The document provides information about global water distribution and sources. It discusses how most of Earth's water is salt water in oceans, while only 2.8% is fresh water. Of the fresh water, 1% is surface water in rivers and lakes, while most is stored as groundwater or ice caps and glaciers. Countries facing water shortages include some in Africa and South East Asia, where surface fresh water is more limited and groundwater is an important source for irrigation.

1. Chong Boon Secondary
Geography Department
Sec 1 Geography
Unit 4 Lesson 2
Water Supply:
Locations facing water shortage.

2. Thinking questions
• Where is water stored globally?
• What are countries that are facing
water shortages?

3. Lesson Objectives
• In this lesson, you will
–The global distribution of water.

4. Distribution of water on earth.
• 71% of earth’s surface is covered with water.
• Most of the earth’s water is salt water.
• 2.8% of the earth’s water is fresh water.
• 1% of the fresh water is surface water in rivers
and lakes.
• The total amount of easily obtained fresh
water is very little!

5. Oceans
• All the world’s oceans are
interconnected.
• This is divided into 5 main oceans.
1. Pacific Ocean
2. Atlantic Ocean
3. Indian Ocean
4. Arctic Ocean
5. Southern Ocean
Turn to
Pg 133

6. Name : ( ) Perserverance 1/2/3 Date:

7. Groundwater
• Groundwater is water stored
underground in soil and underlying rocks.
• Collected when rain infiltrates the
ground.
• Wells allow us to access groundwater.

9. Groundwater sources
• Most groundwater is found in Africa and
South America.
• South East Asia has a relatively large supply.
• Surface fresh water is more commonly used as
it is easier to access.
• Groundwater is commonly used for irrigation.
– 38% of water for irrigation is groundwater.

10. Ice caps & glaciers
• Ice cap is a continuous mass of
ice covering the top of mountains
and elevated areas.
• Glaciers are bodies of ice that
move down a slope due to
gravity.

11. Ice Cap

12. Glacier

13. Rivers
• Large natural stream of fresh water
• Flows along a definite course into another water
body.
• Starts at the source (upper stream)
• Ends at the mouth (into a water body)
• Tributaries are smaller rivers that feed the main
river.
• Distributaries are smaller rivers that discharge
water from the main river.

14. Let’s try a simple exercise
• Turn to Pg 137 of your textbook.

15. Lakes
• A body of water occupying a hollow in
the earth’s surface.
• The largest freshwater lakes by surface
area are the Great Lakes of North
America.
• Pg 138

16. Great Lakes of North America

17. Summary
Are you now able to
• The distribution of water?

18. Let’s do a
summary exercise