5th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2014 Integrative Risk Management - The role of science, technology & practice 24-28 August 2014 in Davos, Switzerland
5th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2014 Integrative Risk Management - The role of science, technology & practice 24-28 August 2014 in Davos, Switzerland
New threats to human security
in the Anthropocene
Demanding greater solidarity
New threats to human security in the Anthropocene
Demanding greater solidarity- UNDP report 2022
This report delineates the pressures of water scarcity on countries during the onset of prolonged drought / frequent floods with the objective of highlighting best practices, scalable interventions that integrate uncertainties and risk into the water governance architecture.
It is written by Dr Sanchita Talukdar and was commissioned and paid for by me.
It deals with the South African water crisis from a global point of view.
Vulnerability is the degree to which a population, individual or organization is unable to anticipate, cope with, resist and recover from the impacts of disasters.
Environmental health in emergencies and disasters: a practical guide. (WHO, 2002)
Children, pregnant women, elderly people, malnourished people, and people who are ill or immune compromised, are particularly vulnerable when a disaster strikes, and take a relatively high share of the disease burden associated with emergencies. Poverty – and its common consequences such as malnutrition, homelessness, poor housing and destitution – is a major contributor to vulnerability.
Help to this group must be planned
Tourism Industry amid Pandemics Comparative Assessment of Past Outbreaks and ...ijtsrd
Covid 19 has reportedly shattered all previous records of outbreaks. Never a one expected the outbreak, which began in late December 2019, to spread quickly all across the globe, be devastating, and turn the global business upside down. SARS, Ebola Virus Disease EVD , MERS CoV, and other diseases brought about modest casualities in a smaller geographic area, therefore, Covid 19 was predicted to behave similarly at first. But this was not the case. Humans continuously lost their lives and faced financial hardships. Undoubtedly, tourism is amongst the most troubled industries. This research is a review of the literature. On the basis of facts and figures and prior studies, a comparison of the effects of prior outbreaks vis a vis Covid 19 on the tourism business has been attempted in this paper. Covid 19 and previous epidemics are so dissimilar, based on the facts and statistics gathered, that they cant be compared. Covid 19 has been the most hazardous viruses to live with owing to its instant spread, geographic distribution, several individuals who have died as a result of it, and the negative implications it has had across the region. Rajeev Ranjan Mishra | Pallavi Tandon "Tourism Industry amid Pandemics: Comparative Assessment of Past Outbreaks and Covid-19" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd46434.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/tourism/46434/tourism-industry-amid-pandemics-comparative-assessment-of-past-outbreaks-and-covid19/rajeev-ranjan-mishra
Climate change is anticipated to increase risks from natural hazards like flooding, hurricanes, and landslides. More extreme weather and rising sea levels will displace populations and damage infrastructure. Crop production and food supplies will also be impacted. To reduce risks, we must address underlying vulnerabilities and lack of preparation. Sustainable emergency management requires local involvement, updated plans, resources and building resilience through redundant systems and capacity development. Disaster risks are also linked to poverty, inequality and lack of good governance.
Presentation by Vinod Thomas, Director General, Indepedent Evaluation at ADB during the Asia-Pacific Economic Association 10th Annual Conference, 11 July 2014, Bangkok, Thailand.
5th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2014 Integrative Risk Management - The role of science, technology & practice 24-28 August 2014 in Davos, Switzerland
New threats to human security
in the Anthropocene
Demanding greater solidarity
New threats to human security in the Anthropocene
Demanding greater solidarity- UNDP report 2022
This report delineates the pressures of water scarcity on countries during the onset of prolonged drought / frequent floods with the objective of highlighting best practices, scalable interventions that integrate uncertainties and risk into the water governance architecture.
It is written by Dr Sanchita Talukdar and was commissioned and paid for by me.
It deals with the South African water crisis from a global point of view.
Vulnerability is the degree to which a population, individual or organization is unable to anticipate, cope with, resist and recover from the impacts of disasters.
Environmental health in emergencies and disasters: a practical guide. (WHO, 2002)
Children, pregnant women, elderly people, malnourished people, and people who are ill or immune compromised, are particularly vulnerable when a disaster strikes, and take a relatively high share of the disease burden associated with emergencies. Poverty – and its common consequences such as malnutrition, homelessness, poor housing and destitution – is a major contributor to vulnerability.
Help to this group must be planned
Tourism Industry amid Pandemics Comparative Assessment of Past Outbreaks and ...ijtsrd
Covid 19 has reportedly shattered all previous records of outbreaks. Never a one expected the outbreak, which began in late December 2019, to spread quickly all across the globe, be devastating, and turn the global business upside down. SARS, Ebola Virus Disease EVD , MERS CoV, and other diseases brought about modest casualities in a smaller geographic area, therefore, Covid 19 was predicted to behave similarly at first. But this was not the case. Humans continuously lost their lives and faced financial hardships. Undoubtedly, tourism is amongst the most troubled industries. This research is a review of the literature. On the basis of facts and figures and prior studies, a comparison of the effects of prior outbreaks vis a vis Covid 19 on the tourism business has been attempted in this paper. Covid 19 and previous epidemics are so dissimilar, based on the facts and statistics gathered, that they cant be compared. Covid 19 has been the most hazardous viruses to live with owing to its instant spread, geographic distribution, several individuals who have died as a result of it, and the negative implications it has had across the region. Rajeev Ranjan Mishra | Pallavi Tandon "Tourism Industry amid Pandemics: Comparative Assessment of Past Outbreaks and Covid-19" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd46434.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/tourism/46434/tourism-industry-amid-pandemics-comparative-assessment-of-past-outbreaks-and-covid19/rajeev-ranjan-mishra
Climate change is anticipated to increase risks from natural hazards like flooding, hurricanes, and landslides. More extreme weather and rising sea levels will displace populations and damage infrastructure. Crop production and food supplies will also be impacted. To reduce risks, we must address underlying vulnerabilities and lack of preparation. Sustainable emergency management requires local involvement, updated plans, resources and building resilience through redundant systems and capacity development. Disaster risks are also linked to poverty, inequality and lack of good governance.
Presentation by Vinod Thomas, Director General, Indepedent Evaluation at ADB during the Asia-Pacific Economic Association 10th Annual Conference, 11 July 2014, Bangkok, Thailand.
This document discusses mobile marketing trends and strategies. Some key statistics include that as of June 2012, 54.9% of US mobile subscribers used smartphones, 64% of US adults used 3G networks, and over 40 million tablets were sold in the US in the past two years. It also notes that 15% of all searches are now done on mobile phones and 8% of ecommerce is mobile. The document provides examples of mobile marketing campaigns and recommends marketers consider where consumers are, what they need, what devices they have, and what existing content can be adapted, when developing mobile strategies.
Models represent database tables and contain business logic and object rules. A model is generated using a generator command and tied into the Rails infrastructure using migrations and the schema file. Models allow CRUD (create, read, update, delete) actions on data through ActiveRecord methods. Validations add rules to ensure data integrity.
The document discusses database migrations in Ruby on Rails. It explains that migrations provide a way to alter the database schema and structure over time in a way that is database independent and reversible. Migrations are represented as classes and contain up and down methods that modify the database schema and allow rolling changes back if needed. Common migration methods like create_table, add_column, and remove_column are used to make changes to the database.
The document summarizes key topics from a Ruby on Rails lab on active record associations. It discusses how to add and delete orders, use primary and foreign keys to connect models, and the different types of associations like has_one, has_many, belongs_to, and has_and_belongs_to_many. It also covers association options, polymorphic associations, self joins, counter caches, and the :touch option.
This document outlines specifications for steel castings made of austenitic manganese steel and alloy modifications. It specifies the chemical composition requirements, heat treatment processes, permissible repairs by welding, and optional supplementary testing requirements such as bend tests. The standard is intended to ensure castings meet requirements for toughness, ductility and other properties by specifying allowed chemical compositions and procedures for processing the material.
El documento describe las reformas educativas implementadas en México durante el periodo de José Vasconcelos como Secretario de Educación Pública entre 1922 y 1924. Vasconcelos impulsó programas para combatir el analfabetismo, expandir la educación rural e impulsar las bellas artes. Se establecieron escuelas primarias elementales y superiores con contenidos como lenguaje, aritmética, geografía e historia de México. También se fundaron las primeras escuelas normales rurales para formar maestros del campo.
Carlos Ruiz is seeking an imaging engineering position with opportunities for advancement. He has over 20 years of experience in the medical industry, with a focus on radiology equipment over the past 15 years. His background includes military and vendor training along with strong problem-solving skills. He is currently an imaging service engineer at AMITA Health, where he oversees and maintains various imaging systems across multiple facilities.
This document discusses AIDS and race relations in New York City during the 1980s. It focuses on how AIDS disproportionately impacted African Americans and other minority groups due to lack of education and medical support. Racial stigma led people to believe AIDS was a "gay disease" and ignore its spread among minorities. Government neglect exacerbated the epidemic in minority and low-income communities. The document examines individual accounts and statistics to argue that racism prevented an effective response to the AIDS crisis.
This document discusses search marketing strategies. It begins by explaining the difference between SEO (search engine optimization) and SEM (search engine marketing). It then provides statistics on search engine usage, with Google having the largest market share at 66.8%. The document outlines content marketing strategies for search, such as understanding your audience and creating shareable content. It also discusses social SEO, search remarketing to recapture visitors, and new paid search extension features from Google. The goal of the strategies discussed is to drive traffic and convert visitors into customers.
Six Sigma is a structured process for defining, measuring, and controlling opportunities for improvement in repetitive processes. It can significantly reduce defects in healthcare by focusing on operational efficiency and translating patient needs into defined tasks. While Six Sigma is misunderstood in some healthcare organizations, it does not sacrifice clinical quality or cut costs at the expense of patients. Key elements for successful Six Sigma implementation include focusing on patient requirements, designing processes to meet them, measuring performance, involving staff, and using a systematic problem-solving approach with senior management support. Healthcare systems often look outside for experts to initially launch Six Sigma programs and improve integration of new technologies.
2013_06_11 Union City DB Presentation Revision 04-For DistributionHoward Der
The Dumbarton Express bus service connects areas of Alameda, San Mateo, and Santa Clara counties via the Dumbarton Bridge. AC Transit administers the service and the Dumbarton Bridge Regional Operations Consortium provides oversight. Funding was previously split between consortium members but is now provided by $2.2 million in regional funds. The service operates on two routes with frequencies of every 30-45 minutes. Ridership has increased to nearly 1,200 daily passengers following service enhancements including increased frequency, extended hours and routes, and marketing initiatives.
This certificate verifies that Jonathan Endelman participated in the Center for Arabic Study Abroad (CASA) program at the American University in Cairo during the summer and fall of 2010. Due to unrest in Egypt, the CASA program closed in spring 2011 and students completed their study through an alternate Arabic language program at AUC. The certificate lists the courses Endelman took and the grades he received through CASA in summer and fall 2010 and the alternate program in spring 2011, showing that he received mostly A-level grades.
Pat Dowling, Deputy Chief Executive, Limerick City and County CouncilInvestnet
This document summarizes the roles and responsibilities of local authorities and public health in Ireland. It discusses how local authorities provide services related to housing, transportation, water, planning, recreation and more. It also outlines the typical structure of local government and defines health and public health. The document focuses on the specific work of Limerick City and County Council, including regeneration programs, education and learning initiatives, health and wellbeing projects, and strategies to promote community participation.
The poem discusses the nature and journey of the soul. It describes the soul as a mixture of neon and hydrogen that travels after leaving the body to either heaven or hell. It faces torture during its travels and is rewarded or punished in the afterlife depending on its karma in life. The soul resides in the heart but is beyond dreams and as powerful as light. After death, the soul takes on a small, imperceptible form during rituals before facing its fate in the afterlife for its good or bad actions. The poem encourages joining the religion to do good karma and avoid rotting in hell.
This document appears to be the agenda for a Wildix Convention in 2016. It includes summaries of the company's performance and growth in 2015, plans for new products and marketing initiatives in 2016, and discussions of strategies around areas like cloud services, system integrators, and development practices. Key points include a 19% increase in global revenues in 2015, upcoming support for video and integration with security/automation systems, and a new development approach involving more frequent releases.
The document discusses rare photos from 1911 showing Niagara Falls frozen over. It references that people may have heard about Niagara Falls freezing in the past but never seen actual photos from when it happened. The summary provides the context that the document contains old photos from 1911 depicting Niagara Falls frozen.
5th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2014 Integrative Risk Management - The role of science, technology & practice 24-28 August 2014 in Davos, Switzerland
TYUBEE-Assessment of vulnerability of rural households to climate hazards-ID1...Global Risk Forum GRFDavos
This study assessed the vulnerability of rural households to climate hazards in mountainous areas of Kwande Local Government Area, Benue State, Nigeria. The objectives were to investigate major climate hazards, analyze variation in household vulnerability levels, and assess adaptation strategies. Regarding climate hazards, erosion and flooding were most frequent while landslides caused the most damage. A vulnerability assessment of 50 households found that adaptive capacity factors like healthcare and roads were most vulnerable. Household vulnerability scores averaged 5.3 out of 7, indicating significant vulnerability. Common adaptation strategies included changing agriculture, relocating, and changing livelihoods.
5th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2014 Integrative Risk Management - The role of science, technology & practice 24-28 August 2014 in Davos, Switzerland
This document discusses mobile marketing trends and strategies. Some key statistics include that as of June 2012, 54.9% of US mobile subscribers used smartphones, 64% of US adults used 3G networks, and over 40 million tablets were sold in the US in the past two years. It also notes that 15% of all searches are now done on mobile phones and 8% of ecommerce is mobile. The document provides examples of mobile marketing campaigns and recommends marketers consider where consumers are, what they need, what devices they have, and what existing content can be adapted, when developing mobile strategies.
Models represent database tables and contain business logic and object rules. A model is generated using a generator command and tied into the Rails infrastructure using migrations and the schema file. Models allow CRUD (create, read, update, delete) actions on data through ActiveRecord methods. Validations add rules to ensure data integrity.
The document discusses database migrations in Ruby on Rails. It explains that migrations provide a way to alter the database schema and structure over time in a way that is database independent and reversible. Migrations are represented as classes and contain up and down methods that modify the database schema and allow rolling changes back if needed. Common migration methods like create_table, add_column, and remove_column are used to make changes to the database.
The document summarizes key topics from a Ruby on Rails lab on active record associations. It discusses how to add and delete orders, use primary and foreign keys to connect models, and the different types of associations like has_one, has_many, belongs_to, and has_and_belongs_to_many. It also covers association options, polymorphic associations, self joins, counter caches, and the :touch option.
This document outlines specifications for steel castings made of austenitic manganese steel and alloy modifications. It specifies the chemical composition requirements, heat treatment processes, permissible repairs by welding, and optional supplementary testing requirements such as bend tests. The standard is intended to ensure castings meet requirements for toughness, ductility and other properties by specifying allowed chemical compositions and procedures for processing the material.
El documento describe las reformas educativas implementadas en México durante el periodo de José Vasconcelos como Secretario de Educación Pública entre 1922 y 1924. Vasconcelos impulsó programas para combatir el analfabetismo, expandir la educación rural e impulsar las bellas artes. Se establecieron escuelas primarias elementales y superiores con contenidos como lenguaje, aritmética, geografía e historia de México. También se fundaron las primeras escuelas normales rurales para formar maestros del campo.
Carlos Ruiz is seeking an imaging engineering position with opportunities for advancement. He has over 20 years of experience in the medical industry, with a focus on radiology equipment over the past 15 years. His background includes military and vendor training along with strong problem-solving skills. He is currently an imaging service engineer at AMITA Health, where he oversees and maintains various imaging systems across multiple facilities.
This document discusses AIDS and race relations in New York City during the 1980s. It focuses on how AIDS disproportionately impacted African Americans and other minority groups due to lack of education and medical support. Racial stigma led people to believe AIDS was a "gay disease" and ignore its spread among minorities. Government neglect exacerbated the epidemic in minority and low-income communities. The document examines individual accounts and statistics to argue that racism prevented an effective response to the AIDS crisis.
This document discusses search marketing strategies. It begins by explaining the difference between SEO (search engine optimization) and SEM (search engine marketing). It then provides statistics on search engine usage, with Google having the largest market share at 66.8%. The document outlines content marketing strategies for search, such as understanding your audience and creating shareable content. It also discusses social SEO, search remarketing to recapture visitors, and new paid search extension features from Google. The goal of the strategies discussed is to drive traffic and convert visitors into customers.
Six Sigma is a structured process for defining, measuring, and controlling opportunities for improvement in repetitive processes. It can significantly reduce defects in healthcare by focusing on operational efficiency and translating patient needs into defined tasks. While Six Sigma is misunderstood in some healthcare organizations, it does not sacrifice clinical quality or cut costs at the expense of patients. Key elements for successful Six Sigma implementation include focusing on patient requirements, designing processes to meet them, measuring performance, involving staff, and using a systematic problem-solving approach with senior management support. Healthcare systems often look outside for experts to initially launch Six Sigma programs and improve integration of new technologies.
2013_06_11 Union City DB Presentation Revision 04-For DistributionHoward Der
The Dumbarton Express bus service connects areas of Alameda, San Mateo, and Santa Clara counties via the Dumbarton Bridge. AC Transit administers the service and the Dumbarton Bridge Regional Operations Consortium provides oversight. Funding was previously split between consortium members but is now provided by $2.2 million in regional funds. The service operates on two routes with frequencies of every 30-45 minutes. Ridership has increased to nearly 1,200 daily passengers following service enhancements including increased frequency, extended hours and routes, and marketing initiatives.
This certificate verifies that Jonathan Endelman participated in the Center for Arabic Study Abroad (CASA) program at the American University in Cairo during the summer and fall of 2010. Due to unrest in Egypt, the CASA program closed in spring 2011 and students completed their study through an alternate Arabic language program at AUC. The certificate lists the courses Endelman took and the grades he received through CASA in summer and fall 2010 and the alternate program in spring 2011, showing that he received mostly A-level grades.
Pat Dowling, Deputy Chief Executive, Limerick City and County CouncilInvestnet
This document summarizes the roles and responsibilities of local authorities and public health in Ireland. It discusses how local authorities provide services related to housing, transportation, water, planning, recreation and more. It also outlines the typical structure of local government and defines health and public health. The document focuses on the specific work of Limerick City and County Council, including regeneration programs, education and learning initiatives, health and wellbeing projects, and strategies to promote community participation.
The poem discusses the nature and journey of the soul. It describes the soul as a mixture of neon and hydrogen that travels after leaving the body to either heaven or hell. It faces torture during its travels and is rewarded or punished in the afterlife depending on its karma in life. The soul resides in the heart but is beyond dreams and as powerful as light. After death, the soul takes on a small, imperceptible form during rituals before facing its fate in the afterlife for its good or bad actions. The poem encourages joining the religion to do good karma and avoid rotting in hell.
This document appears to be the agenda for a Wildix Convention in 2016. It includes summaries of the company's performance and growth in 2015, plans for new products and marketing initiatives in 2016, and discussions of strategies around areas like cloud services, system integrators, and development practices. Key points include a 19% increase in global revenues in 2015, upcoming support for video and integration with security/automation systems, and a new development approach involving more frequent releases.
The document discusses rare photos from 1911 showing Niagara Falls frozen over. It references that people may have heard about Niagara Falls freezing in the past but never seen actual photos from when it happened. The summary provides the context that the document contains old photos from 1911 depicting Niagara Falls frozen.
5th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2014 Integrative Risk Management - The role of science, technology & practice 24-28 August 2014 in Davos, Switzerland
TYUBEE-Assessment of vulnerability of rural households to climate hazards-ID1...Global Risk Forum GRFDavos
This study assessed the vulnerability of rural households to climate hazards in mountainous areas of Kwande Local Government Area, Benue State, Nigeria. The objectives were to investigate major climate hazards, analyze variation in household vulnerability levels, and assess adaptation strategies. Regarding climate hazards, erosion and flooding were most frequent while landslides caused the most damage. A vulnerability assessment of 50 households found that adaptive capacity factors like healthcare and roads were most vulnerable. Household vulnerability scores averaged 5.3 out of 7, indicating significant vulnerability. Common adaptation strategies included changing agriculture, relocating, and changing livelihoods.
5th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2014 Integrative Risk Management - The role of science, technology & practice 24-28 August 2014 in Davos, Switzerland
The document discusses challenges facing agriculture in Central Asia due to climate change and water reservoirs. It notes that the region is experiencing rapid population growth, limited arable land, and impacts from water reservoirs. Adaptation approaches need to focus on increasing agricultural land and water productivity through new technologies, irrigation improvements, and drought/stress-resistant crop varieties. The effects of glacial melt and reservoirs on local climate and agriculture are also examined.
This document discusses the effects of drought and land degradation on agriculture in several regions. It finds that there is medium confidence that some areas have experienced more intense and longer droughts in recent decades, particularly in Southern Europe, West Africa, and East Asia. It also finds medium confidence that some regions may see increased drought duration and intensity, especially in the Mediterranean, Central North America, and Southern Africa. The document analyzes drought hazard, land degradation, exposure of croplands, rangelands and forests. It also examines drought vulnerability based on economic, population and land use indicators. Countries are ranked based on drought hazard, land degradation levels and percentage of areas affected by both.
5th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2014 Integrative Risk Management - The role of science, technology & practice 24-28 August 2014 in Davos, Switzerland
5th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2014 Integrative Risk Management - The role of science, technology & practice 24-28 August 2014 in Davos, Switzerland
Socio-economic development and availability of water are strongly interrelated.
Advances in water related engineering, technology and management have been central to progress in human development.
Today water remains central to many aspects of socio-economic development – key to energy and food production (nexus) and other areas of human endeavor.
5th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2014 Integrative Risk Management - The role of science, technology & practice 24-28 August 2014 in Davos, Switzerland
Mainstreaming Climate Change in Gender Programming – Leisa Perch Team Leader, Rural and Sustainable Development IPC-IG/UNDP organized for UNIFEM Brazil and Southern Cone The Case for Why?
Gender inequalities intersect with climate risks and vulnerabilities. Women’s historic disadvantages – their limited access to resources, restricted rights, and a muted voice in shaping decisions – make them highly vulnerable to climate change. Climate change is likely to magnify existing patterns of gender disadvantage.
Gender And Climate Change – Unifem Brazil August12011Ln Perch
Mainstreaming Climate Change in Gender Programming – Leisa Perch Team Leader, Rural and Sustainable Development IPC-IG/UNDP organized for UNIFEM Brazil and Southern Cone The Case for Why?
Gender inequalities intersect with climate risks and vulnerabilities. Women’s historic disadvantages – their limited access to resources, restricted rights, and a muted voice in shaping decisions – make them highly vulnerable to climate change. Climate change is likely to magnify existing patterns of gender disadvantage.
Mainstreaming Climate Change in Gender Programming – Leisa Perch Team Leader, Rural and Sustainable Development IPC-IG/UNDP organized for UNIFEM Brazil and Southern Cone The Case for Why?
The document discusses how climate change impacts gender inequalities and vulnerabilities. Women's historic disadvantages like limited access to resources and restricted rights make them highly vulnerable to climate change impacts. The nature of vulnerability varies widely between contexts. Climate change is likely to magnify existing patterns of gender disadvantage.
Klingbeil., R., 2017. Water Resources in the Middle East and North Africa – Challenges and Way Forward. Presentation in the Seminar "International Water Issues", Master Program Hydro Science & Engineering, TU Dresden, 18 Apr 2017.
This document provides an overview of environmental migration trends and policy developments in 2014. Some key points:
- 19.3 million people were displaced globally due to natural disasters in 2014, with Asia being the worst affected region.
- Slow-onset impacts like drought and land degradation are also significant drivers of human mobility but lack quantitative data.
- International climate policies recognized environmental migration at COP20 and the Sendai Framework addressed disaster displacement.
- Regional bodies like the EU and Nansen Initiative advanced understanding of environmental migration in policies and initiatives.
- National policies are also increasingly integrating environmental factors into adaptation, disaster risk reduction, and development plans.
Session 1 - Global Forum Water-Energy-Food Nexus, November 2014, SadoffOECD Environment
This document discusses the objectives and findings of the Global Dialogue on Water Security and Sustainable Growth task force. The task force aims to understand how water security impacts economic growth. Key findings include:
1) Water insecurity significantly limits economic growth globally and across all economies. Hydrological variability, like drought and floods, is a major causal factor.
2) The largest economic risks are related to inadequate water supply and sanitation, floods, and droughts/water scarcity. Many of the largest risks are in South Asia, Africa, and parts of Latin America and Asia.
3) Countries' pathways to water security depend on context and sequencing of investments in infrastructure and institutions over time. Case studies provide lessons
The Role of Science and Technology in the Dilemma of Drought and Food Securit...Global Risk Forum GRFDavos
The document discusses the challenges of drought and food insecurity in the Arab region. It notes that the region is highly water scarce and dependent on food imports. Climate change is exacerbating drought conditions, reducing agricultural yields and threatening food security. Science and technology can help address this dilemma in several ways. Improving drought-resistant crops and sustainable water management through techniques like irrigation efficiency and water harvesting can increase food production with less water. Conservation agriculture and resilient ecosystem approaches can also help build adaptation. However, comprehensive drought strategies, policies, investment in agricultural research, and international support are still needed to strengthen resilience against climate change in the region.
Leveraging City-Basin Governance to Boost Water Security in African Municipal...Kayode Fayemi
I had the honour of speaking at a Ministers-Mayors Dialogue, titled "A City-Basin Approach to Water Security in Africa: Solutions and Commitments," which was organised by the United Cities and Local Governments of Africa (UCLG-Africa) and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) during the UN's 2023 Water Conference in New York.
This event provided an opportunity to discuss how city-basin governance can be leveraged to enhance water security in African municipalities and unlock their potential to achieve SDG 6 through the Action Plan of Mayors, Local and Regional Governments for Water Security.
Please refer to this document for my full presentation.
5th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2014 Integrative Risk Management - The role of science, technology & practice 24-28 August 2014 in Davos, Switzerland
What lasting solutions to desertification - land degration issues lecture i...Luc Gnacadja
What lasting solutions to Desertification Land degradation and Drought issues in the context of "The Future We Want"?
Outline
1). Land as a strategic commodity in the Nexus of Poverty-Food-Energy-Water
2). Understanding Land degradation, Desertification and Drought
3). The UNCCD from Rio Summit (1992) to Rio+20
4). Land-degradation neutral world: a holistic framework for lasting solutions?
5). The reasons for hope
Similar to Wadid Erian 25 Aug 5 00 _ Syria-Drought Risk & Resilience_ IDRC14 (1) (20)
6th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2016 Integrative Risk Management - Towards Resilient Cities. 28 August - 01 September 2016 in Davos, Switzerland
Disaster risk reduction and nursing - human science research the view of surv...Global Risk Forum GRFDavos
6th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2016 Integrative Risk Management - Towards Resilient Cities. 28 August - 01 September 2016 in Davos, Switzerland
Global alliance of disaster research institutes (GADRI) discussion session, A...Global Risk Forum GRFDavos
Global Alliance of Disaster Research Institutes (GADRI) aims to reduce disaster risk and increase resilience through interdisciplinary research. GADRI brings together institutions to support research efforts through cooperation instead of competition. It also guides new researchers and maintains institutional memory to build upon past work. Some challenges GADRI may face include coordinating a global alliance. Solutions include facilitating cooperative work between members and guiding the expanding field of disaster reduction research.
Towards a safe, secure and sustainable energy supply the role of resilience i...Global Risk Forum GRFDavos
The document discusses concepts related to ensuring a safe, secure, and sustainable energy supply. It introduces the concepts of risk assessment, resilience management, security of supply, sustainability, and multi-criteria decision analysis. It then presents a case study from the EU SECURE project that used these concepts to evaluate policy scenarios according to various environmental, economic, social, and security indicators. The study found that global climate policy scenarios generally performed best, though they were vulnerable to certain shocks like nuclear accidents or carbon capture failures. Overall policies that reduced fossil fuel use and led to greater diversification of energy sources and imports improved sustainability and security.
Making Hard Choices An Analysis of Settlement Choices and Willingness to Retu...Global Risk Forum GRFDavos
1) The document analyzes data from surveys of Syrian refugees in Turkey to understand their choices regarding returning to Syria, staying in Turkey, or migrating elsewhere.
2) It finds that as the duration of living as a refugee increases, the probability of returning to Syria decreases significantly, while the likelihood of migrating to another country increases.
3) Refugees who experienced greater damage, losses, or deaths due to the war in Syria are less likely to return and more likely to migrate internationally in search of asylum.
The Relocation Challenges in Coastal Urban Centers Options and Limitations, A...Global Risk Forum GRFDavos
6th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2016 Integrative Risk Management - Towards Resilient Cities. 28 August - 01 September 2016 in Davos, Switzerland
6th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2016 Integrative Risk Management - Towards Resilient Cities. 28 August - 01 September 2016 in Davos, Switzerland
Involving the Mining Sector in Achieving Land Degradation Neutrality, Simone ...Global Risk Forum GRFDavos
6th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2016 Integrative Risk Management - Towards Resilient Cities. 28 August - 01 September 2016 in Davos, Switzerland
Disaster Risk Reduction and Nursing - Human Science research the view of surv...Global Risk Forum GRFDavos
6th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2016 Integrative Risk Management - Towards Resilient Cities. 28 August - 01 September 2016 in Davos, Switzerland
Training and awareness raising in Critical Infrastructure Protection & Resili...Global Risk Forum GRFDavos
6th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2016 Integrative Risk Management - Towards Resilient Cities. 28 August - 01 September 2016 in Davos, Switzerland
IDRC Davos 2016 - Workshop Awareness Raising, Education and Training - Capaci...Global Risk Forum GRFDavos
6th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2016 Integrative Risk Management - Towards Resilient Cities. 28 August - 01 September 2016 in Davos, Switzerland
The document summarizes the Global Alliance of Disaster Research Institutes (GADRI). GADRI is a global network of over 100 disaster research institutes that aims to enhance disaster risk reduction through knowledge sharing. It holds symposia, workshops, and other events on topics like flash floods, earthquakes, and geohazards. Notable upcoming events include the Third Global Summit of Research Institutes for Disaster Risk Reduction in 2017. GADRI's goals are to establish collaborative research initiatives, form international working groups, and disseminate findings to influence disaster policy.
The document discusses capacity development for disaster risk reduction at the national and local levels. It explores strengths and weaknesses of current DRR capacity development efforts, and presents UNITAR's contribution through a new K4Resilience hub initiative. The initiative aims to strengthen DRR capacity development at national and sub-national levels by transferring knowledge and technology, advocating for positive change, achieving economies of scale in training, and facilitating peer-to-peer learning and mainstreaming of knowledge through strategies at the national and sub-national levels.
Dynamic factors influencing the post-disaster resettlement success Lessons fr...Global Risk Forum GRFDavos
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6th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2016 Integrative Risk Management - Towards Resilient Cities. 28 August - 01 September 2016 in Davos, Switzerland
1. DROUGHT RISK ASSESSMENT IN SYRIA
AND RESILIENCE BASED RESPONSES
5th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2014
‘Integrative Risk Management - The role of science, technology & practice‘ • 24-28 August 2014 • Davos • Switzerland
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Prof. Wadid ERIAN
The League of Arab States LAS
Lead Author in IPCC - SREX , WGII
Member in UNISDR GAR Advisory Board
Advisor World Bank 2012
2. Precipitation deficit is defined as a
METEOROLOGICAL DROUGHT.
A period of abnormally dry weather long enough
to cause a serious hydrological imbalance.
Drought is a relative term
shortage of precipitation related to
particular activity
during the growing season affects yield - SOIL
MOISTURE DROUGHT, or
AGRICULTURAL DROUGHT, Storage changes in soil moisture and
groundwater are also affected by increases
in actual evapotranspiration in addition to
reductions in precipitation.
5th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2014
‘Integrative Risk Management - The role of science, technology & practice‘ • 24-28 August 2014 • Davos • Switzerland
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A MEGADROUGHT
is drought, lasting much longer than normal,
usually a decade or more.
during the runoff season affects water supplies –
HYDROLOGICAL DROUGHT.
3. Syria is part of the historical region of Fertile
Crescent area that is part of history of drought.
If we looked to the history of the region we could
recognize that in about 2200 BC, a temporary
climate shift created 300 years of reduced rainfall
and colder temperatures, which forced people to
abandon their rainfed fields in what is now
northeast Syria.
As people migrated to the south or turned to
pastoralism to survive, whole cities were deserted
and covered in the dust of drought (Weiss and Bradley
2001)
5th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2014
‘Integrative Risk Management - The role of science, technology & practice‘ • 24-28 August 2014 • Davos • Switzerland
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4. studies (Lehner et al, 2001
and EEA, 2004) expected
around 10 to 25% reduction
in river runoff in the upper
Euphrates and Tigris basin in
2070
reduction of rainfall in mid
21st century. around 40-50
mm in the upper Euphrates
and Tigris basin about 7% of
average rainfall, it is expected
to have about 11% drop in
Euphrates river discharge
(Evans, 2008) .
5th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2014
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(Other Studies: Giorgi, 2006; Beniston et al, 2007;
Mariotti et al., 2008; Planton et al., 2008).
“ there is medium confidence that droughts in Mediterranean will intensify in the 21st
century, the 20th century simulations indicate that the ‘transition’ toward drier
conditions has already started to occur and has accelerated around the turn of the
century towards the larger rates projected for the 21st century” IPCC 2012.
5. Sketch for General Consequences of Increased Drought
Erian W, B Katlan, N Assad and. S Ibrahim 2014. “Effects of Drought and Land Degradation on Crop Losses in
Africa and Arab Region with Special Case Study on: drought and conflict in syria”, Background paper prepared
for the 2015 GlobalAssessment Report on Disaster Risk Reduction. Geneva, Switzerland: UNISDR
5th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2014
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6. Erian W, B Katlan, A. Khalil, Y Hanfi N Assad and. S Ibrahim 2014. “Studying the long term metrological drought in Africa, Mediterranean
and Middle East Regions, using SPEI”, Background paper prepared for the 2015 Global Assessment Report on Disaster Risk Reduction.
Geneva, Switzerland: UNISDR
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7. 5th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2014
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The Monthly ADI of
the Agriculture
Season 07/08
8. 5th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2014
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Syria for the period 2000 - 2010
9. Area in Ha % Levels of ADH
4730626 25.55 No Hazard
9474576 51.17 Slight ADH
3947120 21.31 Moderately ADH
278492.2 1. 51 Severely ADH
5th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2014
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10. a). Agricultural Production (Erian et al, 2011; Kattana, 2011 and FAO, 2011).
5th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2014
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The Major Impacts of Drought in Syria
The eastern part of Syria represent 31.75% of the total rainfed areas of Syria and due to
drought has been declined from 1.12 to 0.98 million hectare
wheat production has dropped in the eastern part of Syria by 26% during the years
2000-2009 (production from that region contributes by 58% of the total production )
During the agriculture season 2007–2008 and due to severe drought in the Syria, 75% of
the country’s farmers suffered total crop failure, where, wheat production dropped by
39.8% from 0.43 to 0.25 million ton.
Barley production which used as fodder for
animals has decreased in the last years
2005-2009 up to 40%, beside the absence of
natural pastures. Farmer soled their animals,
animals weight loss in beside physical
deterioration; lower in the amount of newly
born young because of Low fertility rate,
declining birth rate.
The estimated number of sheep population has dropped from 2.47 million head at the
year 2005 to 1.5 million head at the year 2009 and the livestock population was 50
percent below the pre-drought level
11. b). Rural Livelihoods (Erian et al, 2011; Kattana, 2011; UNISDR, 2011 and FAO, 2011).
farmers who depend on only one crop are in trouble - they have nothing else to help
them and they have to move to earn their living in other governorates or countries even
women. Only older people and children remained
Increased respiratory infections, particularly because of the atmosphere nebular
(dusty), due to lack of water (for drinking and domestic use) or provided by a non-secure
health, leading to a variety of digestive diseases tract and diarrhea (especially
5th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2014
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in children), and kidney disease.
12. 5th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2014
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c). Migration: (Nashawatii, 2011 and Erian et al , 2010)
During the years 2007 to 2011, Some 1.3 million people (206000 households) of a
population of 22 million have been severely affected by the disaster, of which
800,000 have lost almost all of their livelihoods and face extreme hardship.
Migration out of the affected areas has increased,
Estimates indicating that between 40,000 to 60,000 families, from “Hassakeh
governorate” alone.
Most of the houses on villages are left
empty and less than 10% are
occupied by elder people and
children, The younger generations
left seeking work, many left to
Lebanon or Jordon, as workers in the
sectors of construction or agriculture.
Women left to work in the western
part of Syria, for packing vegetables
in “Tartous” greenhouses;
13. Increase of moderate and severe land degradation
that estimated during the period from 1999 to 2007
by 34.8% of the total area of Syria
5th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2014
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d). Ecosystem Decline: (FAO, 2011 and Mora, 2011ACSAD, 2009).
Due to drought that increased in frequency,
intensity and duration, the deficit in
available water has been estimated of about
651 million M3 during the years 1995-
2005, and still increasing with expectation
to rise to 2077 million M3 by the year in
2030 only because of population growth
and the increasing pace of development
Source: World Bank 2012.
Decline in availability of irrigation water in the
Hassakeh governorate is largely due to the
hydrological drought of Khabour River, this has
led to the decline in irrigated areas, the water
scarcity has led to increasing pressures on
ground water resources and brought the water
crisis to critical levels
14. Levels of Agricultural Drought Hazard in Syria Different Governorate
5th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2014
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Governorates Unit
Severe
(1)
Moderate
(2)
Slight
(3)
Non Total (1+2)
Total
(1+2+3)
RAQA
Ha 94491 766517 717585 220406 861008 1578593
% 5.3 42.6 39.9 12.3 47.9 87.8
HASAKA
Ha 51752 848309 1E+06 37021 900061 2280058
% 2.2 36.7 59.6 1.5 38.9 98.5
DIER EZZOR
Ha 30072 736913 970980 820366 766985 1737965
% 1.2 28.8 38 32.1 30 68
DAMASCUS
Ha 56949 333143 723593 695086 390092 1113685
% 3.1 18.4 40 38.4 21.6 61.5
DARAA
Ha 14114 60589 191560 97720 74703 266262.9
% 3.9 16.7 52.6 26.8 20.6 73.2
ALLEPO
Ha 281792 281792 1E+06 361374 343929 1862862
% 3.1 14.1 64.8 18 17.2 82
HOMS
Ha 43778 773917 3E+06 2E+06 817695 3535376
% 1 15.4 54 30 16.4 70.4
SWEIDAA
Ha 2483.9 83118 346187 237105 85602 431788.5
% 0 12 52 35 12 64
HAMA
Ha 8697.9 84846 649793 281391 93544 743337.3
% 1 8.3 63.4 27.5 9.3 72.7
LATTAKIA
Ha 4349.7 16681 114741 119459 21031 135771.5
% 1.7 6.6 45 46.8 8.3 53.3
TARTUS
Ha 3589 5717 110650 72498 9305.7 119955.5
% 1.9 3 57.5 37.7 4.9 62.4
IDLEB
Ha 156.3 10509 306470 216291 10666 317135.2
% 0 2 57.5 40.5 2 59.5
QANETRA
Ha 40 615 35900 99054 655 36555
% 0 0 27 73 0 27
15. 5th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2014
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16. 5th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2014
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17. 5th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2014
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Evaluation
Element Main Economical Capacity Characteristi3
Code
EcA EcB EcC EcD EcE EcF
Ec
G
EcH EcI
EcJ
Value
107600 -2 5,100 16.9 17 12.3 12 4800 808
32.9
Class 3 7 5 3 3 3 3 2 4 2
Evaluation
Element Main Population Capacity Characteristi3
Code PoA PoB PoC PoD PoE
PoF
Value
121.67 61 -0.79 -27.82 61.6 -0.8
Class
3 1 1 1 7 5
Evaluation
Element Main Land use Capacity Characteristi3
Code
LuA LuB LuC LhD LuE LuF
Value
25.4 -0.64 5.39 23.75 2.61
11.6
3
Class
1 5 6 3 6 3
Evaluation
Element Main Water Availability Capacity Characteristi3
Code
WaA WaB WaC WaD
Value
46.1 19.95 95 1,048
Class
6 5 7 2
ECONOMICAL INDICATOR (Ec)
EcA : GDP in Million US$.
EcB : GDP Growth rate NGI US$.
EcC : Agriculture Share In GDP %.
EcD : Labor Force% in Agriculture
EcE : Unemployment Rate:%.
EcF. : Below Poverty Line %
EcG : Agriculture, value added per agricultural worker (USD) 2009-
1999
EcH. : Evaluation of the Value of Total Agriculture Production and
Food Production
EcI : Value (millions of 2004-2006 in ($).
EcJ : Change in crop production value per ha %
ii. POPULATION (Po)
PoA : Mean Population Density person/Km2
PoB : People in working age (15-64) years %
PoC. : Population growth rate
PoD. : Net migration rate: for each 1000 person
PoE. : Females % of Labour force in Agriculture- 2011.
PoF. : Average Agriculture population Change 2011 - 2001%
iii. LAND USE (Lu)
LuA. : Arable Area % from Total
LuB : Change in Arable Areas 1999 - 2009
LuC : Permanent Crops Area % from Total
LuD : Change in Permanent Crops Areas 1999 - 2009
LuE : Forest Area % from Total
LuF. : Change in Forest Areas 1999 - 2009
iv. WATER AVAILABILITY
WaA Total Renewable Water Resources cu km
WaB Fresh water Withdrawal Total Cu km/y
WaC Fresh water Withdrawal agricultural %
WaD Fresh water Withdrawal per Capita Cu km/y
18. According to the information at 2011, (Erian et al 2012), Syria rated as :
5th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2014
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Moderate Capacity level with main limitation in water availability,
Moderate vulnerability to drought with high coverage of ADH (75 – 85%),
Moderate drought hazard severity, moderately affected vegetation cover and
moderate capacity.
As the conflict started we could re-classify Syria to:
Extreme Vulnerability, to drought with high coverage of ADH moderate drought
hazard severity,
severely affected vegetation cover and very Low to low capacity.
That will require special program for land recovery and building resilience to coupe with
drought and land degradation hazards severity,
The study of the drought in Syria and surrounding countries should get priority as
the crises could explode; in fact Lebanon is in marginal level of instability and Iraq
already suffering from the impacts of Syria Crises that started while the country
still approximately divided.
19. BUILDING RESILIANCE Even drought causing further degradation of the region’s
natural resources base is likely, unlikely the size of risks
associated with drought remain less well understood, losses
and impacts are not systematically captured; (UNISDR 2011).
5th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2014
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If Syria government admitted earlier that they are facing a
problem, and took steps toward supporting farmers and
subsidizing them, and established Monitoring and early
Warning System for better understanding of the problem.
The consequences was discussed early by “Wadid Erian”
inside Syria with major groups like all ministries and
organizations, and “Erian” show the results of Drought from
ACSAD monitoring system and explained in public
meetings but very minor actions was taken.
When at 2010 he said that Syria instability increasing not
much effort was taken, and March 2011 the Conflicts started.
In Fact and Similar to “Al Khabour River” while he was
dying but minor action was taken until Syria lost it
1983
20. 5th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2014
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Framework for understanding Drought:
Water, Food, and Socio-economy Nexus, after Erian 2014,
Erian W, B Katlan, N Assad and. S Ibrahim 2014. “Effects of Drought and Land Degradation on Crop Losses in Africa and Arab Region
with Special Case Study on: drought and conflict in syria”, Background paper prepared for the 2015 Global Assessment Report on
Disaster Risk Reduction. Geneva, Switzerland: UNISDR
21. • From My perspective the main gaps, needs and further steps to
be addressed in the Post 2015 Framework for Disaster Risk
Reduction is integrated.
• Its about people specially poor people in fragile ecosystem
communities (e.g. Drylands which represent 41% of the globe
and 2 billion people), they require better attention, few
people are talking about “Oasis “ they are under threat of
nature hazards.
5th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2014
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22. • Prevention, Recovery and Building Resilience Require using our
resources better in Research, Education & Training, Implementation &
Practice and Policy. We are sharing this Universe …and NO ONE IS SAFE if the
others are SUFFERING………
• Remember that what so called “Arab Spring “ was only a start of more
violence , killing,…. and not yet controlled….. Drought, Land degradation
Poverty, Unemployment …….. lack of nature resources , population increasing
played major role.
LEBANON and JORDAN require Support they are facing major
Drought problems and limited resources and they having more
drivers and pressures toward instability , and the conflict in Syria
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must find o solution.
23. Thank you
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wadiderian@gmail.com
wadiderian@yahoo.com