The OECD Regional Sustainable Development Division is working on a project on Resilient Cities. This is the overview by Setsuko Saya, Head of Regional Sustainable Development, OECD.
www.oecd.org/regional/regional-policy/
Chapter 2 environmental strategies for building design in tropical climatesLokman Hakim Ismail
LH Ismail (2007). An evaluation of bioclimatic high rise office buildings in a tropical climate: energy consumption and users' satisfaction in selected office buildings in Malaysia. PhD Thesis, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom.
Growing and potential impacts of climate change, such as flooding in coastal areas, change in weather patterns, and melting of the permafrost have created new challenges for the engineering and construction industry. These challenges involve adaptation in the design and construction of projects to address these impacts, as well as developing ways to reduce and controlling greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions to mitigate climate change.
Engineering has the lead responsibility for determining the technical feasibility and cost parameters to overcome these challenges. Engineering and construction projects are implemented with the help of a set of standard documents that lay out the work process of the projects. They include standard design detail drawings, standard design criteria, standard specifications, design guides and work process flow diagrams. Incorporating in these standard documents materials and processes which assist project engineers to identify and assess climate change related impacts can be a major step in effectively preparing to meet the challenges of climate change mitigation and adaptation.
This is a seminar made on sustainable architecture, containing
INTRODUCTION
NEED
METHODS
ELEMENTS
PRINCIPLES
DESIGN STRATEGY
SUSTAINABLE MATERIALS
RENEWABLE ENERGY GENERATION
TYPES
EXAMPLES
REFERENCES.
The OECD Regional Sustainable Development Division is working on a project on Resilient Cities. This is the overview by Setsuko Saya, Head of Regional Sustainable Development, OECD.
www.oecd.org/regional/regional-policy/
Chapter 2 environmental strategies for building design in tropical climatesLokman Hakim Ismail
LH Ismail (2007). An evaluation of bioclimatic high rise office buildings in a tropical climate: energy consumption and users' satisfaction in selected office buildings in Malaysia. PhD Thesis, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom.
Growing and potential impacts of climate change, such as flooding in coastal areas, change in weather patterns, and melting of the permafrost have created new challenges for the engineering and construction industry. These challenges involve adaptation in the design and construction of projects to address these impacts, as well as developing ways to reduce and controlling greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions to mitigate climate change.
Engineering has the lead responsibility for determining the technical feasibility and cost parameters to overcome these challenges. Engineering and construction projects are implemented with the help of a set of standard documents that lay out the work process of the projects. They include standard design detail drawings, standard design criteria, standard specifications, design guides and work process flow diagrams. Incorporating in these standard documents materials and processes which assist project engineers to identify and assess climate change related impacts can be a major step in effectively preparing to meet the challenges of climate change mitigation and adaptation.
This is a seminar made on sustainable architecture, containing
INTRODUCTION
NEED
METHODS
ELEMENTS
PRINCIPLES
DESIGN STRATEGY
SUSTAINABLE MATERIALS
RENEWABLE ENERGY GENERATION
TYPES
EXAMPLES
REFERENCES.
JEG Building Solutions look at some of the best energy efficient building materials on the market today. Long-term energy efficiency is essential for modern construction, to help our planet and cut our energy costs.
Smart Cities greatly affects Urban Planning, Architecture and Art decisions. The reverse is true as well. The right Urban Planning, Architecture and Art can become great magnets to attract Smart People. One cannot have a Smart City w/o all those key ingredients.
Garden City is an incorporated village in Nassau County, New York, United States, in the town of Hempstead.
city of garden city
garden city idaho
garden city cranston ri
garden city beach rentals
garden city hospital
city of garden city idaho
garden city id real estate
garden city high school
GARDEN CITY PPT
Aspects of Urban resilience.
Presented as part of the Nature Addicts workshop, in the context of Eleusis Cultural Capital of Europe 2021 in Eleusis May 23, 2017
Hess City Elements 2014 Pole Lighting systemWalter Wendel
A minimalistic pole lighting system from HESS, Germany for urban spaces. Multi-functional: lighting, WIFI, audio, CCTV, power and water outlets and more...
Sustainable Architecture and Green BuildingDarryl Duffe
A little history of energy efficiency and green building and some of my own work. The verbal part of the presentation talks about how to plan a green building project and look at the building as a system of parts with overlapping function. I also stress in regards to energy, water and material resources that you always do your best design to lower the demand side before you address the supply side. Do More With Less.
Practice- "Just Right Sizing".
Presented at the AIA Design on the Delaware conference, Philadelphia 2007. Focus is stormwater infrastructure executed by landscape architects in collaboration with engineers and architects. Venice Island Park, designed for Philadelphia Water Department is a case study.
JEG Building Solutions look at some of the best energy efficient building materials on the market today. Long-term energy efficiency is essential for modern construction, to help our planet and cut our energy costs.
Smart Cities greatly affects Urban Planning, Architecture and Art decisions. The reverse is true as well. The right Urban Planning, Architecture and Art can become great magnets to attract Smart People. One cannot have a Smart City w/o all those key ingredients.
Garden City is an incorporated village in Nassau County, New York, United States, in the town of Hempstead.
city of garden city
garden city idaho
garden city cranston ri
garden city beach rentals
garden city hospital
city of garden city idaho
garden city id real estate
garden city high school
GARDEN CITY PPT
Aspects of Urban resilience.
Presented as part of the Nature Addicts workshop, in the context of Eleusis Cultural Capital of Europe 2021 in Eleusis May 23, 2017
Hess City Elements 2014 Pole Lighting systemWalter Wendel
A minimalistic pole lighting system from HESS, Germany for urban spaces. Multi-functional: lighting, WIFI, audio, CCTV, power and water outlets and more...
Sustainable Architecture and Green BuildingDarryl Duffe
A little history of energy efficiency and green building and some of my own work. The verbal part of the presentation talks about how to plan a green building project and look at the building as a system of parts with overlapping function. I also stress in regards to energy, water and material resources that you always do your best design to lower the demand side before you address the supply side. Do More With Less.
Practice- "Just Right Sizing".
Presented at the AIA Design on the Delaware conference, Philadelphia 2007. Focus is stormwater infrastructure executed by landscape architects in collaboration with engineers and architects. Venice Island Park, designed for Philadelphia Water Department is a case study.
The team will cover the Current Status of the project (Rembrandt Koppelaar), Water Demands (Xiaonan Wang, Koen H. van Dam), Infrastructure construction (Rembrandt Koppelaar) and Toilet usage (Xiaonan Wang, Koen H. van Dam)
Development of an Open-Source Water Consumption Meter for HousingIEREK Press
This article reports on the project "Design and development of water and gas P.L. measurement devices in the housing: an approach to sustainable consumption in Mexico", prepared at the Metropolitan Autonomous University in the Department of the Environment, whose objective was to develop a device to measure water consumption in the housing, which allows users to know their spending and can make decisions in favor of efficiency through the reduction of water use in household activities. The meter is made up of open source, programmable or reconfigurable software, which receives the signal from a water flow sensor and a casing designed to contain the hardware and facilitate the user's installation. Both the hardware and the casing can be purchased, downloaded, manufactured and assembled at home (Do It Yourself). As specific results were obtained: hardware programming and housing design and as a final result: the assembly of the functional prototype with which measurements of water consumption were made in a housing in Mexico. With this work we conclude that through the development of new accessible and common measurement technologies for the users of a house, it will be possible to promote efficiency in the use of natural resources in cities, increasing availability and promoting a more sustainable urban development.
Development of an Open-Source Water Consumption Meter for HousingIEREK Press
This article reports on the project "Design and development of water and gas P.L. measurement devices in the housing: an approach to sustainable consumption in Mexico", prepared at the Metropolitan Autonomous University in the Department of the Environment, whose objective was to develop a device to measure water consumption in the housing, which allows users to know their spending and can make decisions in favor of efficiency through the reduction of water use in household activities. The meter is made up of open source, programmable or reconfigurable software, which receives the signal from a water flow sensor and a casing designed to contain the hardware and facilitate the user's installation. Both the hardware and the casing can be purchased, downloaded, manufactured and assembled at home (Do It Yourself). As specific results were obtained: hardware programming and housing design and as a final result: the assembly of the functional prototype with which measurements of water consumption were made in a housing in Mexico. With this work we conclude that through the development of new accessible and common measurement technologies for the users of a house, it will be possible to promote efficiency in the use of natural resources in cities, increasing availability and promoting a more sustainable urban development.
IEEE SusTech Global Future of Water Presentation 11/14/17Mark Goldstein
Water remains an essential element for life that plays a central and critical role in all aspects of our national and global economies and environment. We are entering an era of immense water-related threats due to climate change and human actions bringing floods, droughts, reduced water availability, and degraded water quality that threaten communities, nations, and global sociopolitical and economic security.
This presentation covers water futures from a macro level as regions, governments, and industries prepare for and manage increasing water-related threats utilizing traditional and emergent technologies to resolve these issues and provide water and sanitation that address the needs of all. It also will cover water futures from at a more personal and community level featuring technological advances and rediscovery of appropriate technology of the past to forge a water-secure future.
Prof Ni-Bin Chang presented the background review of New York City case study.
Flood impact assessment in mega cities under urban sprawl and climate change kick-off workshop
Ecosystem services for watershed management, Water Planning,Riccardo Rigon
Blal Sdem Esmail Ph.D. defense. Blal talk covers his work on water management seen from the point of view of ecosystem services. He briefly presents two case studies in Germany and Asmara.
A presentation about protecting clean water during construction projects. Presented by Robert Roseen of Geosyntec Consulting during the Buzzards Bay Coalition's 2014 Decision Makers Workshop series. Learn more at www.savebuzzardsbay.org/DecisionMakers
Bill Cesanek, co-chair of the APA Water and Planning Network, discusses the value of land use planning in achieving improved water efficiency for the 2020 Central Texas Water Conservation Symposium hosted by the Texas Living Waters Project.
Andrew Spurgin, Principal Planner for the City of Westminster, Colorado, discusses integrating water and land use for the 2020 Central Texas Water Conservation Symposium hosted by the Texas Living Waters Project.
Sustinable water Infrastructure Through Innovative FinancingIwl Pcu
Purpose: To quantitatively understand the future needs for water investment to:
Address U.S. population growth/economic needs, and renew existing aging infrastructure.
Estimates were made for water and wastewater, investment, cost and payments (2000-2019).
Webinar New England and NL Offshore Wind 4 March 2021Carter Craft
Offshore Wind in New England and the Netherlands:
Building Partnerships for International Business
March 4, 2021. Webinar hosted by Massachusetts Clean Energy Center MASSCEC and Holland Home of Wind Energy HHWE
Living Labs Roundtable / NYC Climate Week 2020/ Part 2 of 2Carter Craft
The Netherlands' Consulate General in New York hosted a webinar September 24 2020. Featured presenters included Saskia Muller of Buiksloterham Circular Lab in Amsterdam and Prof. Masoud Ghandehari of New York University Tandon School of Engineering and the Center for Urban Science & Progress. Professor Ghandehari's presentation is included here.
Living Labs Roundtable NYC Climate Week 2020/ Part 1 of 2Carter Craft
The Netherlands' Consulate General in New York hosted a webinar September 24 2020. Featured presenters included Saskia Muller of Buiksloterham Circular in Amsterdam and Prof. Masoud Ghandehari of New York University Tandon School of Engineering and the Center for Urban Science & Progress. Ms. Muller's presentation is included here.
Rebuild By Design Hoboken - Hudson RiverCarter Craft
This presentation was prepared for Troop 146 of the Boy Scouts of America. Carter Craft, local resident and water planning expert, delivered the presentation on 29 January 2019.
Slideshow by Amy Chester from Rebuild by Design. This presentation was given during "Our Blue Economy" World Water Day breakfast panel on 22nd of March, 2018. This event was organized by the NY Blue Tech Network, and hosted by the Consulate General of the Netherlands and Grand Central Tech.
Our Blue Economy - the MetroPolder CompanyCarter Craft
Slideshow by Friso Klapwijk from the MetroPolder Company. This presentation was given during "Our Blue Economy" World Water Day breakfast panel on 22nd of March, 2018. This event was organized by the NY Blue Tech Network, and hosted by the Consulate General of the Netherlands and Grand Central Tech.
Slideshow by Jenifer Becker from Karp Strategies. This presentation was given during "Our Blue Economy" World Water Day breakfast panel on 22nd of March, 2018. This event was organized by the NY Blue Tech Network, and hosted by the Consulate General of the Netherlands and Grand Central Tech.
Building a Collaborative Culture: Lessons from Rebuild by DesignCarter Craft
On the 5th anniversary of Superstorm Sandy I made an effort to reflect on public outreach and community engagement practices that are undertaken as part of public infrastructure projects. Following the dramatic flood of 2012, billions of dollars are being spent. Is the public's voice and are public values built-in to the planning and design process? What are some best practices and lessons learned? Thanks to the many friends and collaborators who contributed to this. I truly believe Resiliency can save Democracy. I also worry we believe we cannot have one without the other. Thanks especially to the Netherlands Water Partnership whose invitation to Amsterdam to make this presentation at the International Water Week 2017 was the catalyst. Now the story continues to evolve...
Resource Recovery from Water: Best Practices from KWR Watercycle Institute, t...Carter Craft
presentation by Mr. Kees Roest, Programme coordinator, TKI Water technology at the KWR Watercycle Research Institute, location in Nieuwegein, the Netherlands at the Blue Tech Roundtable organized by the Consulate General of the Netherlands in New York, August 2017
AGRISAN: INTEGRATING URBAN AGRICULTURE AND NEW SANITATIONCarter Craft
This presentation was delivered by Rosane Wielemaker at the Blue Tech Roundtable convened by the Consulate General of the Netherlands in New York on 10 August 2017. Ms. Cunha is a PhD candidate in the Sub-department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University, The Netherlands. This presentation focuses on biorecovery, reusable water, and urban systems engineering
Recovery of Calcium Phosphate and Methane from Black WaterCarter Craft
This presentation was delivered by Jorge Ricardo Cunha at the Blue Tech Roundtable convened by the Consulate General of the Netherlands in New York on 10 August 2017. Mr. Cunha is a PhD candidate in the Sub-department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University, The Netherlands. He is conducting this research at the Wetsus Institute in Leeuwarden.
Introduction Blue Tech Roundtable 10 August 2017Carter Craft
On the occasion of the 2nd International Resource Recovery Conference at Columbia University (5-9 August 2017) the office of the Consulate General of the Netherlands in NYC organized roundtable discussion about "Blue Tech." Participants from the Netherlands, Denmark and New York discussed how water is a central element for life but at the same time peripheral in many ways. Questions posed to the group included: what are the current trends that influence how we view water? As a resource? As a threat? What are the major issues and opportunities now in front of us? What constitutes “Blue Tech?” What drives innovation and adoption of new technology and practices? What examples exist for collaboration amongst organizations to help us all become better and more productive stewards of water? Stay tuned to my LinkedIn and slide share feeds are being updated with the presentations from that day as well as report on the discussion.
Waste Water Management in the NetherlandsCarter Craft
This presentation on Waste Water Management in the Netherlands was given by Mr. Henry van Veldhuizen at the "Blue Tech" Roundtable organized by the Office of the Consulate General of the Netherlands in New York. Mr. van Veldhuizen is a Strategic Advisor for the Water Board Vallei en Veluwe. This agency, like many others in the Netherlands, has responsibility for flood defense, drinking water, and waste water management. The Roundtable was held 10 August 2017 in New York.
This presentation of the Water Cycle was given by Ms. Tessa van den Brand at the "Blue Tech" Roundtable organized by the Office of the Consulate General of the Netherlands in New York. Ms. van den Brand is a specialist in the area of Life Cycle Assessment at the KWR Watercycle Institute in the Netherlands. The Roundtable was held 10 August 2017 in New York.
The role of water in society and the world economy is significant and it keeps growing. The days when we could assume adequate and continuous supply throughout our lives are gone. Sea Level Rise and climate change have introduced an entire new subspecialty within the worlds of design and construction. This month I had the opportunity to present a vision for Blue Tech and the the Blue Economy that I believe could be economically viable as well as rooted in the human values of fishable and swimmable water. Thanks Dirk van Peijpe, Gabrielle Muris, Gita Nandan and others for being part of my inspiration these past months. Looking forward!
"Blue Commons" - Shared Cultural Value of Water & Public SpaceCarter Craft
presentation at the "Reclaiming the Estuary" event on March 9, 2017 hosted by Prof Sarah Durand, Laguardia Community College, and Willis Elkins, Newtown Creek Alliance. Presentation by Carter Craft, Sr. Economic Officer, Consulate General of the Netherlands in NYC
Carter Craft final center for architecture April 5 2017Carter Craft
Presentation from last night's panel at the Center for Architecture in NYC. The program was called "Water 2.0, Building a Resilient Community." My presentation was entitled: "Social Resiliency: from Red Hook to Rotterdam and back." Topics I tried to cover included: post-Sandy planning and redevelopment of Red Hook; Pratt Institute's RAMP initiative; the CSO reduction and green infrastructure work of Zehra Kuz and Jaime Stein, and the redevelopment of the RDM Shipyard in Rotterdam as the RDM Campus.
Craft CGNY final world water day columbia march 22 2017smCarter Craft
Green Infrastructure for the “Blue Commons”
Presentation by Carter Craft at SUMA Net Impact "Green Infrastructure," Columbia University. World Water Day 2017
+ Dutch Consulate NYC/ Ministry of Foreign Affairs
+ Sharing the cultural value of water
+ Solving urban problems
+ Examples from Rotterdam, Amsterdam and the Netherlands
Art, Design, Engineering & Climate Change The Sand “Motor” – How Cultural Pro...Carter Craft
Built in 2011 with 21.5 million cubic meters of sand, the Sandmotor (also called the Sand Engine) is the only part of the Netherlands outside the dikes that is exposed to the tides. In designing this installation, the winds as well as the coastal currents were analyzed extensively. Today, the Sand Motor is an engineering work-in-progress, as well as a publicly-accessible open air scientific and artistic laboratory.
Beginning in 2014, the Dutch non-profit "Satellietgroep" began exploring the Sandmotor as a cultural phenomenon. Satellietgroep has hosted artists in residence for artistic fieldwork, connected with locals and experts to develop new concepts, and produced physical works that reflect the resilience of coexistence of humans and water. Similar to the Percent for Art program in New York City and other places in the US, the Satellietgroep's work at the Sandmotor might be an interesting example for other coastal protection and urban resilience projects in the U.S.
Acorn Recovery: Restore IT infra within minutesIP ServerOne
Introducing Acorn Recovery as a Service, a simple, fast, and secure managed disaster recovery (DRaaS) by IP ServerOne. A DR solution that helps restore your IT infra within minutes.
Have you ever wondered how search works while visiting an e-commerce site, internal website, or searching through other types of online resources? Look no further than this informative session on the ways that taxonomies help end-users navigate the internet! Hear from taxonomists and other information professionals who have first-hand experience creating and working with taxonomies that aid in navigation, search, and discovery across a range of disciplines.
0x01 - Newton's Third Law: Static vs. Dynamic AbusersOWASP Beja
f you offer a service on the web, odds are that someone will abuse it. Be it an API, a SaaS, a PaaS, or even a static website, someone somewhere will try to figure out a way to use it to their own needs. In this talk we'll compare measures that are effective against static attackers and how to battle a dynamic attacker who adapts to your counter-measures.
About the Speaker
===============
Diogo Sousa, Engineering Manager @ Canonical
An opinionated individual with an interest in cryptography and its intersection with secure software development.
Sharpen existing tools or get a new toolbox? Contemporary cluster initiatives...Orkestra
UIIN Conference, Madrid, 27-29 May 2024
James Wilson, Orkestra and Deusto Business School
Emily Wise, Lund University
Madeline Smith, The Glasgow School of Art
This presentation by Morris Kleiner (University of Minnesota), was made during the discussion “Competition and Regulation in Professions and Occupations” held at the Working Party No. 2 on Competition and Regulation on 10 June 2024. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found out at oe.cd/crps.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
4. The Next Generation of Water
Vincent Sapienza, P.E.
Commissioner, NYC Department of Environmental Protection
January 24, 2018
5. 5
AIR, NOISE, AND HAZARDOUS WASTE
• Update and enforce the Air Code to reduce local
emissions, and regulate hazardous waste and noise
pollution
About NYC DEP
WATER SUPPLY
• Deliver nearly one billion gallons of water to nine million
New Yorkers every day and maintain 7,000 miles of water
mains
• Protect our 2,000 square mile watershed, including 19
reservoirs and three controlled lakes
WASTEWATER TREATMENT
• Treat 1.3 billion gallons of wastewater each day
• Operate and maintain 14 plants, 96 pumping stations,
and 7,500 miles of sewers
7. 7
Challenge: Climate Change
By 2050s
Air Temperature + 4.1 to 5.7°F
Precipitation + 4 to 11%
Sea Level Rise + 11 to 21 in
New York City Panel on Climate Change 2015 Report,
Building the Knowledge Base for Climate Resiliency
8. 8
Extreme Weather Events
Gilboa Dam - 2011
Heavy rainfall
• Hurricane Irene, August 2011:
16.5” of rain in Schoharie
Reservoir in less than 24 hours
• Tropical Storm Lee, September
2011: additional 8” of rain in the
watershed
• Islip Storm, August 2014; 13.57”
of rain on Long Island
High temperatures
• Droughts or dry conditions
• Increased algae growth
Long Island Expressway - 2014
Ashokan Reservoir - 2016
9. 9
Adapting our Facilities
14 Treatment Plants and 58 Pumping Stations
at Risk of Storm Surge Inundation Elevate
Equipment
Flood-Proof
Equipment
Install
Static
Barrier
Seal
Building
Sandbag
Temporarily
Install
Backup
Power
11. 11
Water Supply Flexibility
11
Kensico-Eastview Tunnel ($1.24 B)Croton Filtration Plant ($3.3 B)
Delaware Aqueduct Bypass Tunnel ($1 B)
HOLD FOR PICTURE
Shaft 4 Interconnection Facility ($41 M)
12. 12
Water Supply Dependability
December 2017: High Quality NYC
Tap Water Receives New Filtration
Waiver
Water Supply Protection Program:
o Agricultural Protection
o Land Acquisition
o Wastewater Programs
o Stream Management Program
14. 14
Challenge: Reducing our Carbon Footprint
Federal & State Mandates
require construction of
energy intensive processes
Citywide Goal to Reduce Greenhouse
Gas Emissions by 80% by 2050
27. The Future of Water in New York
The Next Generation
Eric Fontenot, PE
Head of Department, Urban Water
28. THE FUTURE OF WATER
Matthijs Bouw
founding principal One Architecture
Rockefeller Urban Resilience Fellow, PennDesign/University of Pennsylvania
bouw@onearchitecture.nl
@matthijsbouw
29. IN 2150, PARTS OF NEW YORK WILL BE PERMANENTLY UNDERWATER
Updated projections show median SLR at 9ft at the battery is 2150+
FUTURE OF FREQUENT
TIDAL FLOODS WITH
SLR PROJECTIONS
30. WITH UNCHECKED
POLLUTION, THE MEDIAN
PROJECTION FOR WHEN SEA
LEVEL RISE REACHES 7-10 FT
AT THE BATTERY (VERY LIKELY
RANGE, 2150 - 2200).
Surging Seas Risk Zone map – Climate Central
31. HOW WILL THE
DRAIN SYSTEM WORK
WITH FREQUENT
TIDAL FLOODS?
Manhattan’s
Watershed
Hudson River East River
39. POLDERS – URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE SYSTEM
THE
NETHERLANDS,
JISP, AERIAL,
POLDER
LANDSCAPE
40. INTEGRATED SYSTEM FOR
WATER MANAGEMENT
BASED ON THE DUTCH
POLDER SYSTEM AND USE
OF GREEN AND BLUE
INFRASTRUCTURE
Manhattan’s
Watershed
Hudson River East River
FLOOD
PROTECTION
66. Vincent Sapienza
Commisioner
NYC DEP
Eric Fontenot
Head of Urban Water
DHI Group
Matthijs Bouw
Principle
ONE Architecture
Robert Freudenberg
Vice-President
Regional Plan Association
67. Join us for our next meeting!
Wednesday February 7th 2018 Perkins & Will
“NY Blue Tech” network 215 Park Avenue South
New York, NY
Editor's Notes
.
Higher Resolution Analysis: Risk based level of service: Dynamic Design Storm, Netherlands risk based flood protection policy
Integration of planning & policy: EBMUD private & public rehab review, EBMUD types of rehab work being performed
System performance visualization: allows outcomes & consequences of decisions to be understood and easily interpreted. Can be used to gain political will to make policy changes and gain public acceptance. Examples: Low flow fixtures, water restrictions, etc. Can go beyond this to also influence behavior patterns that aren’t guided by policy, examples are flushables, FOG, etc.