sewers and sewer netwrok - design construction and maintenanceManish Goyal
This document discusses the design of sewer systems. It begins by classifying sewers into domestic, storm, and combined sewers based on what they are designed to carry. It notes the advantages and disadvantages of combined sewers. The document then discusses methods for estimating sewage flow rates, including population forecasting, per capita flow rates, and peak flow factors. It also covers stormwater runoff estimation and the rational method formula. Finally, it discusses some hydraulic design considerations for sewers, such as designing for partial flow rather than full flow due to gas generation in sewers.
Design of sewerage collection system and cost estimationVijay Kumar
Vijay Kumar from the Department of Civil Engineering at Jamia Millia Islamia submitted a report on the design of a sewerage system. The report reviewed the existing sewerage system criteria, designed a new sewerage system, and estimated the costs according to the Delhi Schedule of Rates from 2012. It described the purpose of a sewerage system, different sewer types, sewer appurtenances, design considerations and parameters, hydraulic design of sewer lines from manhole to manhole, and a cost estimate breakdown of the new sewerage system project.
Collection of sewage & estimation of its dischargeRajdip Bhdaraka
This document provides an overview of wastewater and sewerage systems. It defines wastewater as water used in homes, commercial spaces, and industries that needs treatment and disposal. Effective wastewater collection is important to prevent unhygienic conditions. The document then describes the components of sewerage systems, including different pipe materials used, factors that affect wastewater flow estimates, and methods for calculating peak storm discharge into sewers.
This document provides an introduction to sewerage network design. It defines key terms like sewage, sewer, and sewerage. It outlines information required for design like design criteria, master plan layout, and levels. Design criteria includes parameters like sewage generation rates, minimum velocities and slopes, peaking factors, and pipe materials. The design process involves marking the network on a layout, calculating population, hydraulic design, and producing final drawings.
Urbanization has led to migration to cities, creating problems of water supply and wastewater management. Most cities discharge partially treated or untreated wastewater, polluting water bodies. Domestic sewage is the main source of water pollution in India. The regular water quality monitoring reveals coliform counts exceeding safe levels. Historically, waste was disposed manually but this was replaced by water carriage systems, mixing waste with water in closed conduits. This system avoids odors and disease but requires treatment of large wastewater volumes and a water supply. Sewer design considers flow, materials, patterns and characteristics to efficiently transport and treat wastewater.
Collection of sewage & estimation of its dischargeRajdip Bhdaraka
This document provides an overview of wastewater and sewerage systems. It defines wastewater as water used in homes, commercial spaces, and industries that needs treatment and disposal. Effective wastewater collection is important to prevent unhygienic conditions. The document then describes the components of typical sewerage systems and different types of sewer pipes used, including their characteristics and suitable applications. It also discusses factors that affect wastewater flow estimation and formulas used to calculate peak storm discharge in sewer design.
This document discusses urban stormwater design in Malaysia. It provides background on past drainage practices that led to increased flooding and introduces a new Stormwater Management Manual for Malaysia (MSMA) effective in 2001. The MSMA aims to manage stormwater quantity and quality through techniques like swales, dry ponds and wetlands. It also covers estimating peak flows, including time of concentration, rainfall intensities and IDF curves. Design examples are provided for sizing drains based on development type, design storm recurrence interval and flow calculations. The document emphasizes controlling stormwater at the source to mitigate flooding issues from urbanization.
sewers and sewer netwrok - design construction and maintenanceManish Goyal
This document discusses the design of sewer systems. It begins by classifying sewers into domestic, storm, and combined sewers based on what they are designed to carry. It notes the advantages and disadvantages of combined sewers. The document then discusses methods for estimating sewage flow rates, including population forecasting, per capita flow rates, and peak flow factors. It also covers stormwater runoff estimation and the rational method formula. Finally, it discusses some hydraulic design considerations for sewers, such as designing for partial flow rather than full flow due to gas generation in sewers.
Design of sewerage collection system and cost estimationVijay Kumar
Vijay Kumar from the Department of Civil Engineering at Jamia Millia Islamia submitted a report on the design of a sewerage system. The report reviewed the existing sewerage system criteria, designed a new sewerage system, and estimated the costs according to the Delhi Schedule of Rates from 2012. It described the purpose of a sewerage system, different sewer types, sewer appurtenances, design considerations and parameters, hydraulic design of sewer lines from manhole to manhole, and a cost estimate breakdown of the new sewerage system project.
Collection of sewage & estimation of its dischargeRajdip Bhdaraka
This document provides an overview of wastewater and sewerage systems. It defines wastewater as water used in homes, commercial spaces, and industries that needs treatment and disposal. Effective wastewater collection is important to prevent unhygienic conditions. The document then describes the components of sewerage systems, including different pipe materials used, factors that affect wastewater flow estimates, and methods for calculating peak storm discharge into sewers.
This document provides an introduction to sewerage network design. It defines key terms like sewage, sewer, and sewerage. It outlines information required for design like design criteria, master plan layout, and levels. Design criteria includes parameters like sewage generation rates, minimum velocities and slopes, peaking factors, and pipe materials. The design process involves marking the network on a layout, calculating population, hydraulic design, and producing final drawings.
Urbanization has led to migration to cities, creating problems of water supply and wastewater management. Most cities discharge partially treated or untreated wastewater, polluting water bodies. Domestic sewage is the main source of water pollution in India. The regular water quality monitoring reveals coliform counts exceeding safe levels. Historically, waste was disposed manually but this was replaced by water carriage systems, mixing waste with water in closed conduits. This system avoids odors and disease but requires treatment of large wastewater volumes and a water supply. Sewer design considers flow, materials, patterns and characteristics to efficiently transport and treat wastewater.
Collection of sewage & estimation of its dischargeRajdip Bhdaraka
This document provides an overview of wastewater and sewerage systems. It defines wastewater as water used in homes, commercial spaces, and industries that needs treatment and disposal. Effective wastewater collection is important to prevent unhygienic conditions. The document then describes the components of typical sewerage systems and different types of sewer pipes used, including their characteristics and suitable applications. It also discusses factors that affect wastewater flow estimation and formulas used to calculate peak storm discharge in sewer design.
This document discusses urban stormwater design in Malaysia. It provides background on past drainage practices that led to increased flooding and introduces a new Stormwater Management Manual for Malaysia (MSMA) effective in 2001. The MSMA aims to manage stormwater quantity and quality through techniques like swales, dry ponds and wetlands. It also covers estimating peak flows, including time of concentration, rainfall intensities and IDF curves. Design examples are provided for sizing drains based on development type, design storm recurrence interval and flow calculations. The document emphasizes controlling stormwater at the source to mitigate flooding issues from urbanization.
This document discusses the design considerations for sewer systems. It outlines the different types of sewers based on wastewater flow, and specifies design requirements like pipe sizing, slopes, depths, and velocities. Factors like population equivalent calculations, peak flows, hydraulic properties, and manhole levels are also summarized. The document provides guidance on planning and laying out sewer networks in accordance with relevant codes and standards.
This document describes the design of an underground drainage and sewer system for a residential building with 42 flats housing 210 people. It includes the project objectives to overcome health hazards, construct an aesthetically pleasing and environmentally friendly system, and reduce water pollution and road degradation. The system was designed to handle 0.3 MLD of sewage with 21 manholes and 536.15m of sewage lines. Benefits include reducing pollution, increasing sewer capacity, providing a long-lasting system that saves treatment time and reduces overground structure degradation.
The document provides details on the design of a sewer system for a housing society located in Jhelum, Pakistan. It includes preliminary investigations of the site, design considerations and criteria, and calculations for pipe sizing and slope between manholes. The design is based on a population forecast of 319 people in the future with an average daily sewage flow of 115 cubic meters and peak flow of 467 cubic meters. Calculations show a 225mm diameter pipe is required between the first two manholes with a slope of 0.0033 to maintain a minimum velocity of 0.7 meters per second.
Design and Construction of Sewers And Sewer AppurtenancesTulsiram Bhattarai
The document provides information about sewer systems in Nepal. It discusses the historical development of sewage systems in Nepal from the 1920s to present day. It outlines the objectives of understanding sewer types, design criteria, construction, and appurtenances. The document describes various sewer shapes including circular, rectangular, egg-shaped, and others. It covers design criteria such as sewage flow calculations, velocity, gradient, and materials. Common sewer materials like concrete, brick, cast iron are explained. The importance of manholes and other appurtenances for maintenance and inspection is highlighted.
The document describes a proposed water supply scheme that would provide potable drinking water to 15 habitations in Velliyamattom Panchayath and surrounding areas. It involves designing an intake structure on the Thodupuzha River, a 4 MLD water treatment plant, eight service reservoirs, over 130 km of distribution piping, and pumping stations to transfer water between components. The scheme is estimated to cost around 3.19 crore rupees and would meet the projected water demand for the area through 2031.
This document presents the design of water, sewer, and stormwater systems for a zone consisting of residential, industrial, and commercial areas totaling approximately 75 acres. Key aspects of the design include:
1) Water demand calculations based on population densities and uses; a distribution system is designed using pipes 12-14 inches in diameter fed by pumps supplying 305 feet of head to storage.
2) A sewer system to convey residential, commercial, and industrial flows using PVC pipes 8-50 inches in diameter, maintaining a minimum 2 feet/second flow velocity.
3) A stormwater system sized to accommodate design rainfall intensities using PVC or reinforced concrete pipes 12-27 inches in diameter, with slopes
Hydraulic Design of Sewer:
Hydraulic formulae, maximum and minimum velocities in sewer, hydraulic
characteristics of circular sewer in running full and partial full conditions,
laying and testing of sewer, sewer appurtenances and network.
Estimation of design discharge for various sewer systemssidrarashiddar
This exercise includes the estimation of the quantity of wastewater for separate, Partially combined, and combined sewer systems. The use of rational formula and calculation of weighted runoff coefficient is also discussed for actual storm discharge.
This document provides information about a wastewater treatment seminar called "SewerU" being offered by the Northeast Ohio Regional Sewer District. The seminar will cover topics like the responsibilities of the Sewer District, how sewer systems and wastewater treatment plants work, and challenges faced by utilities. It includes details of the seminar schedule and syllabus, background on the Sewer District and the history of water issues in Northeast Ohio, and explanations of key concepts like combined sewer overflows and green infrastructure solutions.
The document discusses the hydraulic design of sewers and provides details on various hydraulic formulae used for design, including Chezy's, Bazin's, Manning's, Kutter's, Hazen-Williams, and Crimp and Burge's formulae. It also covers minimum and maximum velocities in sewers, effects of flow variation, laying of sewers, testing of sewers using water, air, and smoke tests, and testing for obstructions. Sewer appurtenances like manholes and catch basins are also briefly mentioned.
This document outlines the objectives and key concepts of wastewater engineering. It discusses the components of wastewater systems including collection, disposal, and treatment. It describes different types of sewers and sewer systems. It also covers sewage generation rates and flow variation over time. The goals are to learn about wastewater collection and treatment design as well as reference textbooks on the topic.
A sanitary sewer or "foul sewer" is an underground carriage system specifically for transporting sewage from houses and commercial buildings through pipes to treatment or disposal. Sanitary sewers are part of an overall system called sewerage or sewage system.
Lecture notes of Environmental Engineering-II as per Solapur university syllabus of TE CIVIL.
Prepared by
Prof S S Jahagirdar,
Associate Professor,
N K Orchid college of Engg and Technology,
Solapur
Building Services :Drainage, Rain Water Disposal and HarvestingSumit Ranjan
Drainage- Sub- drains, Culverts, Ditches, Gutters, Drop inlets and Catch Basins,Rain Water Disposal for individual buildings, Rain Water Harvesting with examples and illustration for 4th sem.archi. ,P.T.U
This document provides design considerations for a sewerage system for a small township. Key assumptions are made about sewage generation rates and peak flows. Manning's formula and the rational method are used to size sewer pipes and drainage channels. Population calculations are made to determine sewage flows from different areas. Pipes with a diameter of 15cm and slope of 1:85 are designed to collect sewage from individual units. A 22.5cm pipe with slope of 1:100 is designed to collect the total sewage flow. A rectangular concrete channel with 30cm width and depth is designed to collect rainfall runoff and discharge it based on calculations using Manning's formula.
This document provides an overview of a student project on the design of a sewage treatment plant and reuse of energy. It introduces the importance of sewage treatment, sources of wastewater, and describes the primary, secondary, and tertiary treatment processes. These include bar screening, grit removal, primary sedimentation, activated sludge, trickling filters, rotating biological contactors, filtration, sludge drying beds, and chlorination. The objective is to produce safe effluent for disposal without harming the environment.
This document discusses the design considerations for sewer systems. It outlines the different types of sewers based on wastewater flow, and specifies design requirements like pipe sizing, slopes, depths, and velocities. Factors like population equivalent calculations, peak flows, hydraulic properties, and manhole levels are also summarized. The document provides guidance on planning and laying out sewer networks in accordance with relevant codes and standards.
This document describes the design of an underground drainage and sewer system for a residential building with 42 flats housing 210 people. It includes the project objectives to overcome health hazards, construct an aesthetically pleasing and environmentally friendly system, and reduce water pollution and road degradation. The system was designed to handle 0.3 MLD of sewage with 21 manholes and 536.15m of sewage lines. Benefits include reducing pollution, increasing sewer capacity, providing a long-lasting system that saves treatment time and reduces overground structure degradation.
The document provides details on the design of a sewer system for a housing society located in Jhelum, Pakistan. It includes preliminary investigations of the site, design considerations and criteria, and calculations for pipe sizing and slope between manholes. The design is based on a population forecast of 319 people in the future with an average daily sewage flow of 115 cubic meters and peak flow of 467 cubic meters. Calculations show a 225mm diameter pipe is required between the first two manholes with a slope of 0.0033 to maintain a minimum velocity of 0.7 meters per second.
Design and Construction of Sewers And Sewer AppurtenancesTulsiram Bhattarai
The document provides information about sewer systems in Nepal. It discusses the historical development of sewage systems in Nepal from the 1920s to present day. It outlines the objectives of understanding sewer types, design criteria, construction, and appurtenances. The document describes various sewer shapes including circular, rectangular, egg-shaped, and others. It covers design criteria such as sewage flow calculations, velocity, gradient, and materials. Common sewer materials like concrete, brick, cast iron are explained. The importance of manholes and other appurtenances for maintenance and inspection is highlighted.
The document describes a proposed water supply scheme that would provide potable drinking water to 15 habitations in Velliyamattom Panchayath and surrounding areas. It involves designing an intake structure on the Thodupuzha River, a 4 MLD water treatment plant, eight service reservoirs, over 130 km of distribution piping, and pumping stations to transfer water between components. The scheme is estimated to cost around 3.19 crore rupees and would meet the projected water demand for the area through 2031.
This document presents the design of water, sewer, and stormwater systems for a zone consisting of residential, industrial, and commercial areas totaling approximately 75 acres. Key aspects of the design include:
1) Water demand calculations based on population densities and uses; a distribution system is designed using pipes 12-14 inches in diameter fed by pumps supplying 305 feet of head to storage.
2) A sewer system to convey residential, commercial, and industrial flows using PVC pipes 8-50 inches in diameter, maintaining a minimum 2 feet/second flow velocity.
3) A stormwater system sized to accommodate design rainfall intensities using PVC or reinforced concrete pipes 12-27 inches in diameter, with slopes
Hydraulic Design of Sewer:
Hydraulic formulae, maximum and minimum velocities in sewer, hydraulic
characteristics of circular sewer in running full and partial full conditions,
laying and testing of sewer, sewer appurtenances and network.
Estimation of design discharge for various sewer systemssidrarashiddar
This exercise includes the estimation of the quantity of wastewater for separate, Partially combined, and combined sewer systems. The use of rational formula and calculation of weighted runoff coefficient is also discussed for actual storm discharge.
This document provides information about a wastewater treatment seminar called "SewerU" being offered by the Northeast Ohio Regional Sewer District. The seminar will cover topics like the responsibilities of the Sewer District, how sewer systems and wastewater treatment plants work, and challenges faced by utilities. It includes details of the seminar schedule and syllabus, background on the Sewer District and the history of water issues in Northeast Ohio, and explanations of key concepts like combined sewer overflows and green infrastructure solutions.
The document discusses the hydraulic design of sewers and provides details on various hydraulic formulae used for design, including Chezy's, Bazin's, Manning's, Kutter's, Hazen-Williams, and Crimp and Burge's formulae. It also covers minimum and maximum velocities in sewers, effects of flow variation, laying of sewers, testing of sewers using water, air, and smoke tests, and testing for obstructions. Sewer appurtenances like manholes and catch basins are also briefly mentioned.
This document outlines the objectives and key concepts of wastewater engineering. It discusses the components of wastewater systems including collection, disposal, and treatment. It describes different types of sewers and sewer systems. It also covers sewage generation rates and flow variation over time. The goals are to learn about wastewater collection and treatment design as well as reference textbooks on the topic.
A sanitary sewer or "foul sewer" is an underground carriage system specifically for transporting sewage from houses and commercial buildings through pipes to treatment or disposal. Sanitary sewers are part of an overall system called sewerage or sewage system.
Lecture notes of Environmental Engineering-II as per Solapur university syllabus of TE CIVIL.
Prepared by
Prof S S Jahagirdar,
Associate Professor,
N K Orchid college of Engg and Technology,
Solapur
Building Services :Drainage, Rain Water Disposal and HarvestingSumit Ranjan
Drainage- Sub- drains, Culverts, Ditches, Gutters, Drop inlets and Catch Basins,Rain Water Disposal for individual buildings, Rain Water Harvesting with examples and illustration for 4th sem.archi. ,P.T.U
This document provides design considerations for a sewerage system for a small township. Key assumptions are made about sewage generation rates and peak flows. Manning's formula and the rational method are used to size sewer pipes and drainage channels. Population calculations are made to determine sewage flows from different areas. Pipes with a diameter of 15cm and slope of 1:85 are designed to collect sewage from individual units. A 22.5cm pipe with slope of 1:100 is designed to collect the total sewage flow. A rectangular concrete channel with 30cm width and depth is designed to collect rainfall runoff and discharge it based on calculations using Manning's formula.
This document provides an overview of a student project on the design of a sewage treatment plant and reuse of energy. It introduces the importance of sewage treatment, sources of wastewater, and describes the primary, secondary, and tertiary treatment processes. These include bar screening, grit removal, primary sedimentation, activated sludge, trickling filters, rotating biological contactors, filtration, sludge drying beds, and chlorination. The objective is to produce safe effluent for disposal without harming the environment.
REQUIREMNETS FOR GETTING LICENSE OF VALUER
ROLE OF VALUER WITH VARIOUS AGENCIES FOR LOANS,
MORTGAGE,
PROPERTY DISPUTES IN COURT OF LAW ETC.
MORE WORKS OF VALUER AND VARIOUS
FORMS TO BE FILLED BY VALUER IN HIS
WORK.
FORMATS OF VALUATION REPORT FILLED BY VALUER.
TERMS OF ENGAGEMENT FOR EMPANELMENT OF VALUERS.
IBA SUB-COMMITTEE ON
MORTGAGE AND VALUATION OF PROPERTY
Construction of Sewage Treatment Plant STP – 350 kld for CPMF Part 1Netsol Water Solutions
The document provides details for the construction of a 350 KLD sewage treatment plant for a CAPFs hospital in Greater Noida. It will use SBR technology and require 250 square meters of area. The process flow involves screening and grinding of inlet sewage, treatment in an equalization tank, SBR tank, and chlorine contact tank, with solid handling and disposal or treated water reuse. Design parameters include a 350 cubic meter per day design flow, BOD and COD removal to less than 10 and 50 mg/L respectively, and pH of 6.5-8 for treated water. Drawings show the layout and dimensions of tanks, pumps, and other equipment.
The document discusses valuation of properties for various purposes such as wealth tax and municipal taxation. It defines key terms used in property valuation like cost, value, price, assessed value, replacement value, and others. Valuation is based on factors like a property's utility, scarcity, marketability, location, supply and demand conditions. The principles of valuation include a property being valued based on what a willing buyer and seller would exchange it for. A valuer also considers present and future use, and supports their valuation with statistical data.
Valuation is the process of estimating the value or fair price of real property. There are several purposes for valuation including buying or selling property, taxation, rent fixation, securing loans, and determining compensation amounts. Valuation methods include the rental method, profit-based method, and depreciation method. The rental method capitalizes the net annual income from rent by multiplying it by the years' purchase value. The profit-based method values properties like hotels based on capitalizing the net annual profit. Depreciation is also considered to account for the aging and deterioration of structures over time.
This presentation provides an overview of the sewage treatment plant in Karanja, including the key processes and layout. It describes the 4 stages of treatment: pre-treatment, primary treatment, secondary treatment, and tertiary treatment. Diagrams and photos show the plant layout, individual treatment units like grit chambers, tube settlers, and decanter centrifuges.
The document discusses valuation practices for intangible assets such as technology. It outlines three main valuation approaches - cost, market, and income approaches. It then describes the typical valuation process, including defining the objective, describing the asset, selecting an approach, and reporting results. Finally, it provides an example of valuing software using both cost and income approaches.
The document discusses various methods for valuing companies, including cost-based methods like book value and replacement cost, income-based methods like earnings capitalization and discounted cash flow, and market-based methods. It notes that valuation depends on factors like management, performance, projections, industry, and the transaction context. The valuation process involves considering financial and non-financial factors, using multiple models, and arriving at a valuation range. Special situations like multi-business companies, M&A, and cyclic businesses require tailored applications of valuation models.
This document summarizes the key unit operations used in sewage treatment plants. It describes the different types of treatment processes - physical, chemical, and biological. The physical treatment processes like screens and grit chambers remove suspended solids. Chemical treatment uses processes like coagulation and neutralization to remove dissolved chemicals. Biological treatment uses microorganisms in units like activated sludge plants and trickling filters to break down dissolved organic chemicals. The document provides examples of common unit operations and illustrates how wastewater flows through a treatment plant in a series of steps to remove different types of impurities through various treatment methods.
This document discusses wastewater treatment. It defines wastewater as used water that contains food scraps, oils, soaps, and human and industrial wastes. Wastewater is treated at a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) through primary, secondary, and tertiary treatment stages to remove pollutants. Primary treatment removes large solid objects, secondary treatment uses biological processes like activated sludge to remove dissolved and suspended organic matter, and tertiary treatment uses disinfection like chlorination to kill pathogens. The goal of wastewater treatment is to recycle water for reuse and protect public health and aquatic environments.
Sewage treatment plant design calculationSharifah Ain
1) The document outlines the design calculations for a sewage treatment plant for a mixed development project with 40 residential units and 18 commercial units. The population equivalent is calculated to be 293.
2) A rotating biological contractor (RBC) system is selected as the sewage treatment method since it is suitable for staged development, requires low land area, produces high quality effluent, and has low operation and maintenance costs.
3) Design parameters for the sewer reticulation pipes are provided, including a peak flow factor calculation, minimum pipe sizes and slopes, maximum infiltration rates, and manhole specifications such as location, depth, and gradient requirements.
Lectre 1- Real INTRO and SEWER DESIGFN.pptxAsnelTiffa
The document provides information about collection and estimation of sewage. It defines key terms related to sewage systems and waste water. It describes the types of waste water generated from households and the different collection systems used including separate, combined, and sanitary systems. It also outlines preliminary studies needed to design sewage collection systems and discusses population estimation methods.
This document discusses water supply requirements and systems. It covers:
- Daily water requirements per person for different uses like drinking, cooking, bathing, etc.
- Factors to consider when selecting a water source like capacity, quality, distance from supply location.
- Methods of water collection, purification, storage, and distribution through pipelines.
- Types of distribution systems like branching patterns and grid patterns, and their advantages/disadvantages.
- Equipment used in plumbing like pipes, valves, taps made of different materials.
The document discusses sanitary engineering and its importance. It defines sanitation and environmental sanitation as relating to public health through clean drinking water and adequate sewage disposal. Sanitary engineering deals with collecting, conveying, and disposing of wastewater and garbage to maintain a healthy environment. Improper sanitation can lead to odor and water contamination. The importance of sanitary engineering is to understand wastewater constituents and impacts, applicable treatment methods, and sludge reuse options. It also discusses sewage, sewer systems, and the three main types: combined, separate, and partially separate systems.
This document discusses various sewer appurtenances including manholes, drop manholes, gully pits, intercepting traps, septic tanks, soak pits, and holding tanks. Manholes provide access for inspection and cleaning of sewers. Drop manholes are used when a branch sewer enters a manhole at a higher level to prevent splashing. Gully pits trap solid waste before it enters drainage systems. Intercepting traps disconnect house drains from sewers to prevent gas/bacteria entry. Septic tanks facilitate anaerobic digestion of sewage. Soak pits allow septic tank effluent to seep into soil. Holding tanks temporarily store effluent before pumping to treatment.
A plumbing system has two main parts: the supply system that brings in fresh water, and the drain-waste-vent system that removes used water and sewage. When designing a plumbing system, local plumbing codes must be consulted. The supply system carries fresh water to fixtures through pressurized piping. Proper sizing and layout of supply lines is needed to ensure adequate water pressure and supply to all fixtures. Common materials for supply lines include PVC, CPVC, copper, and galvanized pipes.
This presentation includes the basic introduction to sewage/ wastewater, quantity estimation, the basic terms commonly used in the sewerage system, Types of sewer, sewage, and sewerage system.
The document discusses estimating the quantity of sewage that will flow through sewer pipes. It is theoretically equal to the water supply but there are additions and subtractions in practice. Additions include unaccounted private water sources and infiltration of groundwater into sewer pipes. Subtractions include water used for purposes other than sewage like watering gardens. The design sewage quantity is estimated by considering factors like population growth rates and per capita water consumption rates. Peak sewage flows also need to be estimated to size sewer pipes appropriately.
The document discusses plumbing services and provides definitions for key terms. It covers topics like water supply systems, drainage, fittings, and solid waste management. Specifics around estimating water needs based on population, types of water distribution, toilet systems, and requirements for different building types like schools and hospitals are outlined. Materials used for piping and drainage systems are also defined.
Types, benefits & materials used in sewer lines.pdfYuktaNarvekar
A sewer line is a network of underground pipes used to transport sewage from homes or businesses to a treatment facility or disposal site. A sanitary sewer is a particular kind of gravity sewer and a component of the larger sewer system. Industrial effluent may also be transported by sanitary sewers that serve industrial districts. Separate storm drains may route surface runoff into surface water in sewer-served regions.
This document provides an overview of plumbing systems, including:
- A brief history of plumbing from ancient civilizations to modern developments.
- The key components of plumbing systems, including water supply pipes, drainage waste vent (DWV) pipes, and fixtures like sinks and toilets.
- Considerations for plumbing design like identifying fixture needs, selecting appropriately sized piping, and grouping fixtures efficiently.
- The purpose and design of the DWV system to drain used water and sewage from buildings.
The document discusses plumbing and sanitation systems. It begins by defining plumbing and describing its basic components like water supply pipes, fixtures, soil and vent pipes, and storm drainage. It then provides a brief history of plumbing from ancient civilizations to modern systems. The document goes on to describe various plumbing distribution systems for multi-story buildings, components like traps and vents, and considerations for drainage and sewage treatment systems.
The document discusses the key components of a water supply system, including distribution, storage, transmission, and treatment facilities. It describes three levels of water service (point source, communal faucets, and individual connections). The key components that make up distribution systems are described as are different types of distribution network layouts like dead-end, radial, gridiron and ring systems. Water storage facilities, including ground tanks and elevated tanks, are outlined. The purposes and types of reservoirs, sizing of reservoirs, and reservoir operation methods are summarized.
This document discusses different types of sewers based on their function, material, and shape. It describes soil pipes, waste pipes, lateral sewers, house sewers, branch sewers, and main sewers based on their function in collecting and transporting wastewater. Sewers can also be categorized based on the material used such as brick, vitrified clay, cement concrete, steel, cast iron, asbestos, or plastic. Their shapes include circular, egg-shaped, horseshoe-shaped, parabolic, rectangular, and semi-circular. The document also examines combined, separate, and solid free sewerage systems and their applicability in urban and rural areas. Open channels and drains are also discussed as
storm water
rain water harvesting
shoratge of water
advantages
road surface run off
open drains
plans
drawing
pictures
storm water program
design consideration
CSA Symposium 2016 -Shawn Miller Day 1 Session 3ACDI/VOCA
This document discusses rainwater harvesting as a solution to water shortages caused by factors like deforestation, population growth, and urbanization. It defines rainwater harvesting as collecting rainwater when it falls and storing it for later use. The document outlines the objectives of rainwater harvesting such as meeting increasing water demands and recharging groundwater. It also describes various components of roof rainwater harvesting systems including catchments, transportation mechanisms, filters and different types of filters. Finally, it provides examples of rainwater harvesting implementations and their uses.
Rainwater harvesting is the collection and storage of rainwater runoff from rooftops or land surfaces before it reaches the aquifer. It helps recharge groundwater for uses like irrigation, drinking water, and livestock. There are two main methods of rainwater harvesting - surface runoff collection and rooftop collection, where the roof acts as a catchment to collect rainwater and funnel it into a storage system using pipes and filters. The storage systems include tanks, barrels, and recharge pits or trenches that allow water to percolate back into the groundwater. Rainwater harvesting provides many benefits like water conservation, reducing soil erosion, and saving money.
This document discusses greywater, which is wastewater from sources like showers, sinks, and washing machines that can be reused for irrigation. It defines greywater and notes that it makes up 50-70% of household wastewater. Various sources of greywater are described. There is a need for greywater management to safely reuse it and guidelines for doing so. Primary and secondary greywater treatment systems are outlined that can further treat greywater before reuse through irrigation systems like drip irrigation. The components of a greywater system and its uses and benefits are summarized.
The document discusses various components of sewerage systems and methods of sewage collection and treatment. It describes the key parts of sewerage systems including pipes, pumps, manholes, as well as different systems for collecting domestic and industrial wastewater. It also summarizes common methods for primary and secondary sewage treatment such as screening, sedimentation, and biological processes like trickling filters and activated sludge. Stormwater management techniques are also outlined including ways to store, convey, and infiltrate or detain runoff.
Municipal corporations are responsible for collecting raw water sources, treating the water, and distributing it through piping networks to consumers. The water supply process involves intake works to draw water from sources, a treatment plant to purify the water by processes like aeration, sedimentation, coagulation and filtration, transmission mains to move treated water to service reservoirs, and distribution mains that deliver water to customers through layouts like gridiron, radial, dead-end, or circular methods.
Similar to Carl m kuttler jr collection and estimation of sewage (20)
Best Immigration Consultants in Amritsar- SAGA StudiesSAGA Studies
Want to fulfill your study abroad dream? Searching for the best Immigration Consultants?
SAGA Studies is the best immigration consultants in Amritsar, provides student admissions, study visa, spouse and dependent visas, tourist visas, PTE exam assistance,and many more.
Pruning enhances your garden's visual appeal by keeping plants neat and well-formed. Whether you prefer a formal, structured look or a more natural, free-flowing design, regular pruning helps you achieve and maintain your desired garden style. A well-pruned garden looks cared for and can significantly improve the overall beauty of your outdoor space.
Merchants from high-risk industries face significant challenges due to their industry reputation, chargeback, and refund rates. These industries include sectors like gambling, adult entertainment, and CBD products, which often struggle to secure merchant accounts due to increased risks of chargebacks and fraud.
To overcome these difficulties, it is necessary to improve credit scores, reduce chargeback rates, and provide detailed business information to high-risk merchant account providers to enhance credibility.
Regarding security, implementing robust security measures such as secure payment gateways, two-factor authentication, and fraud detection software that utilizes machine learning systems is crucial.
The Significance of Flowers in Our LivesBISOU Flowers
Flowers are highlighted for their ability to improve emotional well-being and mental health. Their presence in living and workspaces can reduce stress, boost mood, and create a calming atmosphere, contributing to overall mental health.
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Sustainable Solutions for Chemical Waste Disposal by Summerland Environmental...Summerland Environmental
Welcome to the presentation on Sustainable Solutions for Chemical Waste Disposal by Summerland Environmental. We will explore innovative methods and technologies for eco-friendly waste management.
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3 Examples of new capital gains taxes in CanadaLakshay Gandhi
Stay informed about capital gains taxes in Canada with our detailed guide featuring three illustrative examples. Learn what capital gains taxes are and how they work, including how much you pay based on federal and provincial rates. Understand the combined tax rates to see your overall tax liability. Examine specific scenarios with capital gains of $500k and $1M, both before and after recent tax changes. These examples highlight the impact of new regulations and help you navigate your tax obligations effectively. Optimize your financial planning with these essential insights!
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Love compatibility, often referred to as synastry in astrological terms, is the study of how two individuals’ astrological charts interact with each other.
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3. Introduction…
Sewage is water-carried waste, in solution or
suspension, that is intended to be removed from a
community.
Also known as wastewater, it is more than 99%
water and is characterized by volume or rate of flow,
physical condition, chemical constituents and the
bacteriological organisms that it contains.
4. The system of pipes used to collect and carry rain,
waste water and trade waste away for treatment and
disposal is called the sewerage or the waste water
system.
There are three types of public sewers, each
classified according to the kind of wastes it is
required to handle.
7. Combined sewers
Combination public sewers are the oldest variety of
the three types of sewers and they are required to
carry storm and sanitary wastes to some safe terminal.
Rain water should be carried to some terminal not
associated with the disposal plant
8. Sanitary sewers
Sanitary sewers are those which are required to carry
domestic sanitary wastes only. All rain water must be
excluded from them.
Combination and sanitary sewers generally are
placed about ten feet under the street grade and
usually are found below the centre line of the street.
9. Strom sewers
Storm sewers are a comparatively new installation,
made necessary because of sewage treatment.
These sewers are made to carry only storm water and
may terminate at any natural drainage area.
10. Problems in sewer system
The per capita water supply (including the local and
individual sources) to the population is less than the
minimum requirement of water supply for the
efficient performance of the sewerage system, i.e.,
100 Lpcd.
This will cause the operation and maintenance
problems with frequent clogging, due to silting in the
absence of self cleansing velocity;
11. The topography of the town is flat necessitating
deeper excavation of trenches and more number of
sewage pumping stations.
Either ground water table is high or the substrata are
made up of hard rock, leading to difficult
construction of sewerage system.
12. Sanitary sewer system
Public sanitary sewers perform two primary
functions:
Safely carry the design peak discharge,
Transport suspended materials to prevent deposition in the
sewer.
3 types of sanitary wastewater collection systems
based on hydraulic characteristics and purpose:
13. Gravity sewer system
Pressure sewer system
Vacuum sewer system
14. Gravity Sanitary Sewer
Most common.
Wastewater transported by gravity.
Used to collect wastewater from residential,
commercial, industrial, and institutional sources.
Conveyance capacity allowances must be made for
groundwater infiltration and unavoidable inflow.
16. Pressure (Pumped) Sanitary Sewer
Economical and environmentally friendly way of
collecting, transporting and disposing of wastewater
from households.
They are often used in areas when the landscape is
either very hilly or very flat, in areas that regularly
flood or have high water tables, or where it is
impractical to install other types of sewerage systems.
17. A pressure sewer system is made up of a network of
fully sealed pipes which are fed by pumping units
located at each connected property.
The pumping unit processes the household
wastewater and transfers it to the pressure sewer
located in the street via a small pipeline within the
property.
18. The pressure sewer system is made of four key
elements. These elements are:
The pumping unit
The boundary valve kit
The house service line
The control panel
20. Advantages
Being smaller in diameter are installed at shallower
depths than conventional sewers.
They need not be laid on a precise grade as in gravity
sewers, but can often go over hill below the hydraulic
gradient line.
Since there are no elements such as access manholes
and sewer line is under pressure, the inflow from
storm runoff is virtually eliminated.
The system is cheaper than conventional sewerage
where unfavourable conditions prevail.
21. Disadvantages
They are to be differentiated from the water supply
distribution system with proper colour code.
Awareness among the public is required about the
hazard risk of the pressure sewer system if they are
tampered.
Each and every house should have a collection sump
and pumping facilities.
22. Vacuum Sewerage System
The wastewater is being delivered by a gravity
system to the pre tank of the domestic shaft.
While the pre-tank being filled, an electronic sensor
opens the interface valve.
During the opening air flows into the mixing
chamber and is being mixed with the wastewater and
leaves the valve flowing into the vacuum pipe
network as a water-air mixture.
23. There are also pneumatically controlled valves that
open and close depending on the vacuum in the pipe
network.
The vacuum pump produces a vacuum in the
wastewater collection tank as well as the pipe
network by which the wastewater is sucked from the
pipe network to the collection tank at the pumping
station.
30. Design approach
Where does the wastewater come from?
How much wastewater flow is there going to
be?
How is the wastewater going to be removed
and treated?
32. Two main categories:
Sanitary Wastewater
Wastewater from residential, commercial, institutional and
industrial sources.
Storm water Runoff
Wastewater resulting from rainfall running off streets,
roofs, and other impervious surfaces.
33. Components of a Community’s Wastewater
Domestic (sanitary) wastewater – wastewater
discharged from residences and from commercial,
institutional and similar facilities.
Industrial wastewater – wastewater in which
industrial wastes predominate.
34. Infiltration/Inflow (I/I) – extraneous water that enters
the sewer system from the ground through various
means, and storm water that is discharged from
sources such as roof leaders, foundation drains, and
storm sewers.
Storm water – runoff resulting from rainfall and snow
melt
35. Infiltration to Sanitary Sewer Systems
Groundwater/percolating water in the subsurface
entering a sewer system through:
Defective pipes
Leaking pipe joints
Poor connections
Cracked manhole walls etc.
36. Inflow to Sanitary Sewer Systems
Water entering a sewer system from surface sources
such as:
Leaking manhole covers
Directly connected roof gutters
Cellar or foundation drains
Cross connections from storm drains and combined sewers
Yard and area drains
Cooling-water discharges
Drains from springs and swampy areas
Street wash water
37. Sanitary Sewer Overflows
Heavy rains overload the system though inflow and
infiltration into cracks, ill-fitting joints, and leaky
manholes.
To prevent hydraulic overload of treatment plants,
the excessive sewage bypasses the plant and is
discharged without treatment.
38. Effects of SSOs
Environmental
Nutrients and toxicants may cause algal blooms and
harm wildlife. Algal blooms remove O2 from water,
smothering aquatic life.
Decrease in water quality reduces number and range
of plants and fish.
39. Public Health
Direct contact with water containing sewage can
cause skin and ear infections and gastroenteritis, and
cuts become infected.
Illnesses result from eating fish/shellfish that swim in
sewage contaminated waters.
Inhalation and skin absorption can also cause disease.
41. Sources and Rates of Domestic Wastewater
Flows
Small residential districts – wastewater flows
determined based on population density and average
per capita contribution of wastewater.
Large residential districts – wastewater flows
developed based on land use areas and anticipated
population density (typically rates are based on
wastewater flows from nearby areas).
If data is unavailable, estimate 70% of the domestic
water-withdrawal rate is returned to the sanitary
sewer
system.
42. The quantity of sewage produced depends upon the
quantity of water use.
Generally;
Average daily flow = (70 – 80) % average water
consumption i.e.
Average Daily Flow (ADF) of Sewage = 75%
Average Daily Demand (ADD) of water consumption
= 0.75 ADD
43. The flows in sanitary sewers vary seasonably
monthly, daily, hourly. For areas of moderate sizes be
expressed as;
Maximum Daily Flow = 1.5 x ADF
Where
1.5 varies from place to place
Maximum hourly flow = (2 – 4) ADF
This is actually the peak flow
44. Sewers are designed on peak flow basis, however the
minimum flow passing through the sewer is also
important in the design of a particular sewer because
at low flow the velocity will be reduced considerably
which may cause silting.
So the sewers must be checked for minimum
velocities at their minimum hourly flows.
Generally for a moderate area the following
minimum flows may be assumed.
Minimum Daily Flow = 2/3 ADF
Minimum Hourly Flow = 1/3 ADF
50. Industrial Wastewater Estimation
Industries without internal reuse programs:
approximately 85 to 95% of water used will be
returned to the sanitary sewer system.
Large industries with internal-water-reuse
programs: need data on how much water is
reused internally.
53. How is the wastewater going to be
removed and treated?
54. Types of Sewer Pipes in a Typical Separate
Sanitary Collection System
Sanitary sewers must be laid near all occupied
buildings in order to collect wastewater.
Building Connecting Pipes
Connects the building plumbing to the public sanitary
wastewater collection system.
Convey wastewater from the buildings to lateral or branch
sewer, or any other sewer except another building sewer.
Normally begins outside the building foundation
55. Lateral or Branch Sewers
Forms the first element of a wastewater collection system.
Usually in streets or special utility easements.
Used to collect wastewater from one or more building
sewers and convey it to a main sewer.
Main Sewers
Main sewers are used to convey wastewater from one or
more lateral sewers to trunk sewers or to intercepting
sewers.
56. Trunk Sewers
Trunk sewers are large sewers that are used to convey
wastewater from main sewers to treatment or other disposal
facilities, or to large intercepting sewers.
Interceptor Sewers
Intercepting sewers are large sewers that are used to
intercept a number of main or trunk sewers and convey the
wastewater to treatment or other disposal facilities