This document describes a water level control circuit designed by a group of students. It discusses both manual and automatic methods for controlling water level in a tank. The automatic method uses a float sensor to detect the water level and feeds this information to a controller, which then compares it to the desired level and controls an output valve accordingly. This provides more accurate and reliable control than the manual method, which relies on human observation. The document also provides details of the circuit components used, including resistors, IC timer chips, LEDs, and a diagram of pin connections for the IC. It discusses applications and advantages of a water level indicator circuit.

1. WATER LEVEL CONTROL

2. Presented by:
Shehneela tanveer
2779/FBAS/BSSE/F15/B
Fariha habib
2790/FBAS/BSSE/F15/B
Hira ahmed
2787/FBAS/BSSE/F15/B
Isma tariq Hashmi
2806/FBAS/BSSE/F15/B
Tahira bashir
2799/FBAS/BSSE/F15/B
Misbah kareem
2793/FBAS/BSSE/F15/B
Presented to:
Engr Ayesha Zeib

3. WATER LEVEL CONTROL
THIS CIRCUIT IS
DESIGNED TO
DETERMINE THE WATER
LEVEL ESPECIALLY IN A
WATER TANK.

4. WATER LEVEL CONTROLER
• WATER LEVEL CONTROLLER IS USED TO CONTROL THE
WATER LEVEL IN A TANK.
• IN MANY INDUSTRIES LIKE CHEMICAL, THERE IS A
RESTRICTION ON LIQUID LEVEL OF A CONTAINER IN SUCH
CASES LEVEL CONTROLLER CAN MAINTAIN LEVEL OF THE
LIQUID AT DESIRED VALUE.

5. WATER LEVEL CONTROL.
• THERE ARE TWO METHODS TO CONTROL THE WATER
LEVEL.
i. MANUAL.
ii. AUTOMATIC.

6. i. MANUAL METHOD.

7. WORKING OF MANUAL METHOD.
• THE PURPOSE OF THIS SYSTEM IS TO MAINTAIN THE
LIQUID LEVEL (H) IN THE TANK AS CLOSE TO THE DESIRED
LIQUID LEVEL H AS POSSIBLE, EVEN WHEN THE OUTPUT
FLOW RATE IS VARIED BY OPENING THE VALVE.
• IN MANUAL METHOD A HUMAN CONTROLS THE LIQUID
LEVEL CLOSE TO THE DESIRED LEVEL USING A SIGHT TUBE.
USING SIGHT TUBE HUMAN COMPARES THE PRESENT LEVEL
BY THE DESIRED LEVEL AND ADJUST THE VALVE
ACCORDINGLY.

8. DRAWBACKS OF MANUAL METHOD.
• ERROR DUE TO HUMAN.
• ERROR DUE TO TIME WASTED IN OPENING AND CLOSING
OF VALVES.
• SO THERE IS A NEED OF AUTOMATIC(HUMAN LESS) SYSTEM
TO INCREASE THE ACCURACY.

9. B. AUTOMATIC METHOD.

10. WORKING OF AUTOMATIC METHOD.
IN THE AUTOMATIC METHOD HUMAN IS REPLACED BY A CONTROLLER
TO INCREASE THE ACCURACY. THE LIQUID LEVEL IS SENSED BY A FLOAT
AND SENSED LEVEL IS THEN FED TO THE CONTROLLER, CONTROLLER
COMPARES THE SENSED LEVEL WITH DESIRED LEVEL AND ERROR SIGNAL
IS GENERATED, ACCORDING TO THAT ERROR SIGNAL ACTUATOR
CONTROLS THE OUTPUT VALVE.

11. ADVANTAGE OF AUTOMATIC METHOD.
• 1- ERROR IS REDUCED BY HUMAN BY A CONTROLLER.
• 2- AUTOMATIC METHOD IS MORE RELIABLE AS COMPARED
TO MANUAL METHOD, IT IS MORE STABLE ALSO.
• 3- IT IS COSTLY COMPARATIVELY BUT ACCURACY AND
STABILITY PROVIDED BY THIS METHOD CAN COVER THE
COST.

13. DETAILS OF CIRCUIT COMPONENTS:
RESISTORS:
RESISTOR IS A PASSIVE COMPONENT USED TO CONTROL CURRENT IN A CIRCUIT .ITS
RESISTANCE IS GIVEN BY THE RATIO OF VOLTAGE APPLIED ACROSS ITS TERMINALS TO THE
CURRENT PASSING THROUGH IT.

14. DETAILS OF CIRCUIT COMPONENTS
IC 74HC02AP ;
• High speed
• Low power dissipation
• Balanced propagation delay
Pin and function capability with 74LS02 It is a very commonly used IC for
generating accurate timing pulses.
 It is an 8pin timer IC and has mainly two modes of operation: monostable
and astable.
 In monostable mode time delay of the pulses can be precisely controlled
by an external resistor and a capacitor whereas in astable mode the
frequency & duty cycle are controlled by two external resistors and a
capacitor.

15. LED light-emitting diode :-
A light-emitting diode (LED) is an electronic light
source. LEDs are used as indicator lamps in many
kinds of electronics and increasingly for lighting.
LEDs work by the effect of electroluminescence,
discovered by accident in 1907. The LED was
introduced as a practical electronic component in
1962.

16. PIN DIAGRAM OF IC 74HC02AP

19. WORKING

20. EFFECTS OF WATER LEVEL

24. application & advantages
May-16 24
 Water level indicator is used in applications like
storage tanks, boilers etc. to indicate level of water
inside.
 Easily indicate when water level is full in tank
with beep
Sound.
 Low cost

25. • WWW.SCRIBD.COM
• WWW.ELECTRONICSFORYOU.COM
• WWW.WIKIPEDIA.COM
• WWW.ENGINEERSGARAGE.COM
Bibliography