Learned about how to make a project of water level indicator by using Transistor-BC547.

1. Project Report
Course Code: EEE-317
Course Title: Control Systems
Name of the Peoject: Water Level Indicator.
SUBMITTED TO:
Md. Zakir Hasan
Lecturer
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Daffodil International University
SUBMITTED BY:
MD. Sabbir Ahmed
201-33-1267
MD. Sazzadul Alam Shad
201-33-1292
MD. Moniruzzaman Limon
201-33-1299
Shahidul Islam Rony
201-33-1270
Anik Das Gupta
ID: 201-33-1239
Md Nazmul Hasan
Id:201-33-1262
Partho protim Paul
201-33-1056
MD Soumik Hyider Siam
201-33-1073
Syed Ashikur Rahman
ID: 201-33-1176
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Daffodil International University
Date of Submission: 27.02.2022

2. INDEX
1. Introduction
2. Aim of the Project
3. Apparatus
4. Block Diagram
5. Procedure
6. Water Level Indicator Project Features
7. CONCLUSION

3. INTRODUCTION
The facility requirements in many industries, farms, hostels, hotels,
offices include an overhead tank for water, which is usually fed
through an electric pump that is switched off when the tank is filled
up and switched on when it is empty. So, the most common way of
knowing when the tank is filled is by observing when it overflows the
brim. Depending on the type of liquid being handled, overfilling of such
a tank could lead to a great liquid material losses ranging in the order
of thousands of naira per week depending on the extent of such
application. These losses can be prevented if the tank is monitored
automatically by incorporating a feedback.
Water level indicator using transistor & buzzer is an amazing and very
useful project. The objective of this project is to notify the user the
amount of water that is present in the overhead water tank. This
project can be further enhanced to control the water level in the tank
by turning it on, when the water level is low, and turning it off when
the water level is high.
AIM OF THE PROJECT
The objective of this project is to notify the user the amount of water
that is present in the overhead water tank or industrial water tank and
don’t waste water.

4. APPARATUS
1. Transistor-BC547 (4 pieces)
2. Resistor-220Ω (6 pieces)
3. Color LED (3 pieces)
4. Buzzer (1 piece)
5. 9 v non-rechargeable battery (1 piece)
6. Wires
Transistor-BC547
BC547 is a NPN transistor hence the collector and emitter will be left open
(Reverse biased) when the base pin is held at ground and will be closed (Forward
biased) when a signal is provided to base pin.
BC547 Transistor Pinout Configuration:
Pin Number Pin Name Description
1 Collector Current flows in through collector
2 Base Controls the biasing of transistor
3 Emitter Current Drains out through emitter
BC547 Transistor Features
 Bi-Polar NPN Transistor
 DC Current Gain (hFE) is 800 maximum
 Continuous Collector current (IC) is 100mA
 Emitter Base Voltage (VBE) is 6V
 Base Current(IB) is 5mA maximum
 Available in To-92 Package
Resistor-220Ω
A resistor is a passive two-terminal electrical component
that implements electrical resistance as a circuit element.
In electronic circuits, resistors are used to reduce current
flow, adjust signal levels, to divide voltages, bias active
elements, and terminate transmission lines, among other
uses.

5. Color LED
A light-emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor
light source that emits light when current flows
through it. Electrons in the semiconductor
recombine with electron holes, releasing energy in
the form of photons. The color of the light
(corresponding to the energy of the photons) is
determined by the energy required for electrons to
cross the band gap of the semiconductor. White
light is obtained by using multiple semiconductors
or a layer of light-emitting phosphor on the
semiconductor device.
Combining red, green, and blue LEDs in a
single LED device, such as a lighting fixture or multi-chip LED, and controlling
their relative intensities can produce millions of colors. Additionally combining
red, green, and blue in equal amounts produces white light.
Buzzer
A buzzer or beeper is an audio signaling device, which may be
mechanical, electromechanical, or piezoelectric (piezo for
short). Typical uses of buzzers and beepers include alarm
devices, timers, train and confirmation of user input such as a
mouse click or keystroke.

6. BLOCK/ CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

7. PROCEDURE
1. Insert BC547 transistor on the breadboard. The left one is collector, the
middle one is base and the last one is the emitter.
2. Insert the other two transistors as well on the breadboard
3. Connect 220 ohms resistors to al the collector terminals of the transistor of
the breadboard.
4. Now insert the green Led with its anode to the emitter of first transistor and
cathode to the negative rail of the breadboard and do the same for white and
red LEDs.
5. Now connect the buzzer on the breadboard. Connect the negative wire of
the buzzer to the negative rail of the breadboard and positive wire to the
emitter of the third transistor.
6. Connect one wire each to the base of the transistors. Dip the other end of
the wire in the container with water, it is important to dip the wires in the water
level-wise and not keep the bare ends of the wire on the same level.
7. Connect the power to the circuit and start adding water to the bowl and see
the LED's light up sequentially and the buzzer buzzing at the end.
Water Level Indicator Project Features
 Easy installation.
 Low maintenance.
 Compact elegant design.
 The Automatic water level controller ensures no overflows or dry running of
pump there by saves electricity and water.
 Avoid seepage of roofs and walls due to overflowing tanks.
 Fully automatic, saves man power.
 Consume very little energy, ideal for continuous operation.
 Automatic water level controller provides you the flexibility to decide for
yourself the water levels for operations of pump set.
 Shows clear indication of water levels in the overhead tank.
CONCLUSION
The water level indicator is the best electronic starter device indicating the water
level and saves water correspondingly. The led blinks according to their level of
water reaches to them and indicates the buzzing sound to stop pouring when it
reaches its final limit. What are you waiting for let’s save water in a playful and
knowledgeable way.