This document discusses various fire resistant materials used in construction including bricks, timber, concrete, mineral wool, gypsum board, asbestos sheets, perlite boards, and calcium silicate boards. Bricks and concrete have good fire resistance due to their non-combustible nature and ability to withstand high temperatures. Mineral wool, gypsum board, and calcium silicate boards are also fire resistant and used for thermal insulation and fireproofing. Asbestos sheets and perlite boards provide fire resistance but have health and safety concerns. The fire resistance of materials depends on their composition and ability to conduct heat.

1. FIRE RESISTANT MATERIALS
SUBMITTED BY:-
RIDDHESH RAJENDRA VARIK
15SA31 T.Y.B.ARCH
ST.WILFRED’S INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTURE

2. INDEX
SR.NO TITLE PG.NO
1 BRICKS
2 TIMBER
3 CONCRETE
4 MINERAL WOOL
5 GYPSUM BOARD
6 ASBESTOS SHEETS
7 PERLITE BOARDS
8 CALCIUM SILICATE BOARDS

3. BRICKS
IT IS FOUND THAT BRICKS ARE NOT
SERIOUSLY AFFECTED UNTIL VERY HIGH
TEMPERATURE OF 12000C TO 13000 C ARE
REACHED.
THIS IS DUE TO THE FACT THAT A BRICK
IS A POOR CONDUCTOR OF HEAT ,IF THE
TYPE OF MORTAR AND QUALITY OF
WORKMANSHIP ARE GOOD, BRICK
MASONRY GENERALLY OFFERS GOOD
RESISTANCE TO FIRE.
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4. TIMBER
AS A GENERAL RULE, STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS
MADE OF TIMBER IGNITE AND GET RAPIDLY
DESTROYED IN CASE OF FIRE.
 FURTHER, THEY ADD TO THE INTENSITY OF
FIRE.
BUT TIMBER USED IN HEAVY SECTIONS MAY
ATTAIN A HIGH DEGREE OF FIRE-RESISTANCE
BECAUSE TIMBER IS A VERY BAD CONDUCTOR
OF HEAT
IN ORDER TO MAKE TIMBER MORE FIRE
RESISTANT, THE SURFACES OF TIMBER ARE
SOMETIMES COATED WITH CERTAIN
CHEMICALS SUCH AS AMMONIUM PHOSPHATE
AND SULPHATE, BORAX AND BORIC ACID, ZINC
CHLORIDE, ETC.
SUCH A TREATMENT ON TIMBER SURFACES
RETARDS THE RISE OF TEMPERATURE DURING
FIRE.
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5. CONCRETE
CONCRETE HAS GOT VERY GOOD FIRE RESISTANCE.
 THE ACTUAL BEHAVIOUR OF CONCRETE IN CASE OF
FIRE DEPENDS UPON THE QUALITY OF CEMENT AND
AGGREGATES USED.
 IN CASE OF REINFORCED CONCRETE AND
PRESTRESSED CONCRETE, IT ALSO DEPENDS UPON
THE POSITION OF STEEL.
 LARGER THE CONCRETE COVER, BETTER IS THE FIRE
RESISTANCE OF THE MEMBER.
THERE IS NO LOSS IN STRENGTH IN CONCRETE WHEN
IT IS HEATED UP TO 250°C. THE REDUCTION IN
STRENGTH STARTS IF THE TEMPERATURE GOES
BEYOND 250°C.
NORMALLY REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES
CAN RESIST FIRE FOR ABOUT ONE HOUR AT A
TEMPERATURE OF 1000°C.
 HENCE CEMENT CONCRETE IS IDEALLY USED FIRE
RESISTANT MATERIAL
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6. MINERAL WOOL
MINERAL WOOL IS A GENERAL NAME FOR FIBRE MATERIALS THAT ARE FORMED BY SPINNING OR
DRAWING MOLTEN MINERALS (OR "SYNTHETIC MINERALS" SUCH AS SLAG AND CERAMICS).[1]
APPLICATIONS OF MINERAL WOOL INCLUDE THERMAL INSULATION (AS BOTH STRUCTURAL INSULATION
AND PIPE INSULATION, THOUGH IT IS NOT AS FIRE-RESISTANT AS HIGH-TEMPERATURE INSULATION
WOOL), FILTRATION, SOUNDPROOFING, AND HYDROPONIC GROWTH MEDIUM.
HEAT RESISTANCE OF MINERAL WOOL
MATERIAL TEMPERATURE
GLASS WOOL 230 – 260 °C
STONE WOOL 700 – 850 °C
CERAMIC FIBER
WOOL
1200 °C
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7. GYPSUM BOARD
GYPSUM BOARD IS THE PREMIER BUILDING MATERIAL FOR WALL,
CEILING, AND PARTITION SYSTEMS IN RESIDENTIAL, INSTITUTIONAL,
AND COMMERCIAL STRUCTURES AND IS DESIGNED TO PROVIDE A
MONOLITHIC SURFACE WHEN JOINTS AND FASTENER HEADS ARE
COVERED WITH A JOINT TREATMENT SYSTEM.
ONE PRINCIPAL ADVANTAGE OF GYPSUM BOARD OVER PLYWOOD,
HARDBOARD, AND FIBREBOARD IS ITS STRONG FIRE RESISTANCE.
GYPSUM PRODUCTS ALSO PROVIDE SOUND CONTROL, ECONOMY,
VERSATILITY, QUALITY, AND CONVENIENCE.
GYPSUM BOARD – DEFINED IN ASTM C 11, STANDARD TERMINOLOGY
RELATING TO GYPSUM AND RELATED BUILDING MATERIALS AND
SYSTEMS, AS “THE GENERIC NAME FOR A FAMILY OF SHEET PRODUCTS
CONSISTING OF A NON-COMBUSTIBLE CORE PRIMARILY OF GYPSUM
WITH PAPER SURFACING.” GYPSUM BOARD MAY BE FURTHER
DESCRIBED AS FOLLOWS:
REGULAR GYPSUM BOARD – A GYPSUM BOARD WITH NATURALLY
OCCURRING FIRE RESISTANCE FROM THE GYPSUM IN THE CORE; OR
TYPE X GYPSUM BOARD – A GYPSUM BOARD WITH SPECIAL CORE
ADDITIVES TO INCREASE THE NATURAL FIRE RESISTANCE OF REGULAR
GYPSUM BOARD.
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8. ASBESTOS CEMENT SHEET
IT IS A BUILDING MATERIAL IN
WHICH ASBESTOS FIBRES ARE
USED TO REINFORCE THIN RIGID
CEMENT SHEETS.
ADVERTISED AS A FIREPROOF
ALTERNATIVE TO OTHER ROOFING
MATERIALS SUCH AS ASPHALT,
ASBESTOS-CEMENT ROOFS WERE
POPULAR NOT ONLY FOR SAFETY
BUT ALSO FOR AFFORDABILITY.
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9. PERLITE BOARDS
PERLITE IS AN AMORPHOUS VOLCANIC GLASS
THAT HAS A RELATIVELY HIGH WATER CONTENT,
TYPICALLY FORMED BY THE HYDRATION OF
OBSIDIAN. IT OCCURS NATURALLY AND HAS THE
UNUSUAL PROPERTY OF GREATLY EXPANDING
WHEN HEATED SUFFICIENTLY.
PERLITE SOFTENS WHEN IT REACHES
TEMPERATURES OF 850–900 °C (1,560–
1,650 °F).
IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND
MANUFACTURING FIELDS, IT IS USED IN
LIGHTWEIGHT PLASTERS, CONCRETE AND
MORTAR (MASONRY), INSULATION AND CEILING
TILES.[
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10. CALCIUM SILICATE
CALCIUM SILICATE IS COMMONLY USED AS A SAFE
ALTERNATIVE TO ASBESTOS FOR HIGH-TEMPERATURE
INSULATION MATERIALS
IT IS USED IN PASSIVE FIRE PROTECTION AND
FIREPROOFING AS CALCIUM SILICATE BRICK OR IN ROOF
TILES.
WHILE THE BEST POSSIBLE REACTION TO FIRE
CLASSIFICATIONS ARE A1 (CONSTRUCTION APPLICATIONS)
AND A1FL (FLOORING APPLICATIONS) RESPECTIVELY, BOTH
OF WHICH MEAN "NON-COMBUSTIBLE" ACCORDING TO EN
13501-1: 2007, AS CLASSIFIED BY A NOTIFIED LABORATORY
IN EUROPE, SOME CALCIUM-SILICATE BOARDS ONLY COME
WITH FIRE CLASSIFICATION OF A2 (LIMITED
COMBUSTIBILITY) OR EVEN LOWER CLASSIFICATIONS (OR
NO CLASSIFICATION), IF THEY ARE TESTED AT ALL.
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