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Waste Water Management in the Netherlands
New York, August 10
Henry van Veldhuizen,
Strategic Advisor Waste Water Treatment
Waterschap Vallei en Veluwe
• Waterschap Vallei en Veluwe (“Water Board”)
• Waste Water Management in the Netherlands
• Innovations in Waste Water Treatment
• Conclusions
Content
22 Dutch Water Authorities
Waterschap Vallei en
Veluwe
Waterschap Vallei en Veluwe
2nd International Resource 4
244. 833 ha
1.082.000 inhabitants
16 wwtp’s
1.471.00 p.e.
Waterschap is the regional Water Authority
Daily board
dijkgraaf and 3 heemraden
Organisation
General Board
30 members
• Daily Board: Dijkgraaf, heemraden
• General Board
• Elections
• Taxes
Core Business Waterschap Vallei en Veluwe
• Water Safety
• Sufficient and Clean water
• Wastewater Treatment
Challenges 2017-2021
• Climate change: adaptation and mitigation
• Circular Economy
• Water quality and quantity
Waste Water Treatment in the Netherlands
History of Waste Water Treatment
• 1900-1970 start of urban waste water treatment
 2017: >99% treated
• 1970 Surface water pollution act
 reduction of industrial discharges
• 1970 -1985: removal of organics (COD)
• 1985 – 2005: removal of Nutrients
 2017: > 80% N/P removal
• 2005 – 2027: EU Water Frame Directive: ecology
• 2016 - ...: Micropollutants: Delta Approach
Organisation of the water cycle
• Communal and industrial waste water as main sources
• First combined sewers, later separated for Wastewater
and Storm water
• Discharges regulated through permits
• 2 governments – one task
• Municipalities -> collection systems (sewers)
• Waste water treatment -> regional organizations
for scale purposes (Water Boards)
WWTP’s
• About 340 activated sludge plants
• 3.000 – 1,300.000 p.e.
• About 25 with sand filtration
• Innovations:
• Sharon, Annamox
• Nereda
• Energy and Resource Factory
The Nereda Reactor
Wastewater
Effluent
Sludge flocs
Granular sludge
aeration
•Energy saving:
30%
•Cost saving: 30%
•Space saving:
>50%
•Alginate as a
surprise product
• From a linear to a circular approach
• Waste water as a resource of raw materials,
energy and clean water
• Cooperation of 22 Dutch water authorities
• Shared vision and ambition: route map 2030
Energy and Resource Factory
Energy
• 9 Energy neutral plants
• Green gas for transport
• CO2 for industry
• Heat for households
wwtp Den Bosch: green gas for transport
Phosphorus
• 8 production locations of
fertilizer struvite
• 2018: P from ashes at
Ecophos (Belgium)
Cellulose
• 4 production locations for
cellulose
• Application in asphalt, isolation
material, bioplastics
Removal of emerging substances
• Delta Approach Water Quality and
Fresh Water
• Chain approach Pharmaceuticals
• Joined efforts of Water Boards: Water
Factory
• 4 pilots:
• Powder Activated Carbon (PAC)
• Granular Activated Carbon (GAC)
• Ozonation with GAC
• Pharmafilter for Hospitals
Conclusions
The Dutch Water Authorities
together with partners in the golden triangle
are working on an integrated approach
for a sustainable waste water treatment:
future-proof,
innovative
and circular
Everything clear…
Questions?

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Waste Water Management in the Netherlands

  • 1. Waste Water Management in the Netherlands New York, August 10 Henry van Veldhuizen, Strategic Advisor Waste Water Treatment Waterschap Vallei en Veluwe
  • 2. • Waterschap Vallei en Veluwe (“Water Board”) • Waste Water Management in the Netherlands • Innovations in Waste Water Treatment • Conclusions Content
  • 3. 22 Dutch Water Authorities Waterschap Vallei en Veluwe
  • 4. Waterschap Vallei en Veluwe 2nd International Resource 4 244. 833 ha 1.082.000 inhabitants 16 wwtp’s 1.471.00 p.e.
  • 5. Waterschap is the regional Water Authority Daily board dijkgraaf and 3 heemraden Organisation General Board 30 members • Daily Board: Dijkgraaf, heemraden • General Board • Elections • Taxes
  • 6. Core Business Waterschap Vallei en Veluwe • Water Safety • Sufficient and Clean water • Wastewater Treatment
  • 7. Challenges 2017-2021 • Climate change: adaptation and mitigation • Circular Economy • Water quality and quantity
  • 8. Waste Water Treatment in the Netherlands
  • 9. History of Waste Water Treatment • 1900-1970 start of urban waste water treatment  2017: >99% treated • 1970 Surface water pollution act  reduction of industrial discharges • 1970 -1985: removal of organics (COD) • 1985 – 2005: removal of Nutrients  2017: > 80% N/P removal • 2005 – 2027: EU Water Frame Directive: ecology • 2016 - ...: Micropollutants: Delta Approach
  • 10. Organisation of the water cycle • Communal and industrial waste water as main sources • First combined sewers, later separated for Wastewater and Storm water • Discharges regulated through permits • 2 governments – one task • Municipalities -> collection systems (sewers) • Waste water treatment -> regional organizations for scale purposes (Water Boards)
  • 11. WWTP’s • About 340 activated sludge plants • 3.000 – 1,300.000 p.e. • About 25 with sand filtration • Innovations: • Sharon, Annamox • Nereda • Energy and Resource Factory
  • 12. The Nereda Reactor Wastewater Effluent Sludge flocs Granular sludge aeration •Energy saving: 30% •Cost saving: 30% •Space saving: >50% •Alginate as a surprise product
  • 13. • From a linear to a circular approach • Waste water as a resource of raw materials, energy and clean water • Cooperation of 22 Dutch water authorities • Shared vision and ambition: route map 2030 Energy and Resource Factory
  • 14. Energy • 9 Energy neutral plants • Green gas for transport • CO2 for industry • Heat for households wwtp Den Bosch: green gas for transport
  • 15. Phosphorus • 8 production locations of fertilizer struvite • 2018: P from ashes at Ecophos (Belgium)
  • 16. Cellulose • 4 production locations for cellulose • Application in asphalt, isolation material, bioplastics
  • 17. Removal of emerging substances • Delta Approach Water Quality and Fresh Water • Chain approach Pharmaceuticals • Joined efforts of Water Boards: Water Factory • 4 pilots: • Powder Activated Carbon (PAC) • Granular Activated Carbon (GAC) • Ozonation with GAC • Pharmafilter for Hospitals
  • 18. Conclusions The Dutch Water Authorities together with partners in the golden triangle are working on an integrated approach for a sustainable waste water treatment: future-proof, innovative and circular

Editor's Notes

  1. - Overview of Waste Water Treatment in the Netherlands.  This would be more of a policy and governance presentation rather than a technical presentation.  Though you should feel free to describe what technologies are now being used and adapted. - Some perspective on your Water Board Vallei-Veluwe. https://www.vallei-veluwe.nl/ would be of interest too since these entities are not known or understood here in the US.  - Overview of Innovations (including energy and resource recovery like cellulose, biogas, struvite, etc as we discussed) as well as Challenges like Pharmaceuticals now entering the environment.
  2. Waterschappen zijn overheidsorganisaties. Je kunt ze vergelijken met een gemeente. Alleen hebben ze een andere taak. De gemeente zorgt voor heel veel verschillende taken binnen een bepaald gebied, het waterschap maar voor één taak: het waterbeheer. (Daarom wordt een gemeente de algemene democratie genoemd en behoort een waterschap tot de functionele democratie. )   De gebieden waar gemeenten over gaan zijn goed afgebakend, er staan zelfs bordjes langs de gemeentegrenzen. Een waterschapsgebied doorkruist vaak gemeenten en provincies. Water laat zich ook niet tegenhouden door gemeentegrenzen. Bestuur Er zijn meer vergelijkingen tussen een waterschap en een gemeente. Het bestuur werkt ongeveer hetzelfde. Hieronder zie je de namen die bij de gemeente gebruikt worden met daartegenover de namen die Waterschap Vallei en Veluwe gebruikt. De taken van de functie zijn min of meer hetzelfde.   Gemeente Waterschap Burgemeester Dijkgraaf Wethouders Heemraden* Gemeenteraad Algemeen Bestuur*   Vragen: Wat zijn de taken van een dijkgraaf? Wie kan de naam van de dijkgraaf van Waterschap Vallei en Veluwe noemen? Wat zijn de taken van een heemraad? Wat is de invloed van een algemeen bestuur? Dijkgraaf De dijkgraaf is de voorzitter van het bestuur. Een dijkgraaf wordt bij Koninklijk Besluit benoemd voor een periode van zes jaar, net als een burgemeester. Dit noemen ze, door de Kroon benoemd. Een dijkgraaf leidt de vergaderingen van het dagelijks en algemeen bestuur en vertegenwoordigt het waterschap naar buiten toe. Bij Waterschap Vallei en Veluwe hebben we sinds maart 2013 een nieuwe dijkgraaf: mevrouw Tanja Klip-Martin. Heemraden Heemraad is een naam die al eeuwen oud is. Vroeger waren heemraden raadsmannen van het heim of heem (stukje grond) die geselecteerd waren uit de grondbezitters. Nu worden heemraden gekozen door de leden van het Algemeen Bestuur. Ze vormen samen met de dijkgraaf het college van Dijkgraaf en Heemraden. Dit college noemen we het dagelijks bestuur van het waterschap. Het dagelijks bestuur mag van het Algemeen Bestuur beslissingen nemen over bepaalde zaken. In ieder geval over zaken die haast hebben en dus niet kunnen wachten tot dat het Algemeen Bestuur bij elkaar is.   Algemeen bestuur In het Algemeen Bestuur van het waterschap zitten de bestuurders die gekozen zijn door de inwoners van het gebied. Zij zijn de directe vertegenwoordigers van de kiezers. Daarnaast zitten er in het algemeen bestuur zogeheten geborgde zetels. Zij nemen alle grote beslissingen. Zij zijn dus gezamenlijk de baas. Over alle beslissingen wordt gestemd. Pas als de meerderheid het ergens mee eens is, dan wordt een plan goedgekeurd. Het Algemeen Bestuur heeft 30 leden en een voorzitter en komt ongeveer één keer per maand bij elkaar. Waterschapsverkiezingen Eens in de vier jaar zijn er waterschapsverkiezingen. Tijdens deze verkiezingen worden nieuwe leden van het Algemeen Bestuur gekozen voor de categorie ingezetenen (burgers). Deze bestuurders worden gekozen door alle inwoners van het gebied (een deel van Utrecht en een deel van Gelderland). In het bestuur zitten ook zogenaamde geborgde zetels. Dit zijn zetels voor bestuurders van een bepaalde belangengroepering. In ons gebied zijn dat agrariërs, bedrijven en natuurorganisaties. Bestuurders voor deze zetels worden door bepaalde organisaties aangedragen. Zo wijst de Land en Tuinbouw organisatie (LTO) drie bestuurders aan, de Kamer van Koophandel drie bestuurders en de Natuurorganisaties twee bestuurders. De gekozen bestuurders zitten voor vier jaar in het bestuur. Daarna moeten ze opnieuw gekozen worden.   Wie mag er stemmen? Stemmen is een recht. Maar het is niet verplicht te gaan stemmen. Iedereen die stemrecht heeft mag dus zelf beslissen om wel of niet te gaan stemmen. Het recht om je stem uit te mogen brengen bij de verkiezingen heet het Kiesrecht. In Nederland hebben in principe alle mensen die op de dag van de verkiezingen 18 jaar of ouder zijn het recht om te stemmen, als je tenminste de Nederlandse nationaliteit hebt en op het moment van de verkiezingen in Nederland woont. Er is een aantal redenen waarom iemand toch niet mag stemmen: Er kan een rechterlijke uitspraak zijn waarin staat dat een persoon niet mag stemmen; Er kan ook een rechterlijke uitspraak zijn dat iemand wegens een geestelijke stoornis niet in staat is om zelf te stemmen. Als iemand op de dag van de verkiezingen in de gevangenis zit (dat heet officieel dat ‘rechtmatig de vrijheid is ontnomen’), dan mag deze persoon iemand anders een machtiging geven om namens hem of haar te stemmen.
  3. ALP
  4. >99 % of the waste water is treated up to standards - Large reduction industrial discharges -> permits and raise of awareness - Enough money to build, operate and maintain waste water infrastructure - Law on pollution of surface water most successful environmental law!!! From the 1970s the quality of the surface water has gradually improved as a result of the so called Surface water pollution Act. ... Leading to large scale investments in wastewater treatment plants. The largest effect became evident in the first fifteen years after the introduction of the pollution tax. A further decrease in discharges was only subsequently achieved at much higher cost and, logically, higher tax rates. The figures show that most point discharges in The Netherlands were almost entirely cleaned up within a period of around 25 years.
  5. Overdracht van afvalwater gereguleerd in vergunningen. Overdracht vindt plaats in overdrachtspunten, bijna altijd zijn dit hoofdrioolgemalen (main sewer pumpingstations) De interactie met oppervlaktewater door de riooloverstorten is ook in vergunningen gereguleerd (net als het effluent van onze eigen RWZI’s). Permits
  6. Full scale research on WWTP Blaricum aims on recovering cellulose from waste water.