This document discusses options for generating renewable tidal energy in the Severn Estuary, including the impacts of constructing a tidal barrage or lagoons. It finds that a tidal barrage could generate over 5% of the UK's electricity but would significantly reduce tidal ranges and currents, altering the estuary's environment. Studies using hydraulic models evaluated different barrage designs and operation modes. A barrage could reduce flood risks for communities while increasing water clarity but also decreasing bird populations that rely on existing habitats. Careful environmental impact assessments are needed to understand and mitigate effects on the estuary.
Sustainable Hydropower Development Alternatives for the MekongJessicaNagtalon
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Teaching and research with MIKE by DHI - Dr Björn Elsäßer (Queen’s University...Stephen Flood
Teaching and research with MIKE by DHI - Dr Björn Elsäßer (Queen’s University Belfast).
Presented at the 2014 MIKE by DHI UK Symposium on 13th to 14th May 2014.
On April 17 2015 the Committee on Climate Change held their first meeting in Wales, Cardiff. A range of stakeholders were invited to discuss the challenges faced by Wales in implementing its low-carbon strategy.
2014 MIKE by DHI UK Symposium - Draft AgendaStephen Flood
2014 MIKE by DHI UK Symposium
Date: 13th to 14th May 2014
Venue: Coombe Abbey Hotel, Warwickshire, UK
Cost: Free event (excepting accommodation costs - see below)
Registration: http://www.mikebydhi.com/GlobalEvents/UKUGM2014.aspx
6% of the flow of fresh water from land to sea takes places through seeps under all coastlines, products of subterranean courses which developed during the ice ages. These have potential to generate power and supply potable water on a large scale.
Proposal prepared by Geoff Croker in conjunction with Docklands Science Park.
Sustainable Hydropower Development Alternatives for the MekongJessicaNagtalon
Presentation by Gregory Thomas, CEO of the Natural Heritage Institute on NHI's work in Cambodia and Laos to produce sustainable hydropower development alternatives to protect the extraordinary natural productivity of the Mekong River.
Teaching and research with MIKE by DHI - Dr Björn Elsäßer (Queen’s University...Stephen Flood
Teaching and research with MIKE by DHI - Dr Björn Elsäßer (Queen’s University Belfast).
Presented at the 2014 MIKE by DHI UK Symposium on 13th to 14th May 2014.
On April 17 2015 the Committee on Climate Change held their first meeting in Wales, Cardiff. A range of stakeholders were invited to discuss the challenges faced by Wales in implementing its low-carbon strategy.
2014 MIKE by DHI UK Symposium - Draft AgendaStephen Flood
2014 MIKE by DHI UK Symposium
Date: 13th to 14th May 2014
Venue: Coombe Abbey Hotel, Warwickshire, UK
Cost: Free event (excepting accommodation costs - see below)
Registration: http://www.mikebydhi.com/GlobalEvents/UKUGM2014.aspx
6% of the flow of fresh water from land to sea takes places through seeps under all coastlines, products of subterranean courses which developed during the ice ages. These have potential to generate power and supply potable water on a large scale.
Proposal prepared by Geoff Croker in conjunction with Docklands Science Park.
Assessment of Swan and Canning River Tidal and Storm Surge Water Levels - Ala...Stephen Flood
Assessment of Swan and Canning River Tidal and Storm Surge Water Levels - Alan Forster (URS).
Presented at the 2014 MIKE by DHI UK Symposium on 13th to 14th May 2014.
Surplus fresh water from northwest Tasmanian rivers can be diverted to Melbourne as first step in a chain to provide needed water to new mineral prospects in outback South Australia.
Proposal prepared by Geoff Croker in conjunction with Docklands Science Park.
This presentation was given by Professor Alastair Driver, Catchment restoration specialist and ecologist, at the EPA's October 2017 Catchment Science and Management Course. You can find more information about catchment management at www.catchments.ie
Undertaking Modelling of Flooding due to Wave Overtopping using the MIKE by D...Stephen Flood
Undertaking Modelling of Flooding due to Wave Overtopping using the MIKE by DHI Software Suite - Dr Suzie Clarke (DHI)
This presentation outlines the basis for one of the methodologies that can be followed in order to simulate the flooding of coastal areas due to overtopping of coastal defences by extreme or storm wave conditions. It is not expected that the slides are exhaustive in detail, nor present the only approach, but are provided to give basic guidance for all experience levels. Care is advised when following this methodology and all results should be subjected to reasonable checking.
Read the full Executive Summary here - http://s3.amazonaws.com/dhiuk_blog_storage/UGM_2014/Overtopping-with-BW-Guidance-Executive-Summary.pdf
Modelling extreme conditions for wave overtopping at Weymouth - Oliver Way (H...Stephen Flood
2015 DHI UK & Ireland Symposium
Modelling of Extreme Conditions for Wave Overtopping at Weymouth Bay
Oliver Way (Hyder Consulting), Tuesday 21 April 2015 at 16:00 - 16:20
A wave model study of Weymouth Bay was undertaken for Weymouth and Portland Borough Council to investigate flooding in the historical centre of Weymouth which is understood to be caused by tidal and fluvial waters overtopping flood defences, groundwater rising above ground level in response to high tides and heavy rain and wave overtopping along the open coast / Esplanade. The wave modelling results in this study are used to provide input conditions to the overtopping calculations which will in turn be used as inputs to the models of overland flow to provide flood extents. MIKE 21 SW was applied to simulate extreme wave conditions with combined extreme water levels. The model domain extends from Chesil Beach in the west to Lulworth Cove in the east. Extreme water level data were supplied by the Environment Agency for Weymouth from the Coastal flood boundary conditions for UK mainland and islands report (Environment Agency, 2012). Extreme wave values were also obtained from this Environment Agency report at offshore locations on the model boundary. Extreme wave conditions were considered for three directional sectors: south west, south and south east. A joint probability approach was applied for a range of return periods and climate change epochs. Wave data were extracted at nearshore locations along the beach front of Weymouth Bay. These data were used as input conditions for wave overtopping calculations (EurOtop) at site specific points along the beach to determine overtopping discharge rates along the beach front.
Deputy General Manager Frank Belock provides an overview of the Emergency Storage Project. Projects covered include Olivenhain Dam, San Vicente Dam Raise, Lake Hodges Pumped Storage and affiliated projects. Also includes an update on the MWD rate litigation currently taking place. From Water Talks: Building and Securing Water Reliability on January 31, 2012.
Austin Water is engaged in aggressive water conservation and climate programs aimed at reducing water use and addressing the water-energy nexus, while continuing to provide reliable and sustainable water and wastewater service to customers. The programs include: mandatory watering restrictions; installation of renewable energy at plants and facilities; and implementing employee ideas to save energy in operations – all while dealing with the worst drought since the historic drought of the 1950s.
Assessment of Swan and Canning River Tidal and Storm Surge Water Levels - Ala...Stephen Flood
Assessment of Swan and Canning River Tidal and Storm Surge Water Levels - Alan Forster (URS).
Presented at the 2014 MIKE by DHI UK Symposium on 13th to 14th May 2014.
Surplus fresh water from northwest Tasmanian rivers can be diverted to Melbourne as first step in a chain to provide needed water to new mineral prospects in outback South Australia.
Proposal prepared by Geoff Croker in conjunction with Docklands Science Park.
This presentation was given by Professor Alastair Driver, Catchment restoration specialist and ecologist, at the EPA's October 2017 Catchment Science and Management Course. You can find more information about catchment management at www.catchments.ie
Undertaking Modelling of Flooding due to Wave Overtopping using the MIKE by D...Stephen Flood
Undertaking Modelling of Flooding due to Wave Overtopping using the MIKE by DHI Software Suite - Dr Suzie Clarke (DHI)
This presentation outlines the basis for one of the methodologies that can be followed in order to simulate the flooding of coastal areas due to overtopping of coastal defences by extreme or storm wave conditions. It is not expected that the slides are exhaustive in detail, nor present the only approach, but are provided to give basic guidance for all experience levels. Care is advised when following this methodology and all results should be subjected to reasonable checking.
Read the full Executive Summary here - http://s3.amazonaws.com/dhiuk_blog_storage/UGM_2014/Overtopping-with-BW-Guidance-Executive-Summary.pdf
Modelling extreme conditions for wave overtopping at Weymouth - Oliver Way (H...Stephen Flood
2015 DHI UK & Ireland Symposium
Modelling of Extreme Conditions for Wave Overtopping at Weymouth Bay
Oliver Way (Hyder Consulting), Tuesday 21 April 2015 at 16:00 - 16:20
A wave model study of Weymouth Bay was undertaken for Weymouth and Portland Borough Council to investigate flooding in the historical centre of Weymouth which is understood to be caused by tidal and fluvial waters overtopping flood defences, groundwater rising above ground level in response to high tides and heavy rain and wave overtopping along the open coast / Esplanade. The wave modelling results in this study are used to provide input conditions to the overtopping calculations which will in turn be used as inputs to the models of overland flow to provide flood extents. MIKE 21 SW was applied to simulate extreme wave conditions with combined extreme water levels. The model domain extends from Chesil Beach in the west to Lulworth Cove in the east. Extreme water level data were supplied by the Environment Agency for Weymouth from the Coastal flood boundary conditions for UK mainland and islands report (Environment Agency, 2012). Extreme wave values were also obtained from this Environment Agency report at offshore locations on the model boundary. Extreme wave conditions were considered for three directional sectors: south west, south and south east. A joint probability approach was applied for a range of return periods and climate change epochs. Wave data were extracted at nearshore locations along the beach front of Weymouth Bay. These data were used as input conditions for wave overtopping calculations (EurOtop) at site specific points along the beach to determine overtopping discharge rates along the beach front.
Deputy General Manager Frank Belock provides an overview of the Emergency Storage Project. Projects covered include Olivenhain Dam, San Vicente Dam Raise, Lake Hodges Pumped Storage and affiliated projects. Also includes an update on the MWD rate litigation currently taking place. From Water Talks: Building and Securing Water Reliability on January 31, 2012.
Austin Water is engaged in aggressive water conservation and climate programs aimed at reducing water use and addressing the water-energy nexus, while continuing to provide reliable and sustainable water and wastewater service to customers. The programs include: mandatory watering restrictions; installation of renewable energy at plants and facilities; and implementing employee ideas to save energy in operations – all while dealing with the worst drought since the historic drought of the 1950s.
Tidal power or tidal energy is the form of hydro power that converts the energy obtained from tides into useful forms of power, mainly electricity.
Although not yet widely used, tidal energy has the potential for future electricity generation.
Tides are more predictable than the wind and the sun.
Use of MIKE 21/3 in the Hydraulic Analysis for the Dublin Port ABR Project - ...Stephen Flood
2015 DHI UK & Ireland Symposium
KEYNOTE: Use of MIKE 21/3 in the Hydraulic Analysis for the Dublin Port ABR Project
Adrian Bell (RPS),
Tuesday 21 April 2015 at 10:30 - 11:00
This project essentially looked at the stability of a deepened approach channel and examined the impact of the dredging and disposal for the scheme in support of a public planning hearing. The modelling used coupled MIKE 21 FM HD-SW-ST models as well as well as MIKE 21 and MIKE 3 FM HD and MT models.
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of LabourWasim Ak
Normal labor is also termed spontaneous labor, defined as the natural physiological process through which the fetus, placenta, and membranes are expelled from the uterus through the birth canal at term (37 to 42 weeks
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
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Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
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It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
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Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
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Ice midlands region warwick, 2010
1. 11
The Severn Barrage and Other
Options: Hydro-environmental
Impact Assessment Studies
by
Roger A. Falconer FREng
Halcrow Professor of Water Management
Hydro-environmental Research Centre
Cardiff School of Engineering, Cardiff University
3. 33
General Challenges
Growing worldwide increase in energy demand -
particularly in India and China
Tidal energy generation has advantage over wind
and waves - in that tides are predictable
UK target of 15% of energy from renewables by
2020 - about 35% of electrical energy
Wales’ 2025 target for marine renewables energy
is 14 TWh/yr - Barrage would generate over 60%
Severn Estuary basin is ideal for tidal energy
5. 55
Predicted Future CO2 LevelsCO2concentration(ppm)
750
650
550
450
350
250
1990 2010 2030 2050 2070 2090
Year
50% 1990
emissions
Constant 1990
emissions
Business
as usual
Source: IPCC
6. 66
Predicted Mean Temperature Rise
Globaltemperaturerise,degreesC
High emissions
Medium-high emissions
Medium-low emissions
Low emissions
Source - Met Office
7. 77
Predicted Mean Rainfall Changes
For Wales / SW
Present day wet
events with a 5 yr
return period are
predicted to occur
between 1.5 & 8.5
times more often
Source - Met Office
10. 1010
Hurricanes: Link to Climate Change
Source - Jorg Imberger
Hurricanes inject large amounts of CO2 into upper atmosphere
By 2034 predicted there will be 50 more category 4 & 5 storms
17. 1717
Proposed Tidal Devices for Severn
Tidal Stream Turbines - wind type turbines
located in water column and energy created
directly from tidal stream currents
Tidal Lagoons (OTIs) - enclosed embayment
constructed offshore, creating tidal phased head
difference - similar to barrage concept
Tidal Barrage - embankment across estuary -
ideal for renewable energy with high tidal range
and large upstream plan-surface area
18. 1818
Potential Power from Tides
2
µPower A H
H = level difference across barrage / lagoon
A = wetted surface area upstream of barrage
For tidal barrages and impoundments:-
3
µPower V
V = mean free-stream tidal current
For tidal stream turbines:-
22. 2222
Embankment wall
length over 9 km
Plan area ≈ 5km2
=
1000 football fields
Mean spring tidal
range ≈ 8.5 m
Energy output of
124 GWh/yr
Severn Barrage ≈
135 tidal lagoons
Cost ≈ £200 m (?)
Key details:
Shape and Scale - Swansea Lagoon
Plan
Area
≈ 5km2
Swansea
Harbour
Swansea
Bay
Source – Tidal
Electric Ltd
Turbine
Housing
24. 2424
EIA Studies Needed for Lagoons
Model studies needed to predict changes for:-
Tidal currents:- speed, levels, eddies, river plumes
Wave climate:- height, length, refraction, reflection
Suspended sediments:- distribution along channel
Sediment deposition:- in and out of impoundment
Coastal morphology:- changes to beach profiles
Water quality:- turbidity, nutrients, light penetration
Pre-/post-construction:- short & long term impacts
Mitigating measures:- changes to design/operation
28. 2828
Severn Barrage Proposal Site
Some key facts:
2nd highest spring
tidal range ≈ 14 m
Cardiff to Weston
Length about 16 km
Generate ≈ 5% of
U.K. electricity
Total cost ≈ £20 bn
Save > 6.8 million
tonnes carbon paSlide – courtesy
of STPG
29. 2929
Barrage Layout (1989 Report)
Key facts:
216 turbines
each 40 MW
≈ 17 TWh pa
166 sluices
Ship locks
Fish pass?
Public road
& railway
Slide – courtesy
of STPG
34. 3434
Proven Technology - La Rance
La Rance Barrage, France, has reliably
generated tidal power for over 35 years
35. 3535
Barrage Effect on Tides
Estuary Bed
Tide Enters
Severn Estuary
Flow through
turbines
Barrage
36. 3636
Existing Estuarine Environment
Tide Range - 14 m on springs, 7 m on neaps
High tidal currents and large inter-tidal areas
30 Mt sediment suspended on springs, 4 Mt neaps
Little sunlight penetration through water column
Reduced saturation dissolved oxygen levels
Ecology
Harsh estuarine regime with high currents
Limited aquatic life in water column / bed
Bird numbers per km2
are relatively small
37. 3737
Changing Natural Environment
Climate Change
Temperature rise will affect ecology, birds etc
Sea level rise will lead to increased flood risk
Water Quality
Cleaner effluent discharges with EU WFD
Nutrient reduction will affect aquatic life
Legislation
Long term projects (>120 yr) require assessment
against future - not just current - environment
38. 3838
Wigeon - 8,062
Pochard - 880
Ringed Plover - 665
Curlew - 2,545
Whimbrel - 222
Spotted Redshank - 10
Wigeon - 3,977
Pochard - 1,686
Ringed Plover - 227
Curlew - 3,096
Whimbrel - 246
Spotted Redshank - 3
Nationally important bird
populations
Shelduck - 3,272
Dunlin - 23,312
Redshank - 2,566
European Goose - 942
Shelduck - 2,892
Dunlin - 41,683
Redshank - 2,013
European Goose - 3002
Internationally important
populations of migratory
birds
Bewick’s Swan - 276Bewick’s Swan - 289
Internationally important
populations of Annex 1
species
Species numbers
between 2000 – 05
(Red - Less, Blue - More)
Species numbers
between 1988 - 93
Citation category
Source - RSPB
Bird Species in SPA Citation
39. 3939
Main Effects of Barrage
Spring tide range reduced from 14 m to 7 m
Significant loss of upstream inter-tidal habitats
Reduced currents up & downstream of barrage
Reduced turbidity / suspended sediment levels
Increased light penetration through water column -
with increased water clarity
Increased primary productivity and changed bio-
diversity of benthic fauna and flora
Upstream tidal range of 7m is still relatively
large compared to most deltas world-wide
43. 4343
(a)
Velocity Field Around Barrage
2 m/s
water level(m)
-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
Frame 001 12 Apr 2008 Hydrodynamic Results in Nodes
2 m/s
water level(m)
2 2.5 3 3.5 4
Flood
Ebb
44. 4444
Level of water inside
impoundment
Option 1: Generate over ebb tide only
Proposed: One Way Generation
45. 4545
Alternative: Two Way Generation
Level of water inside
impoundment
Option 2: Generate over full tide
Rapid filling and
emptying of basin
required at either
end of tidal cycle
46. 4646
Three Modes of Operation Studied
Waterlevel(m)
Filling Generating
Holding Holding
Filling
Hmin
Hst
(a) Ebb Generation
A
B
C
D
C
D
Time(h)
Ebb only
Time(h)
Waterlevel(m)
Generating
Holding Holding
Hmin
Hst
(b) Flood generation
A
D
B C
D
Releasing Releasing
Flood only
Time(h)
Waterlevel(m)
FillingGenerating
Hmin
Hst
(c) Two-way generation
Generating GeneratingReleasing Filling
HoldingHolding
A
B
C
D
Two-way
Model predictions resulted
in peak power output for:-
Starting Head = 4.0 m
Minimum Head = 2.0 m
47. 4747
Maximum Water Levels - Ebb Only
Without Barrage
Maximum Water Level (m)
Tenby
Cardiff
Minehead
Weston
Ilfracombe
Barry
Swansea
Gloucester
Newport
Bristol
Avonmouth
N
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
5.5
3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 6.5 7 7.5
Frame 001 05 Nov 2009 Maximum Water Level
With Barrage
Reduced
flood risk
50. 5050
Maximum Tidal Currents - Ebb Only
Without Barrage
Maximum Velocit y(m/s)
Tenby
Cardiff
Minehead
Weston
Ilfracombe
Barry
Swansea
Gloucester
Newport
Bristol
Avonmouth
N 0.3 0.7 1 1.3 1.7 2
Frame 001 05 Nov 2009 Maximum Water Level
With Barrage
51. 5151
Maximum Currents - Ebb and Two-Way
Maximum Velocit y(m/s)
Tenby
Cardiff
Minehead
Weston
Ilfracombe
Barry
Swansea
Gloucester
Newport
Bristol
Avonmouth
N 0.3 0.7 1 1.3 1.7 2
e 001 05 Nov 2009 Maximum Water Level
Ebb Only
Two-Way
52. 5252
Water levels and Power Output
I II III II
I=Filling (4.3h)
II=Holding (1.6h+1.0h)
III=Generating (5.5h)
4m
2m
(a)(a)
I II
Releasing (0.8h+1.1h)
II=Holding (2.0h+1.3h)
III=Generating (2.8h+4.4h)
4m
2m
III III (d)
I=Filling and
(c)
Ebb Only
48.8 GWh/24.8h
5.2 m mean tide
High tide 4.6 m
Two-Way
48.4 GWh/24.8h
4.4 m mean tide
High tide 3.2 m
60. 6060
Enterococci T90 Experiments
Samples taken from 5
sites along estuary
Dark and irradiated
microcosms tested
4 times for each site
Cellulose diacetate bandpass filter
Mixing unit
Chiller/heater Matt black
lining
Artificial light source
calibrated to provide
average radiation
conditions during July
and August
61. 6161
Relationship with Turbidity/SS
Empirical relationships developed between turbidity and
suspended solids and T90 values
Real-time T90 included in numerical model - varying with
time, location, predicted SS level and radiation patterns
62. 6262
Sediment Associated Experiments 2
Two beakers incubated at 15˚C one mixed and one
allowed to settle - two sites tested
Mixed beaker
-concentrations
remained constant
Settled beaker –
concentrations fell
as finer particles
settled
65. 6565
2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6
2 m/s
Water level (m)
Flood
ame 001 01 Sep 2008 Hydrodynamic Results in Nodes
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
2 m/s
Water level (m)
Ebb
Frame 001 01 Sep 2008 Hydrodynamic Results in Nodes
Velocity Field Around Lagoon
(a) During Filling Mode (b) During Generating Mode
66. 6666
I – Filling
II – Holding
III – Generating
I II III
Predicted Power Generation
67. 6767
Shoots Barrage
Shoots Barrage
Second Severn
Crossing M4
Severn Bridge
Key facts
30 x 7.6m diam
35 MW turbines
≈ 2.75 TWh/yr
Construction
period ~ 4 yr
Less plan area
Slightly higher
tidal ranges
Cost ≈ £2.6 bn
68. 6868
Other Issues to Consider
Barrage would bring jobs:
30,000+ jobs at construction peak, distributed over
UK - about half in Cardiff - Bristol region
10,000+ permanent jobs in Severnside
Regional economic impact:
Availability of skilled labour and materials?
Local infrastructure needs - housing, schools etc
Concerns about supply chain, deep ports etc
Opportunities for expansion of Port Talbot etc
Considerable tourism and recreational potential
Road / rail links between Wales, London and EU
69. 6969
Summarising
Severn Barrage would have a lasting impact on a
unique UK macro-tidal estuary:
Provide 5% of UK’s electricity from renewables
Reduce intertidal habitats by about 14,000 ha
Reduce flood peaks - upstream and downstream
Reduce tidal currents and suspended sediments -
increasing light penetration and water clarity
Change ecology and benthic flora and fauna
Enhance opportunities for tourism and recreation
Two-way generation - enables optimal energy
provision for minimal environmental change
Fish migration would remain a major challenge
75. 7575
The ChallengeThe Challenge
For engineers and scientists to deliverFor engineers and scientists to deliver
UK’s marine renewable energy targetsUK’s marine renewable energy targets
The OpportunityThe Opportunity
For UK to deliver renewable energyFor UK to deliver renewable energy
with minimal environmental impactwith minimal environmental impact