Water and Sanitation in the Fiji Islands - Barotu Village
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A powerpoint depicting the current state of Barotu Village and ways to improve the water and sanitation crisis.
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Ndu subdivision in Cameroon suffers from acute water scarcity due to population growth, irregular rainfall from climate change, and degradation of watersheds from natural causes and human activities. Bongnjo Foundation organized a tree planting project to regenerate and protect water catchment areas in response. Over 250 local youth participated in planting 800 seedlings of Prunus africana and wild plums around five catchment areas. The community requested expanding the project to more areas and pledged greater involvement, as the initiative built trust with residents and provided experience in community mobilization for the foundation.
Water our valuable resource
Water is essential for life but is unevenly distributed globally. Most water is saltwater while only 1% is freshwater. Water is needed for many human activities but population growth, pollution, and uneven distribution are putting pressure on water resources. Solutions to water constraints include increasing water prices, expanding catchment areas, water recycling and desalination, education, and international agreements. However, each solution has disadvantages. Singapore faces water scarcity due to limited natural sources and increasing demand. It sources water from local catchment, imports from Malaysia, treats used water, and desalinates seawater. Conservation efforts include taxes, campaigns, and rationing exercises to encourage efficient water usage.
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Ne Water Presentation Intro, Conservation
Singapore has very limited natural water resources and relies heavily on imported water, recycled water, and desalination to meet its needs. It has implemented various water conservation programs to encourage saving water and developed NEWater, a highly purified recycled water, to ensure a stable and sustainable water supply and lessen dependence on foreign imports as the population grows. NEWater goes through an advanced purification process using membrane technologies to treat used water to high standards that make it safe for both non-potable and potable use.
Sec 1 geog unit 4 lesson 4
There are two main categories of factors that can cause water shortages: demand factors and supply factors. Demand factors that lead to increased water usage include population growth, as more people need water, and affluence, as wealthier populations consume more water through their lifestyles. Supply factors that affect water availability include seasonal rainfall patterns, which can cause dry seasons in some areas, as well as climate change impacts like changing rain intensities and timing. Water pollution also reduces total water supply by contaminating sources so they can no longer be used by humans.
Import water hungsy
Hong Kong currently imports over 70% of its water from mainland China, but faces threats to its water supply such as pollution and increasing demand. Other areas like Singapore and Australia have diversified their water sources through strategies like water conservation, reclamation, and desalination. Hong Kong should follow their example by learning from their policies and further developing its own water reclamation and desalination options to ensure a stable, sustainable water supply.
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Ndu subdivision in Cameroon suffers from acute water scarcity due to population growth, irregular rainfall from climate change, and degradation of watersheds from natural causes and human activities. Bongnjo Foundation organized a tree planting project to regenerate and protect water catchment areas in response. Over 250 local youth participated in planting 800 seedlings of Prunus africana and wild plums around five catchment areas. The community requested expanding the project to more areas and pledged greater involvement, as the initiative built trust with residents and provided experience in community mobilization for the foundation.
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Singapore has very limited natural water resources and relies heavily on imported water, recycled water, and desalination to meet its needs. It has implemented various water conservation programs to encourage saving water and developed NEWater, a highly purified recycled water, to ensure a stable and sustainable water supply and lessen dependence on foreign imports as the population grows. NEWater goes through an advanced purification process using membrane technologies to treat used water to high standards that make it safe for both non-potable and potable use.
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There are two main categories of factors that can cause water shortages: demand factors and supply factors. Demand factors that lead to increased water usage include population growth, as more people need water, and affluence, as wealthier populations consume more water through their lifestyles. Supply factors that affect water availability include seasonal rainfall patterns, which can cause dry seasons in some areas, as well as climate change impacts like changing rain intensities and timing. Water pollution also reduces total water supply by contaminating sources so they can no longer be used by humans.
Import water hungsy
Hong Kong currently imports over 70% of its water from mainland China, but faces threats to its water supply such as pollution and increasing demand. Other areas like Singapore and Australia have diversified their water sources through strategies like water conservation, reclamation, and desalination. Hong Kong should follow their example by learning from their policies and further developing its own water reclamation and desalination options to ensure a stable, sustainable water supply.
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This geography lesson document covers water supply and shortage. It defines key terms like the hydrological cycle, evaporation, and water shortage. It explains that the main uses of fresh water are agriculture (70%), industry (22%), and domestic use (8%). Locations around the world are facing water shortage as populations grow and climate change impacts water availability. Singapore avoids shortage through strategies like recycling, desalination, and water catchments to ensure sufficient supply.
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Water supply
Water is a natural resource that is important for economic activities and human health. Alternative concepts for water supply in fast-growing megacities include constructing local "waterhouses" that can supply drinking water and water for domestic use in a sustainable way by treating and reusing water to meet quality standards. Current issues with water supply systems include poor condition of pipes and sanitation systems as well as illegal tapping of water resources, worsening the distribution of water. "Waterhouses" have been proposed as a way to better satisfy water supply needs.
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The document summarizes the vision, mission, approach and areas of focus of the Robert B. Daugherty Water for Food Global Institute at the University of Nebraska. The institute aims to achieve global food security while ensuring sustainable water resources through research, partnerships, and programs. It focuses on closing water and agricultural productivity gaps, groundwater management, and other areas. The document also outlines several challenges, including food insecurity, climate change, and sustaining water resources like groundwater. It provides examples of irrigation opportunities and management in places like Sub-Saharan Africa, Latin America, and Nebraska.
Annex 4
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The presentation by Prof. Bancy Mati (Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology) discusses the role of water ecosystem services in agricultural production, and presents best management practices examples for water conservation. The presentation builds on a Technical Guidance Document on “Mainstreaming ecosystem services and biodiversity in agricultural production and management in East Africa”, published by FAO in 2016, and was given at a national training workshops for stakeholders involved in the revision of the Kenya NBSAP that was held at ICRAF in Nairobi, 25-26 May 2016. More information on the event are available at: www.fao.org/africa/news/detail-news/en/c/417489/
The activities were carried out under the EU-funded project “Capacity building related to Multilateral Environmental Agreements (MEAs) in Africa, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) countries – Phase 2” (ACP/MEAs2).
© FAO: http://www.fao.org
SPJIMRTeamSpartans
Access to safe drinking water and proper sanitation remains a significant problem in India. Over 840 million Indians lack access to safe drinking water and over 75 million in rural areas lack access to proper sanitation. This causes major health and economic burdens, with over 1.5 million children dying annually from diarrhea. Solutions proposed include improving water quality monitoring, increasing water treatment facilities, ensuring accountability of water usage through metering and tariffs, and boosting access to clean water in rural areas through localized distillation plants. Multiple stakeholders, including government agencies, construction companies, and communities must work together to address the challenges of availability, accountability, and accessibility of water and sanitation resources.
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Water and Sanitation in the Fiji Islands - Barotu Village
- 1. Water and Sanitation Statistics 6.9 million in the Pacific Island countries without access to improved sanitation • i.e. toilet shared with 2 or more households • No flushing into pit, septic tank, sewer • No privacy or safety Waste water disposal channel which runs through Barotu Village
- 2. A toilet in Barotu Village, Fiji compared to a toilet in Queensland University of Technology, Gardens Point Campus.
- 3. Water and Sanitation Statistics 4.8 million without access to improved water supplies • Must travel more than 30 minutes for water • Not treated • Prone to contamination
- 4. Water and Sanitation in the Fiji Islands Presented by Ruoqing Zhao Supervised by Dr Jay Rajapakse
- 5. Aim To identify and propose improvements to the water and sanitation issues in Barotu Village, Fiji through a desk study, aid from members of the Fiji National University Civil Engineering Department, and a site visit later in the year.
- 6. Barotu Village Facts • Rural Village on western side of Viti Levu Island, Fiji • Population 200, 10 clans, 1 water tank per clan • Months of drought • Wet seasons causing floods • Affected by cyclone Winston 2 years ago One of Barotu’s ten water tanks, leaking water can be seen on the bottom as well as rusting wires
- 7. Research Questions 1. Can optimising existing water storage facilities aid in water conservation? 2. How can future water storage facilities be optimised to conserve water? A pipeline running through Barotu Village is loosely supported by tree branches and twigs
- 8. Research Questions 3. Will raised awareness and introduction of mandates and conservation measures during drought and wet seasons help with the water shortage problem? 4. Will monthly rainfall data and other prediction methods help villagers prepare for oncoming droughts/wet seasons?
- 9. Research Questions 5. Can introduction of other methods (such as a fabricated biosand filters) help individual villagers in obtaining useable water from other sources that are usually neglected? A river running at the end of Barotu Village can be a potential potable water source
- 10. How to address the knowledge gap? 2 week site visit from 1st July – 13th July • Perform surveys/questionnaires • Where is water sourced? Tank? River? Other? • Approx. how much water consumed per day • Site Evaluation • Where are tanks located? Capacity of tank? • Location of other water sources? Distance to Village? • Water Testing • Parameters? • Quality • Raise Awareness • Education
- 11. Contribution of Project • Help villagers of Barotu • Spread awareness • Bring new information/ data into a previously neglected topic • Provide future researchers with valuable information A few dwellings in Barotu Village