The document discusses conflicts over water resources and decentralization in Mali. It focuses on Lake Agoufou located between the municipalities of Gossi and Hombori. There are three main ethnic groups in the area - Songhai, Tuareg, and Fulbe - who have different livelihoods and patterns of seasonal mobility. Disputes have arisen over access to and control of the lake's resources between the municipalities, customary chiefs, and temporary inhabitants like Fulbe herders. Two main events are described: 1) A conflict over access to the lake that involved contested ownership and marginalization of outsiders, and 2) A conflict over control that resurrected historical conflicts and involved claims over local history