
Piecance
- 100% produced water
- slickwater
Uintah and Jonah/Mesa
- 100% produced water
- Slickwater/Crosslinked
19
20. - Electrolytic Cell Generates a Mixed Oxidant
Solution (MOS) onsite to Disinfect Frac Fluid
- Generates Hypochlorite Species Predominantly
- Only Require Water, Salt and Energy onsite to
Generate the MOS Disinfection Stream
Mixed
Oxidants
HClO
ClO·
ClO-
Cl·
HO2
·
HO2
OH·
H·
H2O2
O3
O2
·
½ O2
O·
Anode Reaction
2 Cl- → Cl2 + 2e-
Cathode Reaction
2 H2O + 2e- → H2
↑ + 2 OH-
Chlorine Hydrolysis Reaction
Cl2 + H2O ↔ HOCl + Cl- + H+
HOCl ↔ OCl- + H+
Mixed Oxidant SolutionSalt Water Power
Water Disinfection
21. Main Generator
(480V, 200A, 215kVA)
Standby Generator
(480V, 30A, 25kVA)
Mixed Oxidant Generator Skid
(40 ft Container)
Feed Water Pre-treatment Skid
(20 ft container)
Design Capacity:
FAC dose = 20 ppm.
Pump rate = 120 bbl/min.
Water volume = 120,000 bbl.
(10 stages @ 12,000 bbl/stage)
MOS Generation
22. Source: From Chesapeake Fact Sheet with Data from GWPC, DOE
Energy Resource Range of Gallons of Water
Usedper MMBTU of Energy
Produced
MarcellusGas Well 1.30
Coalwith No Slurry Transport 2 to 8
Coalwith Slurry Transport 13 to 32
Nuclear(Uranium Ready to Use in a Power Plant) 8 to 14
ConventionalOil 8 to 20
Synfuel – Coal Gasification 11 to 26
OilShale 22 to 56
Tar Sands 27 to 68
Synfuel – Fischer Tropsch Synthesis(from Coal) 41 to 60
EnhancedOil Recovery 21 to 2,500
Biofuels(Irrigated Corn Ethanol,Irrigated Soy Biodiesel) >2,500
Water Requirements by Energy Resource
23. Summary
Technology can have a significant impact
– Leverage technology to maximize production
from resource investment
– Optimize designs for the Reservoir to
avoid waste
(one solution does not “fit” all)
– Novel technologies to reduce water
requirements
Water Management strategies
– Recycle / re-use / treat-for-purpose
– & technologies more tolerant of
poorer water quality
What is your KPI? BTU / gal Water, … ?
Editor's Notes
8000 bbls x 10 stages = 80,000 bbls or 3,360,000 gals water/well & 3,000,000 lbs prop/well