The document discusses the political, economic, social, and educational conditions in the Philippines during the Spanish colonial period until the 19th century. It describes the unstable political environment in Spain, misrule and abuse by corrupt Spanish officials, the abandonment of mercantilism, and the centralized colonial government established by Spain. It also outlines the social stratification between Peninsulares, Insulares, Chinese, and Indios, as well as the feudalistic social structure. Regarding education, the document discusses the 1863 Educational Decree that established schools but limited access and curriculum, with the friars exercising control.

1. The Philippine’s
Economic, Social,
and Political
Conditions during
the Spanish
Colonization until
the19th century as
Rizal’s context.
Prepared By:
RONALDO D. MANGLO (L.P.T, MAED)

2. Philippine 19th century
1805 Nueva Vizcaya Revolt
1807 Ambaristo Revolt
1811 the last state galleon left Manila for Mexico
1813 Spain ended the Galleon Trade
1815 the last state Galleon left Acapulco for Manila
1821 The Philippine as province of Spain
1823 Rebellion of Andres Novales
1849 Gov. Gen. Narciso Claveria y Zaldua issue the
Claveria degree [Catalogo Alfabetico de Appelidos

3. Political Istability in Spain
� Canovite system/ Rotativism
The liberal and conservatives in Spain took turns
in administering the affairs of the country"
solution to political disunity.

4. Spanish misrules and abuses
� Corrupt officials
� No representation in the Spanish cortes
� Human rights of the Filipinos are denied
� No equality before the law
� Injustice
� Racial discrimination
� Frailocracy
� Force labor
� Friars owning haciendas
� Guardia civils

5. Abandonment of Mercantilism
� Laissez – Faire policy is an economic system in
which transactions between private groups of
people are free from or almost free from any form
of economic interventionism such as regulation
and subsidies.
� Encomienda System The encomienda was a
Spanish labor system that rewarded conquerors
with the labor of particular groups of conquered
non-Christian people. The laborers, in theory, were
provided with benefits by the conquerors for
whom they labored, the Catholic religion being a
principal benefit

6. Administrative Organization
Spain established a centralized colonial
government that was composed of a national
government and the local government that
administrative province, town cities and
municipalities
Spanish Crown (the Monarchy of Spain) through
Ministry of Colonies

8. Executive Branch
*Head of the spanish colonial government
*Appointed by the spanish monarch
*Represented crown in all government matters
*Supervised all government offices and collection
of taxes
*He can nominate priest for ecclesiastical
administration of the parishes
*Commander in chief of colonial army
*Vice royal Patron over religious affairs
*Has legislative powers, he can legislate law for
colony

9. Provincial Government
*Excercise executive and judicial functions
*Manages the day to day operations of provincial
government
*Implements the law and supervised the collection
of taxes

10. Pueblos
Head:Gobernadorcillo/ town mayor
� He was elected by all married males in the 19th
century, he was voted by 13 electors.
� Prepare the tribute list (padron) recruitment and
distribution of men labor for draft labor communal
public work military conscription, postal clerk and
judge in minor civil suits.
� Intervenes in all administrative cases pertaining to
his town, lands, finance and municipal police

11. Barrios
Head: Cabeza de Barangay/ Barrio Administrator
� Maintain peace and order
� Collect taxes and tributes in the barangay
� Responsible for peace and order and recruited
men communal public works

12. Municipal Government
Head: Corregidor
� Governed the provinces that were not yet
entirely under Spanish control

13. City Government
Ayuntamiento/ City
Head: Cabildo/ City Council
City mayor / Alcalde en ordinario
Councilors / Regidores
Chief constables / Aguacil mayor
Secretary / Escribano

14. Union of Church and State
� Spanish friars- supervising representative of the
spanish government for all local affairs
� He was practically the ruler of town as he was the
local inspector, health inspector, prison inspector,
inspector of the accounts of the gobernadorcillos
and cabeza de barangays.
� His approval was required in census list of army
conscript, and register of births, death and
marriages

15. Union of Church and State
Frailocracia- fear of
the civil authorities
to the friars.

16. Union of Church and State
� Guardia Civil – organized in 1867, a corps of native
police under the leadership of spanish officers for
the purposes of dealing with outlaws and
renegades
� In 1880, it was the most feared instrument of
summary arrest of individuals identified by the friars
as filibusteros or enemies of the government and
erehes or enemies of the catholic church.

17. Residencia
� Investigates the performance of governor-general
who was about to be replaced.
� The incoming Governor- General was usually a
member submits a report of findings to the king.

18. Visita
� Council of indies in spain sent a government
official called the Visitador General to observe
conditions in the colony

19. Royal Audiencia
� Highest court in the land
� Served as an advisory body to the Governor –
General, checks and report’s abuses
� Audit the expeditures of the colonial government
� Sends a yearly report to spain

20. Social Structure
Philippine society was feudalistic as a consequence
of the encomienda system imposed the colonizers.
They collected all forms of taxes and tributes from
the Filipinos and even required the natives to render
the polo y servicios to the government or to the
Catholic church.

21. Tribute system
Peninsulares
not paying tribute
Insulares
Sangley
paying highest tribute
Chinese
Indio paid the lowest tribute

22. Social Structure
Peninsulares (Spaniard born in Spain)
Insulares (Spaniards born in the
Philippine)
Spanish mestizos
Chinese mestizos
Principalia ( ruling class of natives:
gobernadorcillos, cabeza de
barangay and owners of
merchants, wealth families
Indios or natives (masses)

23. Social Structure

24. Social Structure
Social ranking was created in our society.
Social tensions were created between and among
classes
A system of racial discrimination came to be
institutionalized
High posistion in government were opened only to
the pured blooded spaniard
Members of the middle class and the indios were
considered inferior by the upper classes

25. Philippine 19th century
1859 April 14 ten Spanish Jesuits arrived in manila
founding Escuela Pia Municipal de Manila in
intramuros
1861 June 19 Jose P. Mercado-Rizal Philippine’s
National Hero was born
1863 December 30 Jose Dela Concha, Minister of
colonies promulgated the Educational Decree 1863
Established the public educational system and
normal school for men
1869 March 22 Emilio Aguinaldo was born

26. Philippine 19th century
1872 January 20 Cavite Mutiny/ Martyrdom of three
Filipino priest, GOMBURZA
1872 February 17 Teodora Alonzo y Realonda, Rizal
mother was accused of poisoning Jose Alberto’s wife
[Teodora Formosa]

27. Spanish Era (Education System Curriculum)
*religion - oriented education
*Spanish missionaries as tutors
*Christian doctrine, prayers, and sacred song
*Teach cathechism to the natives
*Spanish language – compulsory
*Inadequate education
(suppressed/limited/controlled
*Education is privilege not right
*Education for the elite
*controlled by Friars

28. Spanish Era (Educational Decree of 1863)
Access to education by the Filipinos was later Liberized through
the enactment of the educational decree 1863.
Provided for the establishment of at least one primary school for
boys and girls in each town under the responsibility of the
municipal government:
Establishment of normal school for male teachers under the
supervision of the jesuits
The Spanish schools started accepting student Filipino and it
was during this time when the intellectual Filipinos emerged.

29. Spanish Era (Educational Decree of 1863)
The spanish curriculum consisted of 3R’s
(reading, writting, and religion)
The school were parochial or convent schools
The main reading materials were the cartilla, the
caton and the catecismo.
The schools were ungraded and the curriculum
organization was separately subject organization.
The method of organization was predominantly
individual memorization

30. Spanish Era (Educational Decree of 1863)
Spanish Devised Curriculum
The curriculum required to study of
Christian doctrine
Values
History
Reading writting in spanish (steno)
Mathematics
Agriculture
Etiquette
Singing
World geography
Spanish history

31. Spanish Era (Educational Decree of 1863)
There were not enough school built.
Teacher tend to use corporal punishment.
The friars exercised control over the schools and their
teachers and obstructed attempts to properly
educate the masses, as they considered wide
spread secular education to be threat to their hold
over the population.
Schools were often poorly equipped, lacking desk,
chairs, and writting materials.

32. Spanish Era (Educational Decree of 1863)
Through classes were supposed to be held from 7-10
am and 2:30 – 5pm throughout the year, school were
often empty.
Children skipped school to help with planting and
harvesting or even because their clothes were
ragged.

33. Spanish Era (School Built)
The school for boys and girls were separated
The first established schools were for the boys
The augustinians built the first school in the Philippines
situated in Cebu in 1565.
College was equivalent to a university during the
spanish regime
The student graduated with the degree in bachelor
of arts
(bachiller en Artes)

34. Spanish Era (School Built)
The first college school for the boys was the
“Colegio de San Ignacio which was established by
the jesuits in Manila in 1589

35. Colegio de San Ildefonso the Cebu City Colegio
was established by Fr. Antonio Sedeno, Fr. Pedro
Chirino, and Antonio Pereira of the Society of Jesus

36. Colegio de Sta. Potenciana 1589 first college for
girls in Manila, Destroyed in the 1645 earthquake.
School rebuilt but damaged during the British
Invasion of 1762 Schools abolished in 1866

37. Colegio de San Juan de Letran the college was
founded in 1620 has distinction of being oldest
college in the Philippines and the oldest
secondary institution in Asia

38. After 300 years of Colonization, the Filipinos
began their revolution. What do you
believe the primary reason is?

39. Activity no.2
tabulate and categorize the social,
political, education, cultural changes in
the nineteenth century Philippines to
the present times....
RUBRIC
Content -----------------30
Completeness -----------------50
Organization -----------------20
Total--------------------------------100 points