WARM AND HUMID-1.pdf

CLIMATIC RESPONSIVE ARCHITECTURE
ADARSH KUMAR
2nd SEMESTER
A PRESENTATION ON
WARM AND HUMID CLIMATIC ZONE

WARM AND HUMID
CLIMATIC ZONE IN INDIA

WARM AND HUMID
Warm humid climate are found in a belt near the equator extending
to about 150 degree North and South.
Costal areas in South India and hilly area in North East comes under
this region.
Major cities having this climate are Goa, Mumbi, Visakhapatnam,
Chennai etc.
A climate with an excess of moisture, in which the solar heat
received is sufficient to evaporate all moisture occurring the form of
precipitation.
In hot and humid climatic regions, high temperatures are
accompanied by very high humidity levels leading to immense
discomfort.

FEATURES OF WARM AND HUMID CLIMATIC ZONE
 TEMPERATURE
DAY TIME NIGHT TIME
SUMMER
WINTER
30-35° C 25-30° C
25-30° C 20-25° C

 PRECEPITATION
PRECEPIPITATION IS HIGH ABOUTB1200 MM PER YEAR.
 RELATIVE HUMIDITY
VERY HIGH 70%-90% THROUGOUT THE YEAR.

 SOLAR RADIATION
USUALLY DIFUSED RADITION DUE TO CLOUD
COVER OR VAPOUURS IN AIR. INTENSE RADIATION
ON CLEAR DAY.
 LANDSACPE AND VEGETATION
GENERALLY LOW ALTITUDE AND LATITUDE .
RELATIVELY FLAT REGION WITH ABUNDUNT
VEGETATION..

DESIGN OBJECTVES IN
WARM AND HUMID
CLIMATIC ZONES

DESIGN OBJECTIVES IN WARM AND HUMID CLIMATIC ZONES
RESISTING HEAT GAIN
 USING HEAT INSULATING MTERIALS IN BUILDING.
 USING MATERIALS THAT REFLECT MORE AND MORE HEAT.
 INCREASE THE SHADE OF THE BUILDING IN GENERAL.
PROMOTE HEAT LOSS
 PROPER VENTILATION OCCURS THROUGHOUT THE DAY.
 HUMIDITY LEVELS SHOULD BE REDUCED AS MUCH AS POSSIBLE.
 CROSS VENTILATION IS ESSENTIAL IN THIS REGIONS.

DESIGN RECOMMENDATIONS IN WARM AND HUMID CLIMATE
1. SITE
 FOR FLAT SITES, FOR DESIGN CONSIDERATION FOR THE LANDFORM IS IMMATERIAL
 IN CASE OF SLOPES AND DEPRESSIONS, THE BUILDING SHOULD BE LOCATED ON
WINDWARD SITE OR CREST TO TAKE ADVANTAGE OF COOL BREEZE
(B) OPEN SPACE AND BUILD FORM
 BUILDING SHOULD BE SPREAD OUT WITH LARGE SPACES IN BETWEEN FOR
UNRESTRICTED AIR MOVEMENT.
 IN CITIES, BUILDINGS ON SLILTS CAN PROMOTE VENTILATION AND CAUSE COOLING
AT THE GROUND LEVEL.
(A) LANDFORM

2. ORIENTATION
 AS TEMPERATURE IS NOT VERY HIGH, PLANTS AND TRESS CAN SERVE AS LONG AS
HOUSE IS UNDER PROTECTIVE SHADING.
 THE BUILDIG COULD BE LONG AND NARROW TO ALLOW CROSS-VENTILATION.
 THE ORIENTATION OF THE BUILDING SHOULD BE ALONG AXIS IN THE EAST-WEST
DIRECTION AND THE LONGEST FAÇADE IN NORTH SOUTH DIRECTION.
 HEAT AND MOISTURE AREAS LIKE TOILETS AND KITCHEN MUST BE VENTILATED
AND SEPERATED FROM THE REST OF THE STRUCTURE.
 TO PREVENT SOLAR RADIATION LARGER OPENINGS WITH SHADING DEVICES ARE
NECESSARY.
 IN MULTISTORIED BUILDINGS A CENTRAL COURTYARD CAN BE PROVIDED WITH
VENTS AT HUGHER LEVEL TO DRAW AWAY RISING HOT AIR.

3. BUILDING ENVELOPE
 A DOUBLE ROOF WITH A VENTILATED SPACE IN BETWEEN CAN ALSO BE USED TO
PROMOTE AIR FLOW
 IN ADDITION TO PROVIDE SHELTER FROM THE RAIN AND HEAT, THE FORM OF
ROOF SHOULD BE PLANNED TO PROMOTE AIR FLOW.
(A) ROOF

3. BUILDING ENVELOPE
 THE WALL MUST ALSO BE DESIGNED TO PROMOTE AIR FLOW SO AS TO COUNTER
THE PREVELAT HUMIDITY . BAFFLE WALLS, BOTH INSIDE AND OUTSIDE THE
BUILDING CAN HELP TO DIVERT THE FLOW OF WIND INSIDE.
(B) WALLS

MATERIAL RECOMMENDATIONS IN WARM AND HUMID CLIMATE
Building Materials for Walls and Roofs
 Hollow Concrete Blocks are economical, environment
friendly and low maintenance, and have good thermal
insulation, fire resistance and load bearing capacity
.
Also, their strength can be specified according to the
site requirements.
 Timber has good thermal resistance, high heat
storage capacity, and good regulation of humidity as
a warm-humid region has high moisture content.
 Bamboo Roofing Sheet is a successful roofing material
as it has almost similar tensile strength as that of
steel. It is eco-friendly, lightweight, tough and long-
lasting and has minimum fire hazard.

Low cost bamboo housing

 Laterite stone is commonly used for low-cost
constructions in Kerala, Karnataka, Goa and Andhra
Pradesh. Usually, plastered with lime mortar, it
gains strength on exposure to air and sun.
Red Laterite stone construction

 Mangalore tiles are cheap, durable, and eco-friendly
.
They are used in roofs, applied in kitchens and
bathrooms, to remove smoke through air gaps in
between the tiles. They are made up of laterite clay and
placed over sloping roofs in places that experience
heavy rainfall .
Mangalore tiles used in roofs

 Stone is the most ancient building material available
in the form of blocks and can be cut into various sizes
for construction of foundations, walls, columns,
lintels, pavement of roads. They are durable, strong
and economical.
Flat stones and large undressed stones

 Coconut palms are used as a vernacular building
material in Tamil Nadu and Kerala as they are
available in large quantities, cheap, and used for
making thatch and mats from woven leaves. Being eco-
friendly, they are suitable for warm humid regions.
Coconut palm roofs

.
CASE STUDY ON GOLCONDE DORMITORY, PONDICHERRY

.
 Golconde, the first modern reinforced concrete
building in India, remains as one of the most
outstanding examples of climate responsive buildings
in the country.
 Among others, the building’s surrounding vegetation
promoting natural ventilation, its orientation
minimizing solar exposure, the ventilated double roof
reducing indoor temperatures and the louvres
working as solar shading devices are appropriate and
efficient strategies for the Indian tropical climate
context.
 This exemplary case study represents a strong case
for constructing climate responsive buildings which
could address the energy crisis in many countries.

.
Golconde: The First Modernist Building in India

.
PLANNING OF GOLCONDE DORMITORY
Golconde has a simple plan of two long wings, hinged at
the middle with a stairwell. Single rooms are lined up
along a corridor that runs the entire length of the
building. There are three floors, with a half basement
that acts as a utilities space and provides a lovely semi-
open area for an afternoon tea ritual. The long ends of
Golconde are set north to south, leaving only the
short ends with their small surface area directly
exposed to the sun, keeping heat absorption to the
minimum. Possibly the most remarkable feature of the
building is that the entire length, on the front façade
and back wall, is fitted with louvers that can be opened
and shut as per the weather. Every morning.

.
PLANNING OF GOLCONDE DORMITORY

.
Operable louvers along the length of the building
make it possible to open it.

.
ABOUT THE ROOF AND FACDE .
THE ROOF IS MADE OF LARGE AND THIN PRECAST CURVED CEMENT CONCRETE
ELEMENTS CREATING A VENTILATED SPACE OVER THE THIRD FLOOR CONCRETE SLAB.
THE ENDS OF THESE PRECAST CURVED ELEMENTS ON THE NORTH AND SOUTH ARE
SEALED WITH PERFORATED CONCRETE SLABS. THE DOUBLE ROOF WAS IMPORTANT
BECAUSE OF THE ALMOST CONTINUAL INTENSE HEAT OF TH TROPICS : THE
CONVECTION OF THE AIR KEEPS THE TOP FLOOR ROOMS ALMOST COOL AS THE ONE
BELOW.
BOTH NORTH AND SOUTH FACADES ARE FULLY OPENABLE WITH LOUVERS, WHICH CAN
BE FULLY OPENED, HALF OPENED OR CLOSED BY A SERIES OF SIMPLE STATE OF THE
ART BARS WTH NOTCHES TO ADJUST THE ANGLES. INTERESTINGLY , ALL ALONG THE
NORTH FAÇADE THERE IS FIRST THE CORRIDOR WHICH CONNECTS ALL THESE ROOMS .
THE DECISION TO KEEP THE CORRIDOR IS AN IMPORTANT ONE SINCE GOLCONDE IS
SITUATED ON 12 DEG. NORTH LATITUDE, WITH SUMMER SUN PENETRATING ON THE
NORTH. THIS IS HOW THE ROOMS ARE KEPT COOL, ALL THE YEAR AROUND, EVEN IN
HOT WEATHER.

.
ROOF OF GOLCODE DORMITORY.

.
THANK YOU………
A PRESENTATION BY ADARSH KUMAR

WARM AND HUMID-1.pdf

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