This document describes a wind-powered automatic irrigation system that uses a wind dynamo to generate electricity from wind energy. This electricity powers a pump that pumps water from a bore well to a storage tank. A soil moisture sensor then senses the moisture level in the soil and controls a motor that regulates the flow of water from the tank to the irrigation field, optimizing water usage. The system provides a sustainable alternative energy source for irrigation after an initial investment and requires minimal ongoing maintenance or manual operation.

2. Introduction
The supply of electricity is not reached up to every villages.
wind energy is the most abundant source of energy in the world.
wind based irrigation system: a suitable alternative for farmers in
the present state of energy crisis in India (also it is an eco-
friendly – green way for energy production)
Provides free energy after an initial investment is made.
An automatic irrigation system using wind power, controller and
moisture sensor is used to pump water from bore well to a tank,
to control the flow rate of water from the tank to the irrigation
field. Thus optimizes the use of water.

3. System Component
wind dynamo

4. How the system works?
This system mainly consists of two modules-
 wind pumping module.
 Automatic irrigation module.
I. wind pumping module:
wind Panel:
dynamo based on wind rotation will generate elctricity
This involves creating an electrical imbalance within the
cell, which acts a bit like a slope down which the electrons
will flow in the same direction.

6. II. Irrigation module:
A moisture sensor is used to sense the level
of moisture content present in the soil. It
has a level detection module in which we
can set a reference value. With the help of
moisture sensor signaling a controller, a
Control pulse is given to the driver circuit that excites the
motor.
So the pump starts working and moves water to the irrigation
field as per the soil moisture content.
When the soil moisture content reaches the required value, the
motor is stopped and power to driver circuit is stopped and
controller is put into sleep mode for low power consumption.

7. SOIL MOISTURE SENSOR
Fig 1: Soil Moisture Sensor (Ref)

8. INTRODUCTION
Soil Moisture Sensor as the name suggest ,can detect amount of moisture in
soil (roots of a plant).
It is Low-Tech sensor.
This sensor is compatible with Arduino UNO,Arduino mega2560, Arduino
ADK etc.

9. WORKING PRINCIPLE
• Strictly Speaking moisture sensor does not measures moisture but
measures
conductivity or resistivity of soil.
• Moisture Sensor has two probes to pass current through the soil. It then
reads
resistance(conductance) in the soil.
• Less moisture (water) in soil results in higher resistance i.e. dry soil.
• More moisture (water) in soil results in lesser resistance and sensor thus
relates moisture content.

10. FEATURES
This sensor has low power consumption, and high sensitivity. (Sensitivity should not
be confused with accuracy)
Operates on low Voltage of 5v.
Operates on low current <20mA.
Weighs only 3 gram.

11. DISADVANTAGES
Depth of detection is only 37mm.
Working temperature is only 10˚-30˚
Celsius.
Less accuracy.

12. PIN DEFINITIONS
Fig 2.1: Soil Moisture Sensor Pins (Ref)
 Pin with “S” written on it means signal.
 Pin with “-” written on it means GND (ground)
.
 Pin with “+” written on it means 5v supply.

13. YL69(PROBES) CONNECTED TO YL38
(INTERFACE)
This is what I will be using while
Showing Demo.
Fig 2.2: Soil Moisture Sensor unit
(Ref) Yl38 (Interface) and Yl69
(Probes)
Cost = 130 INR

14. YL-69 MOISTURE SENSOR (PROBES)
• This is an Electrical resistance Sensor. The sensor is made up of two electrodes. This soil moisture
sensor reads the moisture content around it. A current is passed across the electrodes through the
soil and the resistance to the current in the soil determines the soil moisture. If the soil has more
water resistance will be low and thus more current will pass through. On the other hand when the
soil moisture is low the sensor module outputs a high level of resistance.
• This sensor has both digital and analogue outputs. Digital output is simple to use but is not as
accurate
as the analogue output.

15. YL-69 MOISTURE SENSOR(PROBES)
Fig 2.2.1: YL-69 (Probes)

16. YL - 38 INTERFACE FOR YL-69 PROBES
• The sensor comes with a small PCB board fitted with LM393 comparator chip and a potentiometer
.
• Output signal Pins (Both Analog and Digital).
• Input Power pins for the sensor is also present on this PCB.
Fig 2.2.2: YL-38 (Interface)

17. CONNECTING DIAGRAM
Fig 3.1: Soil Moisture Sensor connected to Arduino (Ref)

18. PICTOGRAPHIC REPRESENTATION
Fig 3.2: Soil Moisture Sensor connected to Arduino (Ref)

19. HARDWARE REQUIRED
 Arduino UNO(Fig 4)
 Soil Moisture Sensor(Fig 5)
 3 Pin Dual Female Jumper wire(Fig 6)
 Sensor shield (Optional, not
required)
Fig 4:Arduino UNO (Ref)
Fig 6:Female Jumper Wire(Ref)
Fig 5:Soil Moisture Sensor (Ref)

20. SIMPLE BASIC
SKETCH-1
• void setup() {
• // put your setup code here, to run once:
• // initialize serial communication at 9600 bits per second:
• Serial.begin(9600);
• }
• void loop() {
• // put your main code here, to run repeatedly:
• // read the input on analog pin 0:
• int sensorValue = analogRead(A0);
Serial.println(sensorValue);
• delay(100);
• }

21. SIMPLE BASIC SKETCH-2
void setup() {
Serial.begin(9600);
}
void loop(){ if(analogRead(A0)<300){
Serial.println("I feel so comfortable");
}
if(analogRead(A0)>300 && analogRead(5)<700){
Serial.println("I am thirsty ,please give me
water");
}
if(analogRead(A0)>700){
Serial.println("Too much water,I might get hurt");
}
delay(200);
}

22. Advantages:
 It helps in saving Energy.
 There is no fuel cost - as it uses available free sun light.
 No electricity required.
 Can be operated lifelong.
 It works everywhere.
 It is also useful for clean, drinking water sanitation and
also irrigation.
 The dependence on rain is reduced.
 It creates wealth for farmers by increasing no of crops.

23. Disadvantages:
 High initial cost.
 Non-working at night.
 Wind energy Inefficiency. (A wind panel
can convert < 22% of the energy it gets
from the wind into electrical energy).
 Bulky blades are required for the large
power production.

24. Conclusion
-Easy to implement system and environment friendly
solution for irrigating fields.
-Found successful for bore holes as they can pump over the
whole day.
-Minimal maintenance, manual interaction and attention as
they are self-starting.
-In long run this system is economical.