What lasting solutions to Desertification Land degradation and Drought issues in the context of "The Future We Want"?
Outline
1). Land as a strategic commodity in the Nexus of Poverty-Food-Energy-Water
2). Understanding Land degradation, Desertification and Drought
3). The UNCCD from Rio Summit (1992) to Rio+20
4). Land-degradation neutral world: a holistic framework for lasting solutions?
5). The reasons for hope
Asia Regional Program Planning Meeting- Climate Change Impacts in Asia,Prese...ICRISAT
Land degradation -a temporary or permanent decline in the productive capacity of the land, or its potential for environmental management.2 billion ha (22.5%) out of 8.7 billion ha degraded; support ~1.5 billion people Cost of land degradation –300 billion USD per annum Causes -Water & wind erosion, nutrient and or soil organic C depletion, water logging, compaction, salinization, acidification, pollution. Soil chemical degradation like nutrient-loss accounts for >40% of cropland degradation.
Asia Regional Program Planning Meeting- Climate Change Impacts in Asia,Prese...ICRISAT
Land degradation -a temporary or permanent decline in the productive capacity of the land, or its potential for environmental management.2 billion ha (22.5%) out of 8.7 billion ha degraded; support ~1.5 billion people Cost of land degradation –300 billion USD per annum Causes -Water & wind erosion, nutrient and or soil organic C depletion, water logging, compaction, salinization, acidification, pollution. Soil chemical degradation like nutrient-loss accounts for >40% of cropland degradation.
Socio-economic Impacts of Land Degradation and the Need for Leadership for A ...Global Risk Forum GRFDavos
Socio-economic Impacts of Land Degradation and the Need for Leadership for A Complex World: A Case Study in Southern Mexico by Michael J. Manfredo Professor and Dept. Head, Colorado State University, USA; during the Special Event "The Socio-Economics of Desertification, Land Degradation and Drought" during the WEF Annual Meeting 2011 in Davos Switzerland
Land is a complex, multi-component natural entity that becomes a resource base when used for a specific purpose or purposes. Land degradation is a concept in which the value of the biophysical environment is affected by one or more combination of natural and human-induced processes acting upon the land. It is a temporary or Permanent decline in the productive capacity of land. It is also the reduction in the capability of the land to produce benefits from a particular land use under a specified form of land management. Major forms of land degradation are water and wind erosion, desertification and chemical erosion. Urban expansion is also a form of land degradation. Negative effects of land degradation affect heavily on environment and economy which is a cause of grave concern. Land degradation has significant costs, particularly in developing countries (Rosegrant and Ringler, 1991). It does not only reduces farm productivity affecting livelihood and regional economies, it also leads to reduced biodiversity. Land degradation in most developing countries is becoming a major constraint to future growth and development. About 40-75% of the world’s agricultural land’s productivity is reduced due to land degradation (IFPRI, 2001). Increased support for research and extension to increase crop yields is crucial to meeting the needs of a growing human population for food, biomass energy, fiber, and timber. There is a need to increase support to biodiversity preservation by alleviating pressure to convert remaining natural habitat to croplands. There is a need for more public investments to support SLM to slow land degradation.
T12- AGRICULTURE DROUGHT and LAND DEGRADATION LOSS in ARAB REGIONNENAwaterscarcity
Prof. Wadid ERIAN
DIRECTOR, Land and Water Uses Division
LAS ACSAD
Lead Author in IPCC - SREX , WGII
Member in UNISDR GAR Advisory Board
Advisor World Bank
Socio-economic Impacts of Land Degradation and the Need for Leadership for A ...Global Risk Forum GRFDavos
Socio-economic Impacts of Land Degradation and the Need for Leadership for A Complex World: A Case Study in Southern Mexico by Michael J. Manfredo Professor and Dept. Head, Colorado State University, USA; during the Special Event "The Socio-Economics of Desertification, Land Degradation and Drought" during the WEF Annual Meeting 2011 in Davos Switzerland
Land is a complex, multi-component natural entity that becomes a resource base when used for a specific purpose or purposes. Land degradation is a concept in which the value of the biophysical environment is affected by one or more combination of natural and human-induced processes acting upon the land. It is a temporary or Permanent decline in the productive capacity of land. It is also the reduction in the capability of the land to produce benefits from a particular land use under a specified form of land management. Major forms of land degradation are water and wind erosion, desertification and chemical erosion. Urban expansion is also a form of land degradation. Negative effects of land degradation affect heavily on environment and economy which is a cause of grave concern. Land degradation has significant costs, particularly in developing countries (Rosegrant and Ringler, 1991). It does not only reduces farm productivity affecting livelihood and regional economies, it also leads to reduced biodiversity. Land degradation in most developing countries is becoming a major constraint to future growth and development. About 40-75% of the world’s agricultural land’s productivity is reduced due to land degradation (IFPRI, 2001). Increased support for research and extension to increase crop yields is crucial to meeting the needs of a growing human population for food, biomass energy, fiber, and timber. There is a need to increase support to biodiversity preservation by alleviating pressure to convert remaining natural habitat to croplands. There is a need for more public investments to support SLM to slow land degradation.
T12- AGRICULTURE DROUGHT and LAND DEGRADATION LOSS in ARAB REGIONNENAwaterscarcity
Prof. Wadid ERIAN
DIRECTOR, Land and Water Uses Division
LAS ACSAD
Lead Author in IPCC - SREX , WGII
Member in UNISDR GAR Advisory Board
Advisor World Bank
Perspectives on current and emerging land governance challenges and ILC's re...Ilc Landcoalition
On 18 September, ILC was invited to give a Briefing session with IFAD Executive Board during a lunchtime session on Perspectives on current and emerging land governance challenges and ILC's responses. ILC Director Madiodio Niasse described the history and evolution of the ILC, land issues and their relationship to the geopolitics of food and the challenge of securing land rights for the poor.
Keynote Lecture by Luc Gnacadja, Executive Secretary United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification during the Special Event "The Socio-Economics of Desertification, Land Degradation and Drought" during the WEF Annual Meeting 2011 in Davos, Switzerland
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Cop 22 - Session November 16th 2016, Coping with Climate Change in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) Region Meeting future food demand through SCIENCE & INNOVATION
Land Degradation Neutrality and adaptation to climate changeNAP Events
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3.4 Synergy between climate change adaptation and other issues
The session will introduce approaches for facilitating synergy and inter-linkages in the implementation of climate change adaptation actions in the context of the formulation and implementation of NAPs, and relevant actions on biodiversity and desertification/land degradation. It will discuss the existing arrangements and opportunities, including capacity-building, and how can countries build on these to explore synergy between the three issues. It will also include practical experiences from countries.
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What lasting solutions to desertification - land degration issues lecture in windhoek
1. Land Degradation
Desertification
and
Drought issues
Publc Lecture
Windhoek, 25 July 2013
What
lasting
Solutions?
Luc GNACADJA
Executive Secretary
Luc GNACADJA
Executive Secretary
United Nations Convention
to Combat Desertification
2. Outline
1). Land as a stategic
commodity in the Nexus of
Poverty-Food-Energy-Water
Land Degradation
Desertification
and
Drought issues
2). Understanding Land
degradation, Desertification
and Drought
3). The UNCCD from Rio
Summit (1992) to Rio+20
4). Land-degradation neutral
world: a holistic framework for
lasting solutions?
5). The reasons for hope
Luc GNACADJA
Executive Secretary
United Nations Convention
to Combat Desertification
3. Estimated Cropland
expansion by 2030 for
food, feed and fuel
demand 175 to 220 Mha
Land is a strategic commodity in the nexus issuesMha/year
Urbanization: 3 of:
Sustainable
Poverty - Food & Water security - Energy access
Land & Sustainability
?
70% rural
Development
Poverty
Food security
80% hunger rural
+50% in 2030
+ 120 million ha
in 2030 +45%
Energy
Water
Land/Soil
Water in Agric 70%
in 2030 +30%
Deforestation: 70 to 80 % of expansion of cropland expansion
4. Land:
a scarce resource & a global Common
Water
3%
9%
14%
Mountains,
deserts, ice
75%
Rocky, wet, hot,
infertile areas,
roads or cities
Arable land
6. The legacy of DLDD
q
q
q
14%
9%
3%
q
q
q
q
q
LD is accelerating: Total land area degraded
15% in 1991 to 25% in 2011
More than 50% of agricultural moderately to
severely degraded
LD directly affects 1,5 billion people globally
(2008)
24 billionWater of fertile soil lost/year due to
tons
cropland erosion
12 million ha/Year lost due to drought and
Mountains,
desertification ice
deserts,
75%
Six million km2 of drylands bear a legacy of
Rocky,
desertification wet,
hot, infertile
Biodiversity: 27,000 species lost each year due
areas, roads
to Land Degradation (LD)
or cities
70 to 80 % of expansion of cropland leads to
deforestation
7. Africa
&
DLDD
issues
§ Dry
lands
(including
arid,
semi-‐arid
or
sub-‐humid
areas)
account
for:
§ 43%
of
land
area
§ 50%
of
popula@on
§ 75%
of
agriculture
land
§ About
75%
of
Africa’s
poor
(living
on
less
than
$1.25/day)
are
in
countries
with
dry
land
populaEon
>
25%
of
total
populaEon
Africa’s
Land:
§ Highest
producEvity
Gap
&
§ Highest
Poverty
rate
Source:
(CGIAR)
-‐
Zomer
et
al.
(2007)
and
Zomer
et
al.
(2008)
based
on
WorldClim
8. Desertification Risk &
Vulnerability in Africa
2/3 of Africa’s arable
land under use could
be lost by 2025 if the
trend of
Desertification and
Land Degradation
continues
(FAO
2009)
Desertification Vulnerability in Africa
Published
in:
P.F.
Reich,
S.T.
Numbem,
R.A.
Almaraz
and
H.
Eswaran
,
2001
Risk of human-induced desertification
9. DLDD & Linkages to other global issues
Extreme
Poverty
Increased
emissions of
GHG
Food insecurity
& Hunger
Increased
to Drought &
Water stress
Biodiversity
Loss
Environ. induced
Instability &
Deforestation
Crises
Migrations
DLDD has far-reaching impacts/conseguences
10. DLDD & Gender
Adult
female
literacy
declining
with
increasing
levels
of
aridity
in
West
Africa
13. Drought Disasters
Map of drought repartition were we can see that Africa, India, United
states, Australia are the most affected by drought. For example Africa
was exposed in some parts to up to nine droughts in the time span
17. Drought potential
worldwide 2000-2098
Source : University Corporation for Atmospheric Research - http://www2.ucar.edu/news/2904/climate-change-drought-may-threaten-much-globe-within-decades
18. Rio Summit 1992
Addressing drylands specific challenges:
The UNCCD
"
Environment & Development Convention
" Entered into force on 26 December 1996
" Ratified by 195 Parties
" 5 geographical Annexes (RAPs and
SRAPs)
" 113 National Action Programmes (NAPs)
" 168 Affected Parties (from 110)
19. Challenges
in implementing the UNCCD
q Low political recognition &
mainstreaming
q Weak scientific basis
q Lack of understanding of the
impacts of Desertification/Land
Degradation
q Inadequate financing
20. Drylands: Assumptions & Real Value
Assumptions &
Misperceptions
q
q
q
q
Drylands are waste
lands, marginal lands
with low productivity &
low adaptive capacity
Where poverty is
inevitable
Little contribution to
national prosperity
Cannot yield good
return to investments
The real value of
Drylands
"
+1/3 of the world land
mass and population
"
44% of the World’s food
production system
"
50% of the World’s
livestock
"
Dry forest made 42% of
the earth's tropical and
subtropical open or
closed forests
"
Home to the world’s
largest diversity of
mammals
21. The UNCCD Strategy:
A framework for result-based implementation
UNCCD
To generate Global Benefits
3
2
To improve the Conditions of affected Ecosystems
1
To improve the Livelihood of Affected Populations
To mobilize resources through building effective
partnerships among all stakeholders
*SLM = Sustainable Land Management
23. Major policy development
from Rio+20 Summit
The Vision of a
LandDegradation
Neutral World
A holistic
framework for
lasting
solutions to
DLDD issues
United Nations Convention
to Combat Desertification
24. DLDD in “The Future We Want”
Outcomes (para 205-209)
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
DLDD are challenges of a global dimension and
continue to pose serious challenges to the sustainable
development of all countries
Strive to achieve a land-degradation neutral world
Monitor land degradation globally and restore restore
degraded (in drylands) in order to contribute to
sustainable development and poverty eradication
To improve science and science-policy interface to
addresss DLDD
Improve cooperation for information sharing and early
warning systems
25. Global politics of
responsibility for land stewardship
In the context of the Post-2015 Global Dev. Agenda
l A SDG on land
q ZNLD
by 2030
q ZNFD by 2030
q NDMP by 2020
l
Enhancing Human security: invest to improve
the underperforming assets of the poor
q Eradicating
Poverty
q Ensuring Food-Water-Energy security
26. Poverty eradication
Improving livelihood
through pro-poor policies
on Sustainable Land &
Water Management
Food Security
Preserving the resource
base for food security –
Land productivity/Soil
fertility improvement at
the core of all long term
strategies
Drought &
Water stress
Improving water
availability & quality
through sustainable land
& water management
Biodiversity
Climate change
The Vision of a LDNW Biodiversity conservation
Land is a win-win context An integrated framework
through improvement of
for adaptation, mitigation
land ecosystems’
for Landscape approach
& resilience building
conditions
Avoided
Deforestation
SLM & Restoration of
degraded Lands as an
alternative to
Deforestation
Bio Energies
Opportunities for Bio
energies through
biomass production
Avoiding environ.
Forced Migrations
Changing the “DegradeAbandon-Migrate” or
DAM Paradigm
30. Farmer-managed natural
regeneration in Niger
l
l
l
l
l
l
5,000,000 ha re-greened in
20 years (only labour for
protection, investment in
extension, no recurrent
costs to governments)
200 million new trees
additional cereal
production/year: 500,000
ton
2.5 million people fed
1.25 million rural
households involved &
Resilient to climatic shocks
Challenges for scaling up
and dissemination
l Secure Land tenure and
Land use rights
l Public investments on
infrastructures
l Legislation
32. Source: World Resources Institute, South Dakota State University, the IUCN
and the Global Partnership on Forest Landscape Restoration - http://
www.wri.org/map/global-map-forest-landscape-restoration-opportunities
33. “We also need to reward
those who make drylands
productive, so they will
prosper and others will seek
to emulate their example”
Ban Ki-moon, on 17 June 2011