The amount of energy extracted from renewable resources, and specially from wind, is considered today as a competitive and necessary alternative to fossil resources. The use of wind energy has grown during the last few years, this has led to an increase of research and development of larger and effective wind turbines in order to offer renewable energy to the customers. The aim of this work is to interpret wind turbines control techniques, and develop a conversion system connected to a water pump. Adel KHINECH.

1. Water Pumping Based on
Wind Turbine Generation System
People's Democratic Republic of Algeria Ministry of
Higher Education and Scientific Research
University Mohamed Khider Biskra
Faculty of Science and Technology Department of
Electrical Engineering
Field: Electrical Engineering
Option: Electrical Control
A thesis submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for
the degree of:
MASTER
Directed by: ABDEDDAIM Sabrina Presented by: KHINECH Adel
Scholar year: 2017/2018

2. Presentation Plan
01

3. 02
1. Introduction.
2. Wind turbine operation.
3. Wind turbine types.
4. Wind turbine conversion system.
5. Wind turbine control strategies.
6. Simulation results and future scope.

4. Introduction
03

5. 04
The amount of energy extracted from renewable resources,
and specially from wind, is considered today as a competitive
and necessary alternative to fossil resources. The use of wind
energy has grown during the last few years, this has led to an
increase of research and development of larger and effective
wind turbines in order to offer renewable energy to the
customers.
• The aim of this work is to interpret wind turbines control
techniques, and develop a conversion system connected to a
water pump.

6. Wind turbine operation
05

7. 06
Wind turbine is a device that is capable of converting a great amount of kinetic
energy into electricity. When wind blows a mechanical energy developed in the
turbine rotor, amplified by the gearbox , and transmitted to the generator to
produce electrical power.
Fig 1: Wind turbine operation scheme.

8. Wind turbine types
07

9. 08
Fig 3: Vertical axis wind turbine.Fig 2: Horizontal axis wind turbine.

10. Wind turbine conversion system
09

11. 10
𝑷 𝒘 =
𝟏
𝟐
𝝆𝑨𝒗 𝟑 (𝑾)
𝑷 𝒂 = 𝑷 𝒘. 𝑪 𝒑 (𝑾)
𝑪 𝒑= 𝒇(𝝀, 𝜷)
Wind power :
The Aerodynamic power :
The power coefficient:
The mechanical torque:
𝑻 𝒂 =
𝑷 𝒂
𝜴 𝒕
(𝑵𝒎)
Fig 4: Entering and leaving wind speeds.
The entering wind speed through turbine blades is higher than leaving speed,
Where the aerodynamic power is related to wind power and a power coefficient Cp
which is a function of tip speed ratio and blade pitch angle.

12. 11
Ta
Fig 5: Wind turbine model scheme (𝜷 = 0).
Turbine model

13. 12
The permanent magnet synchronous generator is used to produce electrical power due to
its high power factor and efficiency. The electrical equations in a fixed reference linked to
the stator are described by:
Generator modeling
𝑽𝒂
𝑽𝒃
𝑽𝒄
= 𝑅𝑠
𝑖𝑎
𝑖𝑏
𝑖𝑐
+
𝑑
𝑑𝑡
φ𝑎
φ𝑏
φ𝑐
𝑽 𝒅𝒔= − 𝑹 𝑺 𝒊 𝒅𝒔 − 𝒘 𝒈𝒓 𝝋 𝒒𝒔 + 𝒑𝝋 𝒅𝒔
𝑽 𝒒𝒔= − 𝑹 𝑺 𝒊 𝒒𝒔 − 𝒘 𝒈𝒓 𝝋 𝒅𝒔 + 𝒑𝝋 𝒒𝒔
To simplify the analysis, The synchronous generator is modeled
in dq-axis reference frame that gives:
𝑽 𝒅𝒔 = − 𝑹 𝑺 𝒊 𝒅𝒔 + 𝒘 𝒈𝒓 𝑳 𝒒 𝒊 𝒒𝒔 − 𝑳 𝒅 𝒑𝒊 𝒅𝒔
𝑽 𝒒𝒔= − 𝑹 𝑺 𝒊 𝒒𝒔 − 𝒘 𝒈𝒓 𝑳 𝒅 𝒊 𝒅𝒔 + 𝒘 𝒈𝒓 𝝋 𝒓 − 𝑳 𝒒 𝒑𝒊 𝒒𝒔

14. 13
Water pump modeling
The motor–pump system includes the motor, the coupling and the pump.
The centrifugal pump is used to pump water where its parameters are
listed in equations below: Head, Hydraulic power, and resistive torque.
𝑯 = 𝑪 𝟏 𝝎 𝟐 + 𝑪 𝟐 𝝎𝑸 + 𝑪 𝟑 𝑸² (m)
𝑷 𝑯 = 𝝆′. 𝒈. 𝑸. 𝑯 (kW)
𝑻 𝒓 = 𝑲 𝑳𝒐𝒂𝒅. Ω 𝟐 (Nm)
Motor Coupling Pump

15. Wind turbines Control strategies
14

16. 15
In order to ensure an optimum operation of the wind generation
system, it is essential to extract the maximum power that the wind
can offer, and deliver it among the conversion chain.
The control strategies consist of:
 Speed control using a maximum power point tracker (MPPT).
 Hysteresis band pulse width modulated current controller (PWM).
 Filed oriented control of a PMS Motor based on space vector
modulation (SV-PWM).

17. 16
Fig 6: Control structure.

18. MPPT System
17

19. 18
Fig 7: Speed controller using MPPT.
To obtain the maximum available power from wind at different wind speeds, the
turbine speed must be connected to the MPPT system which is based on PI
controller.

20. Hysteresis band PWM
19

21. 20
Fig 8: Hysteresis current controller diagram.
Hysteresis modulation is a current control method where the phase current tracks a
reference waveform within a band, where The required magnitude and frequency
are generated at the output of the rectifier.

22. Space vector PWM
21

23. 22
𝑽 𝜶𝜷 =
𝑽 𝜶
𝑽 𝜷
=
𝟑
𝟐
𝟏 −𝟏/𝟐 −𝟏/𝟐
𝟎 𝟑/𝟐 − 𝟑/𝟐
𝑽 𝒂
𝑽 𝒃
𝑽 𝒄
• Concordia transform:
Fig 10: Hexagon diagram.Fig 9: Applying vectors sequence.
Space vector modulation is an algorithm used to control the three phase inverter,
using Concordia transform, and applying the vectors sequence according to the
sector where the vector 𝑽 𝜶𝜷 is situated in the hexagon diagram.

24. Filed Oriented Control
23

25. 24
Fig 11: Filed oriented control diagram.
𝑻 𝒆 =
𝟑
𝟐
𝒑. (𝒊 𝒒𝒔 𝝋 𝒔𝒇 + 𝑳 𝒅 − 𝑳 𝒒 𝒊 𝒅𝒔 𝒊 𝒒𝒔)• Synchronous machine electromagnetic torque:
𝑻 𝒆 =
𝟑
𝟐
𝒑. (𝒊 𝒒𝒔 𝝋 𝒔𝒇)
• Setting
The aim of this control is to achieve a model equivalent to the DC machine and perform a
realtime torque control. Both reference currents are compared separately with the real time
motor currents where they controlled by PI regulators
𝒊 𝒅𝒔 = 𝟎

26. 25
Fig 12: Compensation diagram.
• Compensation process:
𝑽 𝒅 = 𝑹 𝒔 + 𝒑. 𝑳 𝒅 . 𝒊 𝒅 − 𝝎. 𝑳 𝒒 𝒊 𝒒 𝑽 𝒒 = 𝑹 𝒔 + 𝒑. 𝑳 𝒒 . 𝒊 𝒒 + 𝝎. 𝑳 𝒅 𝒊 𝒅 + 𝝎. 𝝋 𝒔𝒇

27. Simulation results
26

28. 27
Fig 13: Wind speed profile (m/s)
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
5.5
6
6.5
7
7.5
8
Time (s)
WindSpeed(m/s)
Wind speed
4
5
7 m/s

29. 28
Fig 14: Power coefficient Cp.
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
X: 0.7396
Y: 0.5475
Time (s)
PowercoefficientCp
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
X: 0.63
Y: 6.502
Time (s)
Tipspeedratio(Lamda)
Fig 15: Tip speed ratio λ.
6.502
0.547

30. 29Fig 16: Measured and optimal Turbine speed (rad/s).
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
X: 0.923
Y: 104
Time(s)
Turbinespeedandoptimalturbinespeed(rad/s)
X: 0.3294
Y: 74.31
X: 0.1205
Y: 59.45
Turbine Speed
Optimal Speed
0.1999 0.2 0.2001 0.2002 0.2003 0.2004
73.95
74
74.05
74.1
74.15
74.2
74.25
74.3
74.35
74.4
Time(s)
X: 0.2003
Y: 74.31
Turbinespeedandoptimalturbinespeed(rad/s)
Turbine Speed
Optimal Speed
Zoom
0.3999 0.4 0.4001 0.4002 0.4003 0.4004 0.4005
103.5
103.6
103.7
103.8
103.9
104
104.1
104.2
Time(s)
X: 0.4004
Y: 104
Turbinespeedandoptimalturbinespeed(rad/s)
Turbine Speed
Optimal Speed
Zoom
104 rad/s
74.31
59.45

31. 30
Fig 17: The maximum power extracted from wind (Watt).
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
X: 59.45
Y: 728.2
Mechanical (Generator) speed (rad/s)
Aerodynamicpower(watt)
X: 74.31
Y: 1422
X: 104
Y: 3903
3903 W

32. 31
Fig 18: Generator output
voltages 𝑽 𝒂, 𝑽 𝒃, 𝑽 𝒄:
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
-300
-200
-100
0
100
200
300
Time(s)
Generatoroutputvoltages(v)
Vc
Vb
Va
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
Time (s)
Generatoroutputcurrents(A)
ic
ib
iaFig 19: Generator output
currents 𝒊 𝒂, 𝒊 𝒃, 𝒊 𝒄:

33. 32
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
0
50
100
150
200
250
Time (s)
RectifieroutputvoltageVdc(V)
Fig 20: The rectifier output voltage (V).
240 v

34. 33
Fig 21: Motor speed and turbine speed as a reference (rad/sec).
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
-20
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
X: 0.8823
Y: 104
Time (s)
TurbinespeedandMotorspeed(rad/s)
X: 0.3634
Y: 74.31
X: 0.1763
Y: 59.45
Motor speed
Turbine speed
104 rad/s

35. 34
Fig 22: Reference stator current
𝒊 𝒒𝒔_𝒓𝒆𝒇 and measured stator
current 𝒊 𝒒𝒔.
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
25
X: 0.9585
Y: 15.09
Time (s)
Statorcurrentiqsandreferencestatorcurrentiqs-ref(A)
X: 0.3909
Y: 7.229
X: 0.1903
Y: 4.591
iqs-ref
iqs
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
10
Time (s)
Referencestatorcurrentids-refandstatorcurrentids(V)
ids-ref
ids
Fig 23: Reference stator current
𝒊 𝒅𝒔_𝒓𝒆𝒇 and measured stator
current 𝒊 𝒅𝒔.
15 A
• Quadrature currents:

36. 35Fig 24: Motor torque and water resistive torque (Nm).
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
-5
0
5
10
15
20
X: 0.9238
Y: 10.18
X: 0.3313
Y: 5.222
X: 0.1615
Y: 3.111
Motor torque
Resistive torque
10.18 N.m

37. 36
Fig 25: Water pump hydraulic power (kW).
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
X: 0.9702
Y: 3.677
Time (s)
Power(kw)
X: 0.3935
Y: 1.34
X: 0.1893
Y: 0.6861
3.67 kW

38. 37
Fig 26: Water pump head (m).
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
X: 0.9658
Y: 89.95
Time (s)
Head(m)
X: 0.3927
Y: 45.88
X: 0.1981
Y: 29.36
89.95 m

39. 38
Fig 27: Water pump flow rate (m3/h).
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
-2
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
X: 0.9778
Y: 15
Time (s)
FlowrateQ(m3/h)
X: 0.3955
Y: 10.72
X: 0.1932
Y: 8.574
15 m3/h

40. Conclusion
39

41. 40
This work provided a wind energy conversion system control strategies
in order to extract the maximum power from wind, a permanent magnet
synchronous generator used to generate that power and deliver it to a
pumping system through the rectifier and the inverter.
The complexity of the variable speed system leads to, a reduced
reliability and power. But, as a result of using more advanced and robust
control techniques, a power quality is achieved.

42. Future scope
41

43. 42
The conversion system can be optimized by:
 Performing an advanced MPPT algorithms, using pitch angle and
YAW techniques.
 Using vector control strategy to control the rectifier.
 Integrating Boost chopper and DC link voltage regulator.
 Moreover, a detailed study to a conversion system connected to the
grid, and batteries for the stand alone turbine mode.

44. Thank You