The document discusses mainstreaming disaster risk reduction into sustainable national water resources development programs in Nigeria. It outlines challenges to water resources management in Nigeria including devastating erosion, perennial flooding, recurring droughts and increasing desertification. The national approach to reducing water resources management related disasters includes the National Water Policy and National Erosion and Flood Control Policy. Integrating disaster risk reduction concerns into integrated water resources management requires strengthening institutions and legal frameworks. The document recommends promoting integrated water resources management planning and developing national disaster prevention and response systems to institutionalize disaster risk reduction in water resources development.
Presented by Giriraj Amarnath at the National Workshop on “Use of Space Based Information for Disaster Management” Colombo, Sri Lanka, November 17, 2014
Biophysical Foundations of Production and Consumption of Human Economy Source...ijtsrd
Three major problems associated with our management of the world's ecosystems are already causing significant harm to some people, particularly the poor, and unless addressed will substantially diminish the long term benefits we obtain from ecosystems First, approximately 60 15 out of 24 of the ecosystem services examined during the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment are being degraded or used unsustainably, including fresh water, capture fisheries, air and water purification, and the regulation of regional and local climate, natural hazards, and pests. The full costs of the loss and degradation of these ecosystem services are difficult to measure, but the available evidence demonstrates that they are substantial and growing. Many ecosystem services have been degraded as a consequence of actions taken to increase the supply of other services, such as food. These trade offs often shift the costs of degradation from one group of people to another or defer costs to future generations. Second, there is established but incomplete evidence that changes being made in ecosystems are increasing the likelihood of nonlinear changes in ecosystems including accelerating, abrupt, and potentially irreversible changes that have important consequences for human well being. Dr. Anshumala Chandangar "Biophysical Foundations of Production and Consumption of Human Economy Sources and Sink Functions of the Ecosystem" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47663.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/economics/other/47663/biophysical-foundations-of-production-and-consumption-of-human-economy-sources-and-sink-functions-of-the-ecosystem/dr-anshumala-chandangar
From Local to Global: Realizing Water Security for Sustainable Development - ...Global Water Partnership
This document discusses water security and sustainable development from local to global scales. It summarizes the growth of GWP's global partner network and outlines a vision for a water secure world with enough water for all. Key elements include reducing risks from droughts/floods, improving quality of life, and an integrated, participatory approach. The document also discusses climate change impacts, integrated flood and drought management programs, stakeholder consultations on developing water and disaster risk reduction goals for 2015, and the role of river restoration in contributing to these goals.
This document summarizes key concepts from a presentation on integrated water resource management (IWRM) as a tool for adaptation to climate change. IWRM can help adaptation by allowing for better water management, basin planning to identify and mitigate risks, and stakeholder participation to mobilize action and assess risks. The presentation covers climate change impacts on water resources and sectors like agriculture and health. It discusses approaches to climate change impact, adaptation and vulnerability assessments, and the use of climate change scenarios and modeling to project impacts on water resource systems.
1) Adaptation to climate change involves managing risks through reducing vulnerability. Risks can be systemic like impacts on energy, agriculture, and sea level rise, or idiosyncratic. Vulnerability depends on exposure and ability to manage risks.
2) Changing behaviors to adapt requires both awareness of impacts and willingness to contribute to social goals. Factors like social norms, costs, and preferences influence willingness.
3) Civil society has an important role in leading adaptation by advising on plans and overseeing implementation. The Joint Principles for Adaptation provide guidelines for inclusive planning, accountability, flexibility, and support for vulnerable groups.
This document discusses climate change adaptation in developing countries like India. It outlines several key points:
1) Adaptation measures are important for developing countries due to their vulnerability from climate impacts on sectors like agriculture and water resources. Measures aim to build adaptive capacity.
2) India has implemented various national missions through its National Action Plan on Climate Change that incorporate both mitigation and adaptation strategies.
3) Effective adaptation requires accurate, disaggregated data collection and involvement of public, academic and community stakeholders to prioritize adaptation needs.
This document summarizes key points about climate change adaptation from a paper by Dr. Sarah Ahmed. It discusses the vulnerability of developing countries to climate change impacts, the need to enhance adaptive capacity. Adaptation measures include policy, technology, monitoring, and risk sharing. Estimates suggest adaptation will cost $86-100 billion annually by 2015. Accurate cost information is essential for policymaking but difficult to obtain. The document then outlines India's National Action Plan on Climate Change and its focus on both mitigation and adaptation through various missions and sectors. Adaptation costs in India are estimated to be 0.88-2.17% of GDP from 2004-2007.
The document discusses mainstreaming disaster risk reduction into sustainable national water resources development programs in Nigeria. It outlines challenges to water resources management in Nigeria including devastating erosion, perennial flooding, recurring droughts and increasing desertification. The national approach to reducing water resources management related disasters includes the National Water Policy and National Erosion and Flood Control Policy. Integrating disaster risk reduction concerns into integrated water resources management requires strengthening institutions and legal frameworks. The document recommends promoting integrated water resources management planning and developing national disaster prevention and response systems to institutionalize disaster risk reduction in water resources development.
Presented by Giriraj Amarnath at the National Workshop on “Use of Space Based Information for Disaster Management” Colombo, Sri Lanka, November 17, 2014
Biophysical Foundations of Production and Consumption of Human Economy Source...ijtsrd
Three major problems associated with our management of the world's ecosystems are already causing significant harm to some people, particularly the poor, and unless addressed will substantially diminish the long term benefits we obtain from ecosystems First, approximately 60 15 out of 24 of the ecosystem services examined during the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment are being degraded or used unsustainably, including fresh water, capture fisheries, air and water purification, and the regulation of regional and local climate, natural hazards, and pests. The full costs of the loss and degradation of these ecosystem services are difficult to measure, but the available evidence demonstrates that they are substantial and growing. Many ecosystem services have been degraded as a consequence of actions taken to increase the supply of other services, such as food. These trade offs often shift the costs of degradation from one group of people to another or defer costs to future generations. Second, there is established but incomplete evidence that changes being made in ecosystems are increasing the likelihood of nonlinear changes in ecosystems including accelerating, abrupt, and potentially irreversible changes that have important consequences for human well being. Dr. Anshumala Chandangar "Biophysical Foundations of Production and Consumption of Human Economy Sources and Sink Functions of the Ecosystem" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47663.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/economics/other/47663/biophysical-foundations-of-production-and-consumption-of-human-economy-sources-and-sink-functions-of-the-ecosystem/dr-anshumala-chandangar
From Local to Global: Realizing Water Security for Sustainable Development - ...Global Water Partnership
This document discusses water security and sustainable development from local to global scales. It summarizes the growth of GWP's global partner network and outlines a vision for a water secure world with enough water for all. Key elements include reducing risks from droughts/floods, improving quality of life, and an integrated, participatory approach. The document also discusses climate change impacts, integrated flood and drought management programs, stakeholder consultations on developing water and disaster risk reduction goals for 2015, and the role of river restoration in contributing to these goals.
This document summarizes key concepts from a presentation on integrated water resource management (IWRM) as a tool for adaptation to climate change. IWRM can help adaptation by allowing for better water management, basin planning to identify and mitigate risks, and stakeholder participation to mobilize action and assess risks. The presentation covers climate change impacts on water resources and sectors like agriculture and health. It discusses approaches to climate change impact, adaptation and vulnerability assessments, and the use of climate change scenarios and modeling to project impacts on water resource systems.
1) Adaptation to climate change involves managing risks through reducing vulnerability. Risks can be systemic like impacts on energy, agriculture, and sea level rise, or idiosyncratic. Vulnerability depends on exposure and ability to manage risks.
2) Changing behaviors to adapt requires both awareness of impacts and willingness to contribute to social goals. Factors like social norms, costs, and preferences influence willingness.
3) Civil society has an important role in leading adaptation by advising on plans and overseeing implementation. The Joint Principles for Adaptation provide guidelines for inclusive planning, accountability, flexibility, and support for vulnerable groups.
This document discusses climate change adaptation in developing countries like India. It outlines several key points:
1) Adaptation measures are important for developing countries due to their vulnerability from climate impacts on sectors like agriculture and water resources. Measures aim to build adaptive capacity.
2) India has implemented various national missions through its National Action Plan on Climate Change that incorporate both mitigation and adaptation strategies.
3) Effective adaptation requires accurate, disaggregated data collection and involvement of public, academic and community stakeholders to prioritize adaptation needs.
This document summarizes key points about climate change adaptation from a paper by Dr. Sarah Ahmed. It discusses the vulnerability of developing countries to climate change impacts, the need to enhance adaptive capacity. Adaptation measures include policy, technology, monitoring, and risk sharing. Estimates suggest adaptation will cost $86-100 billion annually by 2015. Accurate cost information is essential for policymaking but difficult to obtain. The document then outlines India's National Action Plan on Climate Change and its focus on both mitigation and adaptation through various missions and sectors. Adaptation costs in India are estimated to be 0.88-2.17% of GDP from 2004-2007.
This document analyzes and compares coping strategies of rural farming communities in semi-arid and forest regions of Nigeria facing climate change. It finds that farmers in both regions perceive climate change primarily as changes in rainfall. Their main coping strategy is changing planting dates to suit rainfall patterns, along with changing crops grown. Information about adaptation strategies comes primarily from radio, neighbors, and intuition rather than agricultural extension services. The document recommends a shift to irrigation-based agriculture instead of rain-fed farming and increased training and support of extension officers to help farmers adopt best practices.
Drought management and risk reduction in pakistan) A Presentation By Mr Allah...Mr.Allah Dad Khan
Drought management and risk reduction in pakistan) A Presentation By Mr Allah Dad Khan Former Director General Agriculture Extension KPK Province and Visiting Professor the University of Agriculture Peshawar Pakistan
Drought management Culture of pakistan By Mr Allah Dad Khan Agriculture Exp...Mr.Allah Dad Khan
This document discusses drought management and outlines steps to mitigate drought impacts. It begins by defining drought as a temporary decrease in average water availability. Drought events have increased in severity and frequency, producing socioeconomic and environmental impacts. While drought occurrence cannot be controlled, its impacts can be mitigated through appropriate surveillance and management strategies. The document then discusses various measures for combating desertification and mitigating drought impacts, including water resource management, sustainable agriculture, biodiversity conservation, poverty eradication, and policy planning. It emphasizes the importance of monitoring using satellite data, ground surveillance, and strengthening capacities for implementation of early warning systems and response measures.
Vulnerability and Adaptation to Climate Change in the Semi-Arid Regions of So...weADAPT
The document discusses climate change impacts and adaptation challenges in three semi-arid sub-regions of South Asia: Bangalore, Sangamner, and Moyar-Bhavani. It finds that temperatures have increased in all three regions over recent decades, with the greatest increases in Bangalore and Moyar-Bhavani. Precipitation trends vary by region, with decreases observed in Bangalore and Moyar-Bhavani but more stable or increasing precipitation in Sangamner. Climate models project continued temperature increases and uncertain but overall increased precipitation across the regions by the 2080s. The regions face challenges from declining water resources, changing rainfall patterns, and vulnerability of key livelihood sectors like agriculture and forests
The document outlines Sudan's National Adaptation Programme of Action (NAPA) to address urgent needs in adapting to climate change impacts. It identifies vulnerable sectors and regions, including those dependent on rain-fed agriculture and water resources. The NAPA was developed through stakeholder consultations and proposes pilot projects in five states focused on water management, agriculture, forestry, and health. It also calls for policy and institutional reforms to integrate climate adaptation strategies.
Financing Small Scale Climate Action - The PIOJ ExperienceACDI/VOCA
The PIOJ has financed several small-scale climate action projects through funding from the GCCA, Adaptation Fund, and PPCR. These projects have implemented adaptation measures like irrigation systems, reforestation, and livelihood diversification to increase the resilience of vulnerable farmers and communities. Ongoing and planned projects under these funding mechanisms continue to target capacity building, infrastructure development, and behavior change to reduce climate vulnerability across Jamaica's agriculture and fisheries sectors.
Integrated water resource management (IWRM) takes a holistic view of water management by considering all aspects of the water cycle and different water uses together rather than separately. IWRM aims to coordinate development and management of water resources, land, and other related resources to maximize economic and social welfare in an equitable manner without compromising sustainability. Key principles of IWRM include participatory approaches involving stakeholders at all levels, recognizing women's role in water management, and balancing water's economic value with its social importance. While IWRM provides an integrated framework, it must be adapted to each local context and finding the right balance between sectoral and integrated approaches.
A presentation on the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reports, with particular relevance to Africa and Trans-frontier Conservation Areas within Southern Africa
This document appears to be notes from a meeting on drought and wildfire between Western governors and White House officials. The agenda includes presentations on drought and wildfires, followed by discussion. The document outlines various federal efforts to address drought, including disaster assistance for workers, water conservation programs, strategic investments, and fire preparedness. It also discusses the impacts of drought on forests and unsustainable increases in wildfire suppression funding.
This document discusses redefining Africa's agrarian development policies in the face of climate change. It outlines that agricultural productivity in Africa has not kept pace with population growth, with cereal yields stagnating. Climate change impacts agro-ecosystems through changes to the environment and socioeconomics. The challenges include strengthening rural development and governance, improving productivity, and managing natural resources sustainably. Integrated actions are needed across economic growth, sustainable environments, and social equity to help rural communities weather the effects of climate change.
Academia: Janos Bogardi, GWSP, 16th January UN Water Zaragoza Conference 2015water-decade
This document discusses the need for integrated and adaptive risk governance to achieve the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly Goal 6 on water and sanitation. It argues that the SDGs are interdependent and policies in one domain can impact others. An example given is the water-energy-food nexus. The document also stresses that effective monitoring systems need to be established to assess risks and track progress towards targets. Specific, measurable, attainable, realistic and timely targets are proposed for increasing resilience against water-related disasters and depletion, as well as strengthening monitoring, assessment and capacity development.
Media Workshop - Impacts and Future Risks: What are the effects of Climate Ch...ipcc-media
This document summarizes key findings from the IPCC report on climate change impacts, adaptation, and vulnerability in Asia. It finds that Asia faces several risks from climate change, including increased flooding, drought, food insecurity, water scarcity, and spread of diseases. Adaptation options discussed include integrated water management, disaster risk reduction, coastal protection, and diversifying livelihoods. The report concludes there is low confidence in precipitation projections for Asia and adaptation must be tailored to local needs given varying climate hazards and vulnerabilities across the region.
Key Message - Climate Change Adaptation: Focus on Nepal and South Asiaipcc-media
This document summarizes key messages from the IPCC report on climate change impacts, adaptation, and vulnerability in Asia. It finds that Asia faces several increased risks from climate change in the near and long term, including flooding, drought, food and water shortages, diseases, and damage to ecosystems. However, adaptation measures can help reduce these risks, such as improved disaster management, water resources management, and developing more resilient crops. Effective adaptation takes into account unique regional and local vulnerabilities and circumstances.
The document discusses integrated water resources management (IWRM) in Myanmar. It provides background on IWRM concepts and principles, and how they are being applied in Myanmar through efforts such as establishing river basin organizations, reforming water sector policies and laws, and integrating water management across levels and sectors to achieve sustainability, equity, and efficiency. Lessons from applying IWRM in other countries emphasize that the approach must be adapted to each local context and priorities, and involve stakeholders at all levels through participatory processes.
Water resources of nepal- in the context of climate change 2011 by wecsBhim Upadhyaya
This document provides an overview of water resources in Nepal and how they are being impacted by climate change. It discusses Nepal's river systems and water availability. It also examines existing water usage, including irrigation, groundwater, hydropower, and water supply. The document analyzes trends showing decreasing precipitation and streamflow. Climate change is negatively impacting glaciers and snowpack and increasing risks of flooding and drought. This is affecting agriculture and livelihoods. The document concludes by recommending further research and adaptive measures to address climate change impacts on Nepal's water resources.
Presented by Sanjiv de Silva at the Regional Conference on Risks and Solutions: Adaptation Frameworks for Water Resources Planning, Development and Management in South Asia, on July 12, 2016, at Hilton, Colombo, Sri Lanka
This study examines the socioeconomic impacts of UNDP/GEF-SGP funded community-based climate change mitigation projects in Dire Dawa Administration, Ethiopia. A survey of 160 households (80 beneficiaries and 80 non-beneficiaries) was conducted. Descriptive statistics and propensity score matching techniques were used to analyze the data. The results show that household income, assets, and consumption expenditures were higher for project beneficiaries compared to non-beneficiaries, indicating a positive impact of the projects on livelihoods. However, the projects also faced challenges that limited their potential impacts. Overall, the study found the average effect of the projects to be statistically significant and positive in improving socioeconomic conditions and the environment in the local community
This document summarizes a presentation on strengthening climate resilience in Indonesia. It discusses Indonesia's National Council on Climate Change and its role in coordinating climate policy. It then examines Indonesia's approach to adaptation, including engaging local governments and assessing vulnerabilities. As a case study, it analyzes the vulnerable community of Muara Baru which experiences frequent flooding. It identifies adaptation options used and not used by residents before, during, and after flood events, along with recommendations and barriers. The presentation concludes that climate change impacts all aspects of life and that adaptation efforts must take regional differences and integrated approaches into account.
A review of the Ethiopian context
Presented by IWMI's Gebrehaweria Gebregziabher at a Roundtable on Building Resilience to Climate Change through Community Dialogues held in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, September 20, 2016
The document discusses community climate change adaptation concepts and applications. It aims to provide an overview of community climate change adaptation, identify resources and partnerships needed to strengthen climate programming, delineate policies to improve community participation and resilience, and acknowledge challenges and pathways. It discusses key concepts like climate change impacts, community-based adaptation, climate-smart agriculture, and the role of extension services. It outlines methodologies, background on climate impacts and adaptation, and highlights challenges like uncertainty and deficits in adaptive capacities. Overall, the document presents a framework for community climate change adaptation through approaches like integration into development planning, capacity building, knowledge sharing, and education.
The document discusses mainstreaming disaster risk reduction (DRR), climate change adaptation (CCA), and the private sector. It provides overviews of key topics including:
1. DRR mechanisms like avoiding hazards, mitigating risks, responding to damage, and transferring risks.
2. Major projections of climate change impacts by 2100 like increased global temperatures, sea level rise, more extreme weather events.
3. How climate change will affect key sectors like water, food, health, and industry by causing issues like drought, flooding, disease outbreaks.
4. The importance of integrating DRR and CCA given their convergence on issues like coastal zone management and their potential for mutually reinforcing resilience-
This document analyzes and compares coping strategies of rural farming communities in semi-arid and forest regions of Nigeria facing climate change. It finds that farmers in both regions perceive climate change primarily as changes in rainfall. Their main coping strategy is changing planting dates to suit rainfall patterns, along with changing crops grown. Information about adaptation strategies comes primarily from radio, neighbors, and intuition rather than agricultural extension services. The document recommends a shift to irrigation-based agriculture instead of rain-fed farming and increased training and support of extension officers to help farmers adopt best practices.
Drought management and risk reduction in pakistan) A Presentation By Mr Allah...Mr.Allah Dad Khan
Drought management and risk reduction in pakistan) A Presentation By Mr Allah Dad Khan Former Director General Agriculture Extension KPK Province and Visiting Professor the University of Agriculture Peshawar Pakistan
Drought management Culture of pakistan By Mr Allah Dad Khan Agriculture Exp...Mr.Allah Dad Khan
This document discusses drought management and outlines steps to mitigate drought impacts. It begins by defining drought as a temporary decrease in average water availability. Drought events have increased in severity and frequency, producing socioeconomic and environmental impacts. While drought occurrence cannot be controlled, its impacts can be mitigated through appropriate surveillance and management strategies. The document then discusses various measures for combating desertification and mitigating drought impacts, including water resource management, sustainable agriculture, biodiversity conservation, poverty eradication, and policy planning. It emphasizes the importance of monitoring using satellite data, ground surveillance, and strengthening capacities for implementation of early warning systems and response measures.
Vulnerability and Adaptation to Climate Change in the Semi-Arid Regions of So...weADAPT
The document discusses climate change impacts and adaptation challenges in three semi-arid sub-regions of South Asia: Bangalore, Sangamner, and Moyar-Bhavani. It finds that temperatures have increased in all three regions over recent decades, with the greatest increases in Bangalore and Moyar-Bhavani. Precipitation trends vary by region, with decreases observed in Bangalore and Moyar-Bhavani but more stable or increasing precipitation in Sangamner. Climate models project continued temperature increases and uncertain but overall increased precipitation across the regions by the 2080s. The regions face challenges from declining water resources, changing rainfall patterns, and vulnerability of key livelihood sectors like agriculture and forests
The document outlines Sudan's National Adaptation Programme of Action (NAPA) to address urgent needs in adapting to climate change impacts. It identifies vulnerable sectors and regions, including those dependent on rain-fed agriculture and water resources. The NAPA was developed through stakeholder consultations and proposes pilot projects in five states focused on water management, agriculture, forestry, and health. It also calls for policy and institutional reforms to integrate climate adaptation strategies.
Financing Small Scale Climate Action - The PIOJ ExperienceACDI/VOCA
The PIOJ has financed several small-scale climate action projects through funding from the GCCA, Adaptation Fund, and PPCR. These projects have implemented adaptation measures like irrigation systems, reforestation, and livelihood diversification to increase the resilience of vulnerable farmers and communities. Ongoing and planned projects under these funding mechanisms continue to target capacity building, infrastructure development, and behavior change to reduce climate vulnerability across Jamaica's agriculture and fisheries sectors.
Integrated water resource management (IWRM) takes a holistic view of water management by considering all aspects of the water cycle and different water uses together rather than separately. IWRM aims to coordinate development and management of water resources, land, and other related resources to maximize economic and social welfare in an equitable manner without compromising sustainability. Key principles of IWRM include participatory approaches involving stakeholders at all levels, recognizing women's role in water management, and balancing water's economic value with its social importance. While IWRM provides an integrated framework, it must be adapted to each local context and finding the right balance between sectoral and integrated approaches.
A presentation on the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reports, with particular relevance to Africa and Trans-frontier Conservation Areas within Southern Africa
This document appears to be notes from a meeting on drought and wildfire between Western governors and White House officials. The agenda includes presentations on drought and wildfires, followed by discussion. The document outlines various federal efforts to address drought, including disaster assistance for workers, water conservation programs, strategic investments, and fire preparedness. It also discusses the impacts of drought on forests and unsustainable increases in wildfire suppression funding.
This document discusses redefining Africa's agrarian development policies in the face of climate change. It outlines that agricultural productivity in Africa has not kept pace with population growth, with cereal yields stagnating. Climate change impacts agro-ecosystems through changes to the environment and socioeconomics. The challenges include strengthening rural development and governance, improving productivity, and managing natural resources sustainably. Integrated actions are needed across economic growth, sustainable environments, and social equity to help rural communities weather the effects of climate change.
Academia: Janos Bogardi, GWSP, 16th January UN Water Zaragoza Conference 2015water-decade
This document discusses the need for integrated and adaptive risk governance to achieve the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly Goal 6 on water and sanitation. It argues that the SDGs are interdependent and policies in one domain can impact others. An example given is the water-energy-food nexus. The document also stresses that effective monitoring systems need to be established to assess risks and track progress towards targets. Specific, measurable, attainable, realistic and timely targets are proposed for increasing resilience against water-related disasters and depletion, as well as strengthening monitoring, assessment and capacity development.
Media Workshop - Impacts and Future Risks: What are the effects of Climate Ch...ipcc-media
This document summarizes key findings from the IPCC report on climate change impacts, adaptation, and vulnerability in Asia. It finds that Asia faces several risks from climate change, including increased flooding, drought, food insecurity, water scarcity, and spread of diseases. Adaptation options discussed include integrated water management, disaster risk reduction, coastal protection, and diversifying livelihoods. The report concludes there is low confidence in precipitation projections for Asia and adaptation must be tailored to local needs given varying climate hazards and vulnerabilities across the region.
Key Message - Climate Change Adaptation: Focus on Nepal and South Asiaipcc-media
This document summarizes key messages from the IPCC report on climate change impacts, adaptation, and vulnerability in Asia. It finds that Asia faces several increased risks from climate change in the near and long term, including flooding, drought, food and water shortages, diseases, and damage to ecosystems. However, adaptation measures can help reduce these risks, such as improved disaster management, water resources management, and developing more resilient crops. Effective adaptation takes into account unique regional and local vulnerabilities and circumstances.
The document discusses integrated water resources management (IWRM) in Myanmar. It provides background on IWRM concepts and principles, and how they are being applied in Myanmar through efforts such as establishing river basin organizations, reforming water sector policies and laws, and integrating water management across levels and sectors to achieve sustainability, equity, and efficiency. Lessons from applying IWRM in other countries emphasize that the approach must be adapted to each local context and priorities, and involve stakeholders at all levels through participatory processes.
Water resources of nepal- in the context of climate change 2011 by wecsBhim Upadhyaya
This document provides an overview of water resources in Nepal and how they are being impacted by climate change. It discusses Nepal's river systems and water availability. It also examines existing water usage, including irrigation, groundwater, hydropower, and water supply. The document analyzes trends showing decreasing precipitation and streamflow. Climate change is negatively impacting glaciers and snowpack and increasing risks of flooding and drought. This is affecting agriculture and livelihoods. The document concludes by recommending further research and adaptive measures to address climate change impacts on Nepal's water resources.
Presented by Sanjiv de Silva at the Regional Conference on Risks and Solutions: Adaptation Frameworks for Water Resources Planning, Development and Management in South Asia, on July 12, 2016, at Hilton, Colombo, Sri Lanka
This study examines the socioeconomic impacts of UNDP/GEF-SGP funded community-based climate change mitigation projects in Dire Dawa Administration, Ethiopia. A survey of 160 households (80 beneficiaries and 80 non-beneficiaries) was conducted. Descriptive statistics and propensity score matching techniques were used to analyze the data. The results show that household income, assets, and consumption expenditures were higher for project beneficiaries compared to non-beneficiaries, indicating a positive impact of the projects on livelihoods. However, the projects also faced challenges that limited their potential impacts. Overall, the study found the average effect of the projects to be statistically significant and positive in improving socioeconomic conditions and the environment in the local community
This document summarizes a presentation on strengthening climate resilience in Indonesia. It discusses Indonesia's National Council on Climate Change and its role in coordinating climate policy. It then examines Indonesia's approach to adaptation, including engaging local governments and assessing vulnerabilities. As a case study, it analyzes the vulnerable community of Muara Baru which experiences frequent flooding. It identifies adaptation options used and not used by residents before, during, and after flood events, along with recommendations and barriers. The presentation concludes that climate change impacts all aspects of life and that adaptation efforts must take regional differences and integrated approaches into account.
A review of the Ethiopian context
Presented by IWMI's Gebrehaweria Gebregziabher at a Roundtable on Building Resilience to Climate Change through Community Dialogues held in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, September 20, 2016
The document discusses community climate change adaptation concepts and applications. It aims to provide an overview of community climate change adaptation, identify resources and partnerships needed to strengthen climate programming, delineate policies to improve community participation and resilience, and acknowledge challenges and pathways. It discusses key concepts like climate change impacts, community-based adaptation, climate-smart agriculture, and the role of extension services. It outlines methodologies, background on climate impacts and adaptation, and highlights challenges like uncertainty and deficits in adaptive capacities. Overall, the document presents a framework for community climate change adaptation through approaches like integration into development planning, capacity building, knowledge sharing, and education.
The document discusses mainstreaming disaster risk reduction (DRR), climate change adaptation (CCA), and the private sector. It provides overviews of key topics including:
1. DRR mechanisms like avoiding hazards, mitigating risks, responding to damage, and transferring risks.
2. Major projections of climate change impacts by 2100 like increased global temperatures, sea level rise, more extreme weather events.
3. How climate change will affect key sectors like water, food, health, and industry by causing issues like drought, flooding, disease outbreaks.
4. The importance of integrating DRR and CCA given their convergence on issues like coastal zone management and their potential for mutually reinforcing resilience-
1: Strong Public Private Partnerships
2: Resilience in the Built Environment
3: Risk‐sensitive Investments and Accounting
4: Positive Cycle of Reinforcement for a Resilient Society
5: Private Sector Risk Disclosure
Criteria and processes to adopt for prioritization: The experience of the Ph...NAP Events
The Philippines faces challenges in achieving food security due to climate change impacts like more frequent extreme weather events and shifts in weather patterns. The population has grown at about 1.1% annually, increasing food demands. The government has established several funds and legal frameworks to prioritize adaptation and food security. Key priorities include strengthening early warning systems, building climate-resilient agriculture, and increasing budget allocations for adaptation, though funding has remained low compared to needs. The National La Niña Action Plan identifies vulnerable areas and interventions to support production during drought periods.
This document discusses climate change impacts in India and the country's policy responses. It notes increasing surface temperatures and variable regional impacts on rainfall and drought. It outlines India's National Action Plan on Climate Change and its national missions to promote renewable energy, energy efficiency, sustainable habitats, water management, ecosystem protection, agriculture and strategic climate research. The document discusses how rural livelihoods dependent on natural resources are highly vulnerable to climate impacts. It defines concepts of vulnerability, adaptation and the UNFCCC and its role in coordinating the global response to climate change.
The document summarizes key findings from the IPCC AR5 Synthesis Report on the impacts of climate change. It finds that: (1) impacts are already underway across continents and oceans, affecting both rich and poor countries; (2) further warming over the 21st century will lead to increased extreme weather events, sea level rise, and changes to natural ecosystems; and (3) while adaptation can reduce many adverse impacts, suffering will increase if mitigation and adaptation actions are not taken.
Presented by IWMI's David Wiberg (Theme Leader – Water Futures) to a group of European Union (EU) delegations in Asia at a discussion on 'Using research on agriculture climate and water to support sustainable food systems', held at IWMI Headquarters in Colombo, Sri Lanka, on June 8, 2016.
IPCC key messages including from the Special Report on Global Warming of 1.5 ...ipcc-media
The document summarizes key messages from the IPCC's Fifth Assessment Report and Special Report on Global Warming of 1.5°C. It finds that human influence has unequivocally warmed the climate system and that further emissions will worsen impacts. Limiting warming to 1.5°C would require global CO2 emissions to fall 45% by 2030 and reach net zero by 2050 through transitions in energy, land, urban and industrial systems. Rapid and far-reaching action is needed to transition to low-carbon energy and infrastructure to achieve the temperature goals of the Paris Agreement.
[Climate Change Program]City Paper Presentation : Quito(Ecuador)shrdcinfo
This project aimed to reduce Ecuador's vulnerability to climate change through effective water resource management. Disruption of adequate water supplies was considered the nation's most critical climate change risk, particularly in highland areas. The project took place from 2008-2012 with a budget of $19 million from various sources. It focused on rural communities dependent on agriculture in certain provinces. Key strategies included developing climate change scenarios and models, implementing 36 community projects using traditional agroecological and forestry practices to protect water resources, and involving stakeholders early in the process to ensure appropriate outcomes. Lessons learned included the need for multidisciplinary, participatory planning and continual modification based on input from partners.
Long Term Trend Analysis of Precipitation and Temperature for Asosa district,...IRJET Journal
The document analyzes temperature and precipitation trends in Asosa District, Benishangul Gumuz Region, Ethiopia from 1993 to 2022 based on data from the local meteorological station. The results show:
1) The average maximum and minimum annual temperatures have generally decreased over time, with maximum temperatures decreasing by a factor of -0.0341 and minimum by -0.0152.
2) Mann-Kendall tests found the decreasing temperature trends to be statistically significant for annual maximum temperatures but not for annual minimum temperatures.
3) Annual precipitation in Asosa District showed a statistically significant increasing trend.
The conclusions recommend development planners account for rising summer precipitation and declining temperatures in
Long Term Trend Analysis of Precipitation and Temperature for Asosa district...tsehayeadamu
The research was designed at addressing the national and local issues of climate change and was done by
investigating time series temperature and precipitation trends in Benishangul Gumuz Regional state of Ethiopia, Asosa District
in particular.
NAP Training Viet Nam - Vulnerability and Adapting to Climate ChangeUNDP Climate
This two-day workshop supported the Government of Viet Nam in building the necessary capacity to advance its National Adaptation Plan (NAP) process. The workshop closely focused on building National Adaptation Plans in the agricultural sector through multi-stakeholder collaboration, and increased knowledge and capacity on a number of topics including: prioritization of adaptation options, cost-benefit analysis, overview of the broad-based nature of climate change adaption impacts, analysis of challenges, and creation of an open discussion with key stakeholders on defining a road-map for the NAP process. The workshop was delivered using discussions and case studies to enhance interactive learning for participants, with supporting presentations by GiZ and SNV.
This document provides a summary of the key findings from the Sixth Assessment Report by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. It finds that climate change impacts are intensifying with every increment of global warming and will disproportionately affect the most vulnerable regions and populations. While options exist to reduce emissions and adapt, current climate actions are insufficient and global emissions must be cut by nearly half by 2030 to limit warming. Fairness and increased climate financing for developing nations are essential to enable more ambitious climate action.
This document summarizes key findings from the Sixth Assessment Report by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. It finds that climate change impacts are intensifying with every increment of global warming and will profoundly affect people and nature. While options exist to mitigate climate change by cutting emissions nearly in half by 2030, current efforts are insufficient. Fairness is needed as those contributing least to the problem are often most vulnerable to its impacts. Integrating climate adaptation and resilience measures with development can provide wider benefits while enabling climate action through political commitment and international cooperation.
Presented by IWMI's Luna Bharati at 'Asia water-nomics: More GDP with less water & pollution' session at Stockholm World Water Week, on August 29, 2018.
Climate change mitigation and adaptation 2011ver2cenafrica
This document provides an overview of Module Three which focuses on climate change and agriculture. It defines key concepts related to climate change impacts, vulnerability, adaptation, and mitigation. It discusses how climate change negatively impacts agriculture globally and regionally through changes in temperature, precipitation, and increased frequency of extreme weather events. Adaptation and coping strategies for agriculture are discussed. The module also covers agricultural innovations and systems for adapting to and mitigating climate change impacts.
This document discusses key water challenges in South Asia and the Water and Climate Resilience Programme (WACREP) being implemented to improve resilience. It notes that South Asia has a large population and limited water resources that are under stress. Key challenges include coping with water shortages from population growth and climate change, transboundary water issues, and pollution. WACREP aims to enhance water security and climate resilience through integrated water resources management, capacity building, and local resilience projects. The status and process for developing WACREP's work plan are outlined, along with challenges of limited time, political commitment, and partner capacity.
THEME – 5 Climate change, agro-biodiversity and food security in West AfricaICARDA
This document summarizes a presentation on climate change, agro-biodiversity, and food security in West Africa. It discusses the environmental challenges facing the region, including decreasing rainfall and increasing temperatures from south to north. It outlines the potential impacts of climate change on biodiversity, such as species loss and reduced crop yields. Two climate change scenarios for 2050 are presented based on different climate models, both showing declining rainfall along coastal areas and potential yield increases or decreases depending on the crop and location. The presentation concludes with an overview of agricultural research in the region conducted by CORAF/WECARD to promote sub-regional cooperation and solve common agricultural problems through research programs focused on key sub-sectors and cross-cutting issues like
Session 1 - Global Forum Water-Energy-Food Nexus, November 2014, SadoffOECD Environment
This document discusses the objectives and findings of the Global Dialogue on Water Security and Sustainable Growth task force. The task force aims to understand how water security impacts economic growth. Key findings include:
1) Water insecurity significantly limits economic growth globally and across all economies. Hydrological variability, like drought and floods, is a major causal factor.
2) The largest economic risks are related to inadequate water supply and sanitation, floods, and droughts/water scarcity. Many of the largest risks are in South Asia, Africa, and parts of Latin America and Asia.
3) Countries' pathways to water security depend on context and sequencing of investments in infrastructure and institutions over time. Case studies provide lessons
Climate change impacts in nepal and its futureprajwal1974ad
Climate change is expected to have significant impacts in Nepal:
- Temperatures are increasing faster than the global average, with winters warming more than summers. Extreme weather events will become more common.
- Agriculture, which many depend on for livelihood, will be negatively impacted. Staple crops like rice, wheat and maize are expected to see decreased yields.
- Glacial retreat and increased glacial lake outburst floods pose catastrophic flooding risks. The frequency and size of such events are increasing.
- Other impacts include increased water-borne diseases, altered ecosystems affecting livelihoods, and substantial expected economic losses.
- Adaptation is a priority given Nepal's high vulnerability and existing low
Olayide.building and sustaining institutional researchOlawale Olayide
UI-NADA is a metadata repository created at the University of Ibadan, Nigeria to provide open access to research data and improve knowledge management in African universities. It has grown significantly since launching in 2015, with increasing numbers of views and downloads. However, sustainable partnerships and additional resources are still needed to maintain UI-NADA long-term and expand its role in supporting evidence-based policymaking across Africa.
Olayide.cresting presentation on circularity africa 2020Olawale Olayide
The document provides information about the Circularity Africa 2020 conference organized by the IMAGES Initiative. The conference aims to catalyze green businesses and circular economy for sustainable development in Africa. It is expected to be the largest science-policy-practice event in Africa in 2020 and will help participants turn circular economy concepts into profitable opportunities through inspirational sessions, networking, and exhibitions. The conference will include high-level political discourses, policy roundtables, an academic program, a school challenge on green innovations, and keynote speakers addressing topics like extended producer responsibility and cleaner production.
FROM CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY (CSR) TO CORPORATE SUSTAINABILITY Olawale Olayide
State of the World
Definition of Terms (Sustainability Dimensions & Pillars)
State of the World of Business
Difference between CSR & Corporate Sustainability
Achieving Corporate Sustainability (Instrumentation & Framework)
Olayide.promoting nature based solutions to address africa's climate challengeOlawale Olayide
This document discusses nature-based solutions to address climate change challenges in Africa. It notes that African countries are highly vulnerable to climate change impacts due to factors like resource mismanagement. Climate change affects economic sectors like agriculture, industries, transportation, and households. The document then outlines proposed nature-based solutions in these sectors, including eco-industrial parks, organic agriculture, electric vehicles, and renewable energy. It concludes that Africa faces significant climate change challenges, sectors both contribute to and can address the problem, and stakeholders should promote sustainable transitions and ecosystem-based approaches.
This document outlines the differences between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and corporate sustainability (CS). CSR focuses on short-term philanthropic actions and reporting what a business has done in the last 12 months to contribute to society. In contrast, CS takes a more strategic, long-term approach focused on securing a business's future through reducing waste, ensuring supply chain reliability, developing new markets, and building brand value. While CSR is managed by HR and communications and does not have to align with business goals, CS is integrated into core business operations and managed by operations and marketing teams to create emerging market opportunities essential for long-term business success.
This document summarizes the process of developing and publishing a book on socio-ecological systems. It describes the author's participation in conferences that motivated the project. It details the proposal, contributions from 13 chapters across 4 national and 2 cross-border settings on 3 continents. It acknowledges some errors that will be corrected online. Finally, it highlights the book as a valuable resource across multiple disciplines and thanks benefactors for their support.
The document discusses competencies for mobile researchers and developing the next generation of researchers. It presents the CIRCLE model for developing research competence and ten simple rules for international short-term research stays, including selecting a host institution, planning funding needs in advance, respecting the host institution, and being prepared to resolve problems amicably. The overall document provides guidance on skills and considerations for mobile researchers and developing future researchers.
This document introduces the concepts of circular economy and its principles. It outlines that circular economy is an emerging field of research and practice for sustainability. The principles of circular economy, called the 10Rs, encourage refusing, reducing, reselling, reusing, repairing, refurbishing, remanufacturing, recycling materials, recovering energy, and re-mining resources. Examples are provided of how circular practices can be applied, along with lessons for applying circular economy in Nigeria.
This document summarizes a presentation given at the 12th WARIMA International Conference & Workshops at the University of Ibadan in Nigeria from November 26-30, 2018. The presentation addressed the challenges early career researchers in Nigeria face with limited access to online resources and low web footprints, which affects their scholarship, research impact, and career development. A study was conducted of early career researchers at the University of Ibadan to profile the online platforms they use and access their web footprints. The study found that the researchers have low web presences and use platforms like ResearchGate but less so for others like SlideShare. It was concluded that mentoring and opportunities are needed to enhance the researchers' web footprints and
This document summarizes a study on analyzing the water usage and nutritional yields of staple crops in Nigeria. It finds that rice has the highest total water footprint but lower protein and iron contents compared to maize and millet. The study developed a crop water model and database to estimate water demands and nutrient profiles of various crops. It recommends identifying crops that offer the best tradeoffs between low water use and high nutrition to inform sustainable agricultural policies and practices in Nigeria. The document stresses the importance of stakeholder engagement and building collaboration between government, academic and nonprofit organizations to facilitate evidence-based decision making.
This document discusses instruments for communication and accountability regarding the Malabo Declaration. It provides context on the Malabo Declaration within the frameworks of Agenda 2063 and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. It then reviews progress made by countries in implementing the Malabo Declaration goals based on the Africa Agriculture Transformation Scorecard. Key policy issues requiring improvement are identified for Malawi based on its scorecard results. Finally, examples of communication tools and stakeholders' roles in accountability are briefly covered.
This document outlines the success of placements for students through the IFAD-MDP (International Fund for Agricultural Development - Masters for Development Practice) partnership. It discusses how the University of Ibadan in Nigeria has placed over 30 students with IFAD projects across 5 African countries over 2017-2018. Key factors that contributed to the successful placements included effective communication, adequate planning, understanding tasks, and teamwork. The partnership has provided unintended benefits like students translating the UN's Sustainable Development Goals into local languages and building global networks. It serves as an example of how such programs can train students in development practice and foster collaboration between academia, donors, and practitioners.
Aims of Symposium on Climate Change Adaptation in AfricaOlawale Olayide
Welcome Keynote Presentation at the 2nd Symposium on Climate Change Adaptation in Africa (SCCAA) 2018 which held at the International Conference Centre, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
Olayide.case studies in sustainability assessment and reporting (Olawale Olayide
This document discusses sustainability assessment and reporting, with a focus on corporate governance, mission statements, and strategies. It addresses how sustainability relates to these topics and the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Key points include:
- Corporate governance determines the operating space, incentives and obstacles for businesses and should be consistent with sustainability.
- Implementing the SDGs in business activities can create new opportunities, funding, jobs and environmental benefits.
- Assessing and reporting on sustainability is now part of core corporate governance requirements.
- Case studies from Nigeria and other countries illustrate sustainability practices in different sectors like banking.
Olaniyan1 & olayide.isdrs conference 2017 june 16 finalOlawale Olayide
The document discusses Africa's Agenda 2063 framework for sustainable development and its relationship to the UN's Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It notes that Agenda 2063 and the SDGs show convergence on issues like social development, economic growth, and environmental sustainability. However, there are also some divergences, with Agenda 2063 focusing more on issues like African identity/culture and security, while the SDGs address inequality and sustainable resource management less. Realizing both frameworks offers Africa an opportunity for inclusive, transformative development to achieve sustainability over the coming decades as its population grows rapidly.
This report on the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) and Master's in Development Practice (MDP field practicum was presented during the MDP Summit which held during 10-13 June, 2017 at Universidad de los Andes, Bogota, Colombia.
RoHS stands for Restriction of Hazardous Substances, which is also known as t...vijaykumar292010
RoHS stands for Restriction of Hazardous Substances, which is also known as the Directive 2002/95/EC. It includes the restrictions for the use of certain hazardous substances in electrical and electronic equipment. RoHS is a WEEE (Waste of Electrical and Electronic Equipment).
Kinetic studies on malachite green dye adsorption from aqueous solutions by A...Open Access Research Paper
Water polluted by dyestuffs compounds is a global threat to health and the environment; accordingly, we prepared a green novel sorbent chemical and Physical system from an algae, chitosan and chitosan nanoparticle and impregnated with algae with chitosan nanocomposite for the sorption of Malachite green dye from water. The algae with chitosan nanocomposite by a simple method and used as a recyclable and effective adsorbent for the removal of malachite green dye from aqueous solutions. Algae, chitosan, chitosan nanoparticle and algae with chitosan nanocomposite were characterized using different physicochemical methods. The functional groups and chemical compounds found in algae, chitosan, chitosan algae, chitosan nanoparticle, and chitosan nanoparticle with algae were identified using FTIR, SEM, and TGADTA/DTG techniques. The optimal adsorption conditions, different dosages, pH and Temperature the amount of algae with chitosan nanocomposite were determined. At optimized conditions and the batch equilibrium studies more than 99% of the dye was removed. The adsorption process data matched well kinetics showed that the reaction order for dye varied with pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order. Furthermore, the maximum adsorption capacity of the algae with chitosan nanocomposite toward malachite green dye reached as high as 15.5mg/g, respectively. Finally, multiple times reusing of algae with chitosan nanocomposite and removing dye from a real wastewater has made it a promising and attractive option for further practical applications.
Evolving Lifecycles with High Resolution Site Characterization (HRSC) and 3-D...Joshua Orris
The incorporation of a 3DCSM and completion of HRSC provided a tool for enhanced, data-driven, decisions to support a change in remediation closure strategies. Currently, an approved pilot study has been obtained to shut-down the remediation systems (ISCO, P&T) and conduct a hydraulic study under non-pumping conditions. A separate micro-biological bench scale treatability study was competed that yielded positive results for an emerging innovative technology. As a result, a field pilot study has commenced with results expected in nine-twelve months. With the results of the hydraulic study, field pilot studies and an updated risk assessment leading site monitoring optimization cost lifecycle savings upwards of $15MM towards an alternatively evolved best available technology remediation closure strategy.
Presented by The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action at GLF Peatlands 2024 - The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies.EpconLP
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies. With over 4000 installations worldwide, EPCON has been pioneering new techniques since 1977 that have become industry standards now. Founded in 1977, Epcon has grown from a one-man operation to a global leader in developing and manufacturing innovative air pollution control technology and industrial heating equipment.
Improving the viability of probiotics by encapsulation methods for developmen...Open Access Research Paper
The popularity of functional foods among scientists and common people has been increasing day by day. Awareness and modernization make the consumer think better regarding food and nutrition. Now a day’s individual knows very well about the relation between food consumption and disease prevalence. Humans have a diversity of microbes in the gut that together form the gut microflora. Probiotics are the health-promoting live microbial cells improve host health through gut and brain connection and fighting against harmful bacteria. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus are the two bacterial genera which are considered to be probiotic. These good bacteria are facing challenges of viability. There are so many factors such as sensitivity to heat, pH, acidity, osmotic effect, mechanical shear, chemical components, freezing and storage time as well which affects the viability of probiotics in the dairy food matrix as well as in the gut. Multiple efforts have been done in the past and ongoing in present for these beneficial microbial population stability until their destination in the gut. One of a useful technique known as microencapsulation makes the probiotic effective in the diversified conditions and maintain these microbe’s community to the optimum level for achieving targeted benefits. Dairy products are found to be an ideal vehicle for probiotic incorporation. It has been seen that the encapsulated microbial cells show higher viability than the free cells in different processing and storage conditions as well as against bile salts in the gut. They make the food functional when incorporated, without affecting the product sensory characteristics.
Microbial characterisation and identification, and potability of River Kuywa ...Open Access Research Paper
Water contamination is one of the major causes of water borne diseases worldwide. In Kenya, approximately 43% of people lack access to potable water due to human contamination. River Kuywa water is currently experiencing contamination due to human activities. Its water is widely used for domestic, agricultural, industrial and recreational purposes. This study aimed at characterizing bacteria and fungi in river Kuywa water. Water samples were randomly collected from four sites of the river: site A (Matisi), site B (Ngwelo), site C (Nzoia water pump) and site D (Chalicha), during the dry season (January-March 2018) and wet season (April-July 2018) and were transported to Maseno University Microbiology and plant pathology laboratory for analysis. The characterization and identification of bacteria and fungi were carried out using standard microbiological techniques. Nine bacterial genera and three fungi were identified from Kuywa river water. Clostridium spp., Staphylococcus spp., Enterobacter spp., Streptococcus spp., E. coli, Klebsiella spp., Shigella spp., Proteus spp. and Salmonella spp. Fungi were Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus flavus complex and Penicillium species. Wet season recorded highest bacterial and fungal counts (6.61-7.66 and 3.83-6.75cfu/ml) respectively. The results indicated that the river Kuywa water is polluted and therefore unsafe for human consumption before treatment. It is therefore recommended that the communities to ensure that they boil water especially for drinking.
Improving the Management of Peatlands and the Capacities of Stakeholders in I...
Olayide et al.icsd 2015
1. CIRCLE | www.acu.ac.uk/circle
Review of Vulnerability and Policy Responses to
Water Supply and Extreme Rainfall Events in
Nigeria
Olawale E. Olayide1,2*, Isaac K. Tetteh2
& Labode Popoola1
1University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
2Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
*Email: waleolayide@yahoo.com, oe.olayide@ui.edu.ng
3. CIRCLE | www.acu.ac.uk/circle
Introduction
• Climate change is now a global development challenge
• The United Nations has identified climate change as one of the areas for the
sustainable development goals (SDGs)
• The SDG 13 seeks to take urgent action to combat climate change and its
impacts (United Nations 2015). Climate change impacts are predicted to
result in extreme rainfall events (flooding and droughts).
4. CIRCLE | www.acu.ac.uk/circle
Introduction
• Nigeria’s high vulnerability to climate change and climate change events are
due to a number of factors:
its geographical characteristics,
limited capacity to adapt,
dependence on climate-sensitive resources,
teeming population,
concentration of GDP generating industry in locations that are highly
vulnerable to climate change, and
wide-spread and high levels of poverty
5. CIRCLE | www.acu.ac.uk/circle
Introduction
• Sönke and Eckstein (2014) reported on the global Climate Risk Index,
noting that less developed countries (including Nigeria) are generally more
affected by extreme climate and weather-related events than industrialized
countries
• Climate change could result to loss in GDP of about 30% by 2050 in
Nigeria. This could worth an estimated US$ 100 to 460 billion dollars (IPCC,
2007)
• With minimal adaptation to no adaptation scenarios, about 2-11% of GDP
could be lost by 2020 (Spurgeon et al., 2009)
6. CIRCLE | www.acu.ac.uk/circle
Introduction
• The IPCC (2007) stated that “Africa (including Nigeria) is one of the most
vulnerable continents because of multiple stresses and low adaptive
capacity.
• The multiple stresses arising from climatic hazards, poverty and unequal
access to resources, food insecurity, globalization trends, social and political
conflicts and incidences of diseases such as malaria, tuberculosis and
HIV/AIDS” are all worst in Africa.
7. CIRCLE | www.acu.ac.uk/circle
Introduction
• Besides, high levels of poverty have implications for resilience, adaptation
and mitigation to climate change in Nigeria (IPCC, 2007; NBS, 2005).
• Poverty reduces adaptive capacity to climate change
• The vulnerable and poor people are less able to fend for themselves and
are less able to adapt to changing circumstances (Spurgeon et al., 2009;
Ngigi, 2009)
• The population of Nigerians in poverty has been increasing since 1980 as
shown in Table 1 below.
8. CIRCLE | www.acu.ac.uk/circle
Table 1: Trends in Relative Poverty Levels in Nigeria
(1980-2010)
Year Poverty Incidence (%) Estimated Total Population
(Millions)
Population in poverty
(Millions)
1980 8.1 65.0 18.26
1985 46.3 75.0 34.73
1992 42.7 91.5 39.07
1996 65.6 102.3 67.11
2004
2010
54.4
69.0
126.3
163.0
68.70
112.50
9. CIRCLE | www.acu.ac.uk/circle
Materials & Methods
• Comparable time series dataset on agricultural production and sustainability
outcomes, including political systems (military or democratic rule) and
international development agenda (pre-millennium development goals era
or millennium development goals era) spanning 1961- 2012
• Descriptive statistics (means, standard deviations and coefficients of
variation) and inferential statistical models (analysis of variance) were
employed.
10. CIRCLE | www.acu.ac.uk/circle
Materials & Methods
• Scope of study
• This review presents the policy responses (including, past and recent
developments) of government of Nigeria towards combating climate change
and its impacts. We focus on water supply for agriculture and extreme
rainfall events
• Data type and sources
• Data used for the review and analysis were extracted from statistical bulletin
of the National Bureau of Statics (NBS, 2014) and the other publications
11. CIRCLE | www.acu.ac.uk/circle
Materials & Methods
• Analytical techniques
• The analytical techniques involved empirical analyses and narratives on
water resources (including, trends in rainfall, hydrological areas)
• A synthesis of the vulnerability to water supply and climate change
12. CIRCLE | www.acu.ac.uk/circle
Results & Discussion
• Trends in rainfall and extreme rainfall events in Nigeria
The results in Table 2 reveal average rainfall of 355 (±64.24) millilitres. The
frequency of extreme rainfall events (flooding incidences) in Nigeria has
been on increase in 1970
13. CIRCLE | www.acu.ac.uk/circle
Table 2. Rainfall, Flooding and Irrigation in Nigeria, 1970-2012.
Period Duration
(number of
years)
Rainfall in
millilitre
Change in
rainfall in
millilitre
Proportion of arable land
under irrigation (mean &
standard deviation)
Change in
proportion of arable
land under irrigation
Occurrence of flooding
(number of time in
years)
1970-1979 10 379.90 (57.09) - 1.45 (0.01) - 4
1980-1989 10 352.30 (70.44)
-27.60
1.40 (0.03)
-0.05
7
1990-1999 10 326.40 (93.91)
-25.90
1.59 (0.05)
0.19
3
2000-2009 10 354.96 (17.27)
28.56
1.86 (0.07)
0.17
2
2010-2012 3 382.07 (17.94)
27.11
1.99 (0.02)
0.13
2
1970-2012 43 355.39 (64.24) - 1.61 (0.21) - 18
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Synthesis of the vulnerability to water supply and climate change
Climate risk Impact Vulnerability system Effects
Increased
precipitation
Flooding Water supply (groundwater) Equipment failure
Flooding of intake system
Water supply (reservoir) Pollution of service reservoirs
Flooding of taps and float valves increase risk of
contamination
Flooding of essential unit process
Decreased
precipitation
Water scarcity Agricultural production and
food security
Drought and reduction in agricultural production
Falling groundwater levels low flows in surface waters
Salinity of groundwater affects water supplies
Food security challenge
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Policy responses to vulnerability to water supply and climate change in
Nigeria
Policy framework Remarks/coverage
River Basin Development Programme Provide large scale irrigation and drainage for enhancing all-year round
agricultural production
Fadama Projects (I-III) Provide small-scale irrigation (surface and tubewells) for farmers in low-
lying water areas
National Integrated Water Resources Management
Commission Draft Bill
Has provisions for development of water catchment management plan
and water efficiency strategies
Vision 20 : 2020 – First National Implementation
Plan Sectoral Plans and Programmes
Recognises climate change impacts on the environment and water
resources for agriculture.
National Adaptation Strategy and Plan of Action
(NASPA)
Climate change adaptation strategies
16. CIRCLE | www.acu.ac.uk/circle
Conclusion
• Water resources related climate change impacts in Nigeria are manifested
in form of extreme rainfall events (flooding and droughts)
• Nigeria’s high vulnerability to climate change events are due to a number of
factors, including the geographical characteristics, limited capacity to adapt,
dependence on climate-sensitive resources, teeming population,
concentration of GDP generating industry in locations that are highly
vulnerable to climate change, and high levels of poverty
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Conclusion
• Impacts of climate risks are flooding and water scarcity (drought). Flooding
incidences have been recorded for as much as 18 times representing 42
percent of times over the study period of 1970-2012
• These impacts render the citizen vulnerable to the effects of flooding
through inundation, pollution, contamination of taps and valves as well as
falling groundwater levels and food security challenges
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Recommendations
• Need to enhance the development of small-scale and large-scale irrigation
schemes for agricultural development
• Provide safety net for vulnerable groups (conditional cash transfers),
disaster risk management (insurance system), and environmental protection
(drainage and afforestation), climate change financing and development of
business models
• Need to promote the development of climate financing, resilient/smart
agriculture, adoption of appropriate adaptive strategies, and climate
mitigation measures in order to sustain economic development of the
largest economy in Africa - Nigeria
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Acknowledgements
• The Climate Impact Research Capacity and Leadership Enhancement
(CIRCLE) programme
• Our universities (University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria and Kwame Nkrumah
University of Science and technology, Kumasi, Ghana)
• African Growth and Development Policy (AGRODEP) Modeling Consortium
and the United Nations Sustainable Development Solutions Network
UNSDSN)