The 19th Century marked a significant shift towards modernity, which entailed a break from traditional ways of life and the emergence of new ideas, attitudes, and institutions. It was also part of the Age of Revolution, as it was characterized by several transformative events, including:
Industrial Revolution: The industrial revolution brought about new modes of production, transportation, and communication, leading to a shift from manual labor to machine-based production. This transformation of the economy and society resulted in new forms of work and leisure, as well as urbanization and the growth of cities.
Political Revolutions: Various political revolutions occurred during the 19th and late 18th century, such as the American Revolution and the French Revolution. These political upheavals were heavily influenced by the Enlightenment, a philosophical movement that valued reason, rationality, and individualism. The wave of political change challenged the power of the monarchy and paved the way for new forms of governance based on individual rights, nationalism, and freedom.
Whilst different parts of Europe were flourishing, such as Britain due to the Industrial Revolution and France due to the French Revolution, Spain was experiencing a slow decline.⁸ To better understand why, we need to examine its economic condition during this period.
Trading in the Philippines can be traced back to the time before the Spanish colonization. Early Philippine merchants traded with various countries, such as China, Japan, Siam, Cambodia, India, Borneo, and the Moluccas. When the Spanish Crown arrived, they saw an opportunity to profit from this trade. They closed the ports of Manila to all countries except Mexico, which was also a colony of Spain during the 16th century.⁹
This decision created a trade monopoly, known as the Manila-Acapulco Trade or Galleon Trade, which made Manila the center of commerce in the East.¹⁰ The goods traded included mangoes, tamarind, rice, carabao, Chinese tea, textiles, fireworks, perfume, precious stones, and tuba (a coconut wine). These were sent to Mexico and, on the return voyage, numerous and valuable flora and fauna were brought into the Philippines, including guava, avocado, papaya, pineapple, horses, and cattle. The trade monopoly made Spain a mercantilist superpower for a while. However, it did not last forever.
This is an edited version of the the uploaded presentation from www.slideshare.com. The pictures and videos embedded were all lifted from the internet particularly from youtube, sepiaera.wordpress.com, and google images
04 - Rizal's Life: Higher Education and Life Abroad (Part 2) | Life and Work...Humi
On May 3, 1882, Jose Rizal secretly left the Philippines aboard the S.S. Salvadora. Only his brother Paciano, two sisters, and a few close friends knew about his departure. Rizal knew that his parents would not approve of his decision to leave, as they feared for his safety.
Jose Rizal went to Madrid in 1882, where his brother Paciano wanted him to stay because it was the center of all the provinces of Spain and where he could learn the most.⁷ Rizal wasted no time in Madrid. He began writing for the Diariong Tagalog under the pseudonym Laong Laan, which means "ever prepared."
On August 20, 1882, his essay "El Amor Patrio" (Love of Country) was published. This work focuses on the author's perceptions of the Philippines, both tangible and imagined. It paints the Philippines as a homeland, worthy of love and protection. In his essay, Rizal wrote:
"Love is an extremely powerful force behind most noble activities. Of all loves, the love of country has inspired the grandest, the most heroic, and the most selfless of deeds. We need only read history books, historical records, or traditions to see this."
After writing "El Amor Patrio," Rizal suspended writing articles about the country because of his mother's opposition. The essay had alerted Spanish officials to Rizal's nationalistic tendencies, and his mother feared that he would be arrested. Rizal also had a difficult time gaining fame, so, he decided to focus on his studies instead.
Rizal enrolled at the Universidad Central de Madrid on November 3, 1882. He first enrolled in medicine, and later also enrolled in philosophy and letters. He found time for additional lessons, such as painting and sculpture at the Academy of San Carlos, and drawing at the Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando. He also found time to study French, German, and English.
Circulo Hispano-Filipino
During his first year in Madrid, José Rizal joined the Circulo Hispano-Filipino, a Filipino student organization that met regularly to discuss political issues and to voice out the concerns of Filipinos. The organization was able to publish the newspaper Revista del Circulo Hispano-Filipino, which aimed to express thoughts about the abusive Spanish government.
However, the publication was short-lived due to lack of funds and conflicting political issues. This led to the dissolution of the organization. Notable members of the organization included José Rizal, Marcelo H. del Pilar, Juan Luna, and Graciano López Jaena.
Jose Rizal had a difficult time financially during his stay in Madrid. His family's financial status had been declining due to crop failures and the increase in rentals of the Dominican hacienda lands in his hometown. As a result, the monthly allowance that Rizal received from the Philippines was often delayed or not enough. No Time To Waste
Jose Rizal went to Madrid in 1882, where his brother Paciano wanted him to stay because it was the center of all the provinces of..
This is an edited version of the the uploaded presentation from www.slideshare.com. The pictures and videos embedded were all lifted from the internet particularly from youtube, sepiaera.wordpress.com, and google images
04 - Rizal's Life: Higher Education and Life Abroad (Part 2) | Life and Work...Humi
On May 3, 1882, Jose Rizal secretly left the Philippines aboard the S.S. Salvadora. Only his brother Paciano, two sisters, and a few close friends knew about his departure. Rizal knew that his parents would not approve of his decision to leave, as they feared for his safety.
Jose Rizal went to Madrid in 1882, where his brother Paciano wanted him to stay because it was the center of all the provinces of Spain and where he could learn the most.⁷ Rizal wasted no time in Madrid. He began writing for the Diariong Tagalog under the pseudonym Laong Laan, which means "ever prepared."
On August 20, 1882, his essay "El Amor Patrio" (Love of Country) was published. This work focuses on the author's perceptions of the Philippines, both tangible and imagined. It paints the Philippines as a homeland, worthy of love and protection. In his essay, Rizal wrote:
"Love is an extremely powerful force behind most noble activities. Of all loves, the love of country has inspired the grandest, the most heroic, and the most selfless of deeds. We need only read history books, historical records, or traditions to see this."
After writing "El Amor Patrio," Rizal suspended writing articles about the country because of his mother's opposition. The essay had alerted Spanish officials to Rizal's nationalistic tendencies, and his mother feared that he would be arrested. Rizal also had a difficult time gaining fame, so, he decided to focus on his studies instead.
Rizal enrolled at the Universidad Central de Madrid on November 3, 1882. He first enrolled in medicine, and later also enrolled in philosophy and letters. He found time for additional lessons, such as painting and sculpture at the Academy of San Carlos, and drawing at the Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando. He also found time to study French, German, and English.
Circulo Hispano-Filipino
During his first year in Madrid, José Rizal joined the Circulo Hispano-Filipino, a Filipino student organization that met regularly to discuss political issues and to voice out the concerns of Filipinos. The organization was able to publish the newspaper Revista del Circulo Hispano-Filipino, which aimed to express thoughts about the abusive Spanish government.
However, the publication was short-lived due to lack of funds and conflicting political issues. This led to the dissolution of the organization. Notable members of the organization included José Rizal, Marcelo H. del Pilar, Juan Luna, and Graciano López Jaena.
Jose Rizal had a difficult time financially during his stay in Madrid. His family's financial status had been declining due to crop failures and the increase in rentals of the Dominican hacienda lands in his hometown. As a result, the monthly allowance that Rizal received from the Philippines was often delayed or not enough. No Time To Waste
Jose Rizal went to Madrid in 1882, where his brother Paciano wanted him to stay because it was the center of all the provinces of..
03 - Rizal's Family, Childhood, and Early Education | Life and Works of Rizal...Humi
Jose Protacio Rizal was born on June 19, 1861, in Calamba, Laguna. His birth was not an easy one, as his mother struggled to deliver him due to the size of his head. Fortunately, both Rizal and his mother survived.
Three days after his birth, Jose Protacio Rizal was baptized at a Catholic Church by Father Rufino Collantes. He was named after two saints: Saint Joseph, after his mother's devotion to him, and Saint Gervacio Protacio, whose feast day is June 19, the same day as Rizal's birth.
During the baptism ceremony, Father Rufino Collantes noticed that Rizal's head was unusually large for a baby. The priest was astonished and advised Rizal's family to take good care of him, as he believed that the large head was a sign of intelligence and that Rizal would one day become a great man.
Francisco Mercado Rizal was born on May 11, 1818, in Biñan, Laguna. He studied Latin and philosophy at the College of San Jose in Manila.²² After losing both of his parents, Francisco moved to Calamba to work in a hacienda owned by a Dominican friar.²³ (Note: Francisco's family was not poor, but likely, he made his inherited wealth grow more through farming and trading.)
In Calamba, Francisco (also known as Don Francisco or Tiniente Kiko) was well-respected. He was elected by the citizens of Calamba to be their "cabeza de barangay," or head of the town. He was a man of few words but great actions, with a strong body and a sharp mind. His son, Jose Rizal, affectionately called him "a model of fathers" in his student memoirs.
Jose Rizal deeply admired and loved his father, as evidenced by the art he created in his honor. In 1881, Jose made a clay bust of Don Kiko. Six years later, he carved a life-size wood sculpture of him. In honor of his father, Jose even named his premature son (with Josephine Bracken) 'Francisco,' according to some sources. Before his death, Jose Rizal even wrote letters to his brother and father expressing his love and gratitude to the latter.
Through Don Kiko's independence, determination, and hard work, he instilled in his son a free spirit that would inspire Jose Rizal to become who he was.²⁷ Don Francisco's life and legacy are a testament to the importance of hard work, perseverance, and love for family and community.
Teodora Alonso Realonda y Quintos was born on November 8, 1826, in Manila.²⁸ She came from a long line of principalia, the ruling and educated upper class in the towns during the Spanish occupation.These ex-datus cooperated with the Spanish in subjugating their former subjects and, in turn, were rewarded with government positions such as gobernadorcillos (mayor) and cabezas de barangay (town chief).
The principalia status was hereditary, including the government positions they held. Her father and grandfather served as gobernadorcillos, the highest position any Filipino could hold in government. Her grandfather, Cipriano Alonso, served as Biñan’s gobernadorcillo in 1790 and 1802...
00 - Introduction/Syllabus | Life and Works of Rizal (Slides)Humi
In the course "Life and Works of Jose Rizal," we will explore the life and significance of Rizal. We will begin by discussing the law that required the study of Rizal and then move on to the historical context of the Philippines during Rizal's lifetime. We will also delve into Rizal's family background, education, time abroad, and exile, trial, and death. In addition, we will analyze his written works such as "Noli Me Tangere" and "El Filibusterismo," as well as various essays.
Finally, we will consider whether Rizal should truly be considered a hero. Throughout the course, we will aim to present a balanced and unbiased view (if it exists) of Rizal, rather than glorifying him.
This is about the cry of the rebellion which is the revolution of the Philippines and the Retraction of Rizal which he stated in the letter he had wrote that all the novels, books and writing that he had wrote was all false info and not true
02 - 19th Century Philippines as Rizal's Context - Life and Works of RizalHumi
If Rizal was born in present-day, would he be a different person? In this slide, we will examine the 19th century Philippines and uncover the economic, social, political, and cultural context of Jose Rizal, the national hero of the Philippines. We will also analyze the historical forces that have shaped him and the society we know of today.
...
Rizal was born in the 19th century, a time of significant changes in the world, including the emergence of modernity, a transition from traditional ways of life to new ideas, attitudes, and institutions. During this era, the industrial revolution was taking place, resulting in new forms of work and leisure, urbanization, and the growth of cities. The 19th century was also characterized by various political upheavals, including the American and French Revolutions, influenced by the Enlightenment, a philosophical movement that valued reason, rationality, and individualism. This wave of political change challenged the power of the monarchy and paved the way for new forms of governance based on individual rights, nationalism, and freedom.
Rizal grew up amidst the Philippines' struggle for independence and the shifting social, economic, and political landscape of the time, which played a role in shaping his perspective on life. To better understand why Spain was experiencing a slow decline during this period, we need to examine its economic condition, particularly in the Philippines. Trading was already apparent among the ancestors before the Spaniards colonized the Philippines. Early Philippine merchants traded with various countries, including China, Japan, Siam, Cambodia, India, Borneo, and the Moluccas. However, the Spanish Crown saw an opportunity to profit from this trade and eventually closed the ports of Manila to all countries except Mexico. This created a monopoly because Spain had exclusive control over the trade route and the goods that were traded, hence the birth of the Manila-Acapulco Trade, also known as Galleon Trade.
The trade monopoly that emerged from the decision made Manila the center of commerce in the East. Mangoes from Manila, as well as tamarind, rice, carabao, Chinese tea, textiles, fireworks, perfume, precious stones, and tuba were sent to Mexico. On the return voyage, numerous and valuable flora and fauna were brought into the Philippines, including guava, avocado, papaya, pineapple, horses, and cattle. Spain became a mercantilist superpower. But not forever.
By the late 18th century, the Galleon system faced tough competition as other nations became self-sufficient and preferred direct trade. Spain's trading system and the demand for Asian goods eventually declined. Revolts, particularly in the War for Independence in Mexico, took place in the New World, thus shifting the focus and priority of consumers away from trade. With the old trade system no longer sustainable, the Galleon Trade was ended by decree during the first decade of the 19th century.
03 - Rizal's Family, Childhood, and Early Education | Life and Works of Rizal...Humi
Jose Protacio Rizal was born on June 19, 1861, in Calamba, Laguna. His birth was not an easy one, as his mother struggled to deliver him due to the size of his head. Fortunately, both Rizal and his mother survived.
Three days after his birth, Jose Protacio Rizal was baptized at a Catholic Church by Father Rufino Collantes. He was named after two saints: Saint Joseph, after his mother's devotion to him, and Saint Gervacio Protacio, whose feast day is June 19, the same day as Rizal's birth.
During the baptism ceremony, Father Rufino Collantes noticed that Rizal's head was unusually large for a baby. The priest was astonished and advised Rizal's family to take good care of him, as he believed that the large head was a sign of intelligence and that Rizal would one day become a great man.
Francisco Mercado Rizal was born on May 11, 1818, in Biñan, Laguna. He studied Latin and philosophy at the College of San Jose in Manila.²² After losing both of his parents, Francisco moved to Calamba to work in a hacienda owned by a Dominican friar.²³ (Note: Francisco's family was not poor, but likely, he made his inherited wealth grow more through farming and trading.)
In Calamba, Francisco (also known as Don Francisco or Tiniente Kiko) was well-respected. He was elected by the citizens of Calamba to be their "cabeza de barangay," or head of the town. He was a man of few words but great actions, with a strong body and a sharp mind. His son, Jose Rizal, affectionately called him "a model of fathers" in his student memoirs.
Jose Rizal deeply admired and loved his father, as evidenced by the art he created in his honor. In 1881, Jose made a clay bust of Don Kiko. Six years later, he carved a life-size wood sculpture of him. In honor of his father, Jose even named his premature son (with Josephine Bracken) 'Francisco,' according to some sources. Before his death, Jose Rizal even wrote letters to his brother and father expressing his love and gratitude to the latter.
Through Don Kiko's independence, determination, and hard work, he instilled in his son a free spirit that would inspire Jose Rizal to become who he was.²⁷ Don Francisco's life and legacy are a testament to the importance of hard work, perseverance, and love for family and community.
Teodora Alonso Realonda y Quintos was born on November 8, 1826, in Manila.²⁸ She came from a long line of principalia, the ruling and educated upper class in the towns during the Spanish occupation.These ex-datus cooperated with the Spanish in subjugating their former subjects and, in turn, were rewarded with government positions such as gobernadorcillos (mayor) and cabezas de barangay (town chief).
The principalia status was hereditary, including the government positions they held. Her father and grandfather served as gobernadorcillos, the highest position any Filipino could hold in government. Her grandfather, Cipriano Alonso, served as Biñan’s gobernadorcillo in 1790 and 1802...
00 - Introduction/Syllabus | Life and Works of Rizal (Slides)Humi
In the course "Life and Works of Jose Rizal," we will explore the life and significance of Rizal. We will begin by discussing the law that required the study of Rizal and then move on to the historical context of the Philippines during Rizal's lifetime. We will also delve into Rizal's family background, education, time abroad, and exile, trial, and death. In addition, we will analyze his written works such as "Noli Me Tangere" and "El Filibusterismo," as well as various essays.
Finally, we will consider whether Rizal should truly be considered a hero. Throughout the course, we will aim to present a balanced and unbiased view (if it exists) of Rizal, rather than glorifying him.
This is about the cry of the rebellion which is the revolution of the Philippines and the Retraction of Rizal which he stated in the letter he had wrote that all the novels, books and writing that he had wrote was all false info and not true
02 - 19th Century Philippines as Rizal's Context - Life and Works of RizalHumi
If Rizal was born in present-day, would he be a different person? In this slide, we will examine the 19th century Philippines and uncover the economic, social, political, and cultural context of Jose Rizal, the national hero of the Philippines. We will also analyze the historical forces that have shaped him and the society we know of today.
...
Rizal was born in the 19th century, a time of significant changes in the world, including the emergence of modernity, a transition from traditional ways of life to new ideas, attitudes, and institutions. During this era, the industrial revolution was taking place, resulting in new forms of work and leisure, urbanization, and the growth of cities. The 19th century was also characterized by various political upheavals, including the American and French Revolutions, influenced by the Enlightenment, a philosophical movement that valued reason, rationality, and individualism. This wave of political change challenged the power of the monarchy and paved the way for new forms of governance based on individual rights, nationalism, and freedom.
Rizal grew up amidst the Philippines' struggle for independence and the shifting social, economic, and political landscape of the time, which played a role in shaping his perspective on life. To better understand why Spain was experiencing a slow decline during this period, we need to examine its economic condition, particularly in the Philippines. Trading was already apparent among the ancestors before the Spaniards colonized the Philippines. Early Philippine merchants traded with various countries, including China, Japan, Siam, Cambodia, India, Borneo, and the Moluccas. However, the Spanish Crown saw an opportunity to profit from this trade and eventually closed the ports of Manila to all countries except Mexico. This created a monopoly because Spain had exclusive control over the trade route and the goods that were traded, hence the birth of the Manila-Acapulco Trade, also known as Galleon Trade.
The trade monopoly that emerged from the decision made Manila the center of commerce in the East. Mangoes from Manila, as well as tamarind, rice, carabao, Chinese tea, textiles, fireworks, perfume, precious stones, and tuba were sent to Mexico. On the return voyage, numerous and valuable flora and fauna were brought into the Philippines, including guava, avocado, papaya, pineapple, horses, and cattle. Spain became a mercantilist superpower. But not forever.
By the late 18th century, the Galleon system faced tough competition as other nations became self-sufficient and preferred direct trade. Spain's trading system and the demand for Asian goods eventually declined. Revolts, particularly in the War for Independence in Mexico, took place in the New World, thus shifting the focus and priority of consumers away from trade. With the old trade system no longer sustainable, the Galleon Trade was ended by decree during the first decade of the 19th century.
19th Century Context Philippines of RizalJhonageneBate
This concept shows Rizal's point of view during the 19th Century.
It indicates the struggles of Filipino people for nationalism and what they've experienced under the governance of Spain.
The 19th century, often referred to as the "Century of Change," was a pivotal period in human history characterized by significant transformations in nearly every aspect of life. This century laid the foundation for the modern world in terms of politics, society, technology, and culture. In this essay, we will explore the major changes and developments that defined the 19th century and examine their enduring impact on our contemporary world. the 19th century was indeed a century of change, marked by profound and far-reaching developments that continue to influence our world today. It set the stage for the modern era, reshaping politics, economics, society, and culture in ways that are still evident in the 21st century. The legacy of this transformative period serves as a testament to humanity's capacity for innovation, reform, and progress.
The 19th century (1801-1900) was a century of changes and filled of turning points in our historyand identity. It was this time when a lot of changes happened in aspects of political, economical and social. The nationalist sentiments awakened, a propaganda movement started, a national anti-colonial movement and revolution ignited, and our independence declared.
If you want to have a copy with this presentation. Please contact me at my gmail account: dahanrosemarie8@gmail.com
Topic: Chapter 4 - The Dawn of Filipino Nationalism
Life & Works of Rizal
St. Joseph's College of Quezon City
SY 2014 - 2015
Feel free to download and use this for your class!
It took three centuries before the Filipinos unite against the Spanish rule to fight for their rights. In this presentation, we will discuss the following factors that caused the uprising of Filipino Nationalism.
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http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
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4. Our personalities are shaped
by a mosaic of life experiences
and events, like pieces of a
puzzle coming together to
form the whole picture.
5. Rizal was born in the 19th century, during
a period of global change, growing up amid
the Philippines' fight for independence and a
shifting socio-political landscape.
11. During this era, the Industrial Revolution introduced
new production, transportation, and communication
methods, shifting from manual labor to machines.
12. This transformation of the economy and society
resulted in new forms of work and leisure, as
well as urbanization and the growth of cities.
13. The late 18th and 19th centuries saw political revolutions,
like the American and French Revolutions, influenced by
Enlightenment values of reason and individualism.
14. Political change challenged monarchy, fostering governance
based on individual rights, nationalism, and freedom.
15. While different parts of Europe were flourishing,
Spain was experiencing a slow decline. To grasp
why, let's analyze its economic state during that time.
17. Trading predates Spanish colonization in the Philippines.
Our ancestors traded with China, Japan, Siam,
Cambodia, India, Borneo, and the Moluccas.
18. When the Spanish Crown arrived, they monopolized
Manila ports, closing them to all but Mexico, gaining
exclusive control over the trade route and goods.
19. Hence, the birth of the Manila-Acapulco Trade,
which is also known as Galleon Trade.
20. The trade monopoly that emerged
from this decision made Manila the
center of commerce in the East.
21. Spain became a mercantilist
superpower. But not forever.
22. By the late 18th century, the
Galleon system faced tough
competition as other
nations opted for self-
sufficiency and direct trade,
leading to a decline in
Spain's trading system and
Asian goods demand.
23. Spain was heavily dependent
on the silver mines of its
colonies in South America,
which slowly dwindled.
24. Revolts, particularly in the War for Independence in
Mexico, took place in the New World, thus shifting
the focus and priority of consumers away from trade.
25. With the old trade system no
longer sustainable, the
Galleon Trade was ended
by decree during the first
decade of the 19th century.
26. The end of the Galleon Trade prompted Spain to open the
Philippines to world commerce in 1834, seeking new
commercial opportunities created by the Industrial Revolution.
27. The Philippines became a
supplier of raw materials for
the industries of the West by
utilizing its underutilized land
resources to venture into
cash crop agriculture.
28. British, Dutch, and American trading companies invested
large capital in the country for the large-scale production
of different products, such as tobacco and sugar.
29. To make transactions easier, foreign investors
need people who are already in the Philippines.
30. Chinese, mestizos, and rich natives helped with land acquisition,
labor mobilization, crop transportation, and retail trade.
31. Chinese immigrants served as middlemen between
the provinces, where the crops were planted, and
the merchant houses of the Mestizos in Manila.
33. Inquilinos oversee the production of cash crops by
subleasing large estates or haciendas from friars
and then subletting them to indigenous farmers.
34. The opening of the Suez Canal, construction of steel bridges, and
safer and faster gave way to more intensive production of crops,
which provided a huge advantage in commercial enterprises.
When the Suez Canal was constructed, it shortened travel
between Europe and the Philippines, enabling more intensive
crop production and boosting commercial enterprises.
40. In the early Spanish colonial period up until the mid-19th century,
education was a privilege, typically for the highest racial class.
41. Spanish blood was highly valued
during the Spanish colonial era,
so its disappearance also meant
the loss of privileges.
42. Natives' low status in the colonial hierarchy likely
made higher education difficult to obtain.
43.
44.
45. In the late 19th century, the growing economy transcended
racial boundaries. Wealthy families, such as the Rizals, sent
their children to prestigious schools.
46. Many families sent their sons to Europe for higher studies,
where they were exposed to secular and liberal ideas
inspired by the democratic ideals of the French Revolution.
47. The exposure of these young Filipinos in Spain
and Europe inspired them to form the Ilustrados.
48. Ilustrados
A group of educated natives
seeking reforms to achieve
equality with proud Spaniards.
50. Commonly, we attribute
the nationalist movement
to European-educated
Ilustrados.
However, it wasn't just
them or the European
intellectual atmosphere
that fueled nationalism.
51. The rapid spread of education from around 1860
was a key factor in late 19th-century nationalism.
52. Access to higher education for middle and lower-middle-class
Filipinos, who couldn't go abroad, played a crucial role in
promoting liberal and progressive ideas from Europe.
53. Let us examine the educational reforms
that happened in the mid-19th century.
54. 1. The Industrial Revolution necessitated changes in
the Philippine education system to prioritize training
skilled labor, aligning with economic demands.
55. Before this, children were prioritized
to fear God over basic literacy and
friar obedience instead of learning
practical skills.
They were made to feel inferior,
limited to manual work.
57. 2. The Educational Decree of 1863 was a significant
attempt by the Spanish Colonial Government to
address the lack of formal education among Filipinos.
58. The decree required a
nationwide public school system
with at least one primary school
for boys and girls in every town.
59. This marked the start of a broader public primary
education system in the Philippines, expanding
educational access to a wider segment of society.
60. Although, it wasn't perfect,
with a shortage of qualified
teachers and a curriculum
influenced by Spanish colonialism.
61.
62.
63. However, it was an important step towards the democratization
of education in the Philippines and laid a foundation for the
development of a formal education system in the country.
64. When the Jesuits returned to the Philippines, they returned
with ideas and methods new to the educational system.
65. In 1865, Ateneo, run by Jesuits, became a secondary
school with an advanced curriculum, resembling
today's college more than high school.
66. Ateneo's humanistic education in literature, science,
philosophy, and principles of human dignity, justice,
and equality challenged Spanish colonial rule,
indirectly promoting nationalist and liberal ideas.
67. Although the Spanish Jesuits may not have intended to do so, their
teachings broadened the perspectives of their Filipino students, and
many of them drew their own conclusions from these principles.
68. By 1866, the proportion of literate people in the Philippines was
higher than in Spain. The proportion of Filipino children attending
school was also above average in European standards.
69. By emphasizing humanistic education and principles of
justice and equality, these reforms helped to undermine the
foundations of the Spanish colonial regime and inspired a
growing sense of national identity among Filipinos.
70. This growing sense of nationalism would ultimately
pave the way for significant political developments,
including the pursuit of greater democracy.
72. During Rizal's time, there were widespread
calls for democracy in the Philippines.
73. Despite the teachings of Christianity, which emphasized
equality among all people, the Spanish colonial
authorities did not treat brown-skinned Filipinos equally.
74. Throughout the next three centuries,
Spaniards used religion to justify
their malicious behaviors.
75. Brown Filipinos were often treated unfairly
and justice was costly, partial, and slow.
76. Merit was not based on one's capabilities or
qualifications but on wealth, race, and
connections with influential people.
77. The Church played a significant role in the state's
proceedings, manipulating the indigenous people
to comply with the state's laws as it saw fit.
78. Meanwhile, the colonial government was primarily
interested in exploiting the country's natural
resources and labor for the benefit of Spain.
79. The system was exploitative and maintained
using force, including military forces
deployed to quell uprisings and rebellions.
80. If you witnessed such injustices happening to your
fellow Filipinos, wouldn't you feel angry?
81. The British colonial masters were overthrown to gain independence
and achieve the status of becoming a sovereign nation, a feat that
spread across European countries and other parts of the world.
83. The thirst for reform and nationalism flourished in the liberal
atmosphere, and, to make a long story short, this led to the
Philippine Independence movement and the death of Rizal.
84. The cries for democracy during Rizal's time were a result of the
long-standing injustices and corruption of the Spanish colonial
authorities, who used religion to justify their actions.
85. The call for democracy was a call for equality, justice, and fairness
for all Filipinos, regardless of their skin color or social status.
86. If Rizal were born today,
would he still be the same
Rizal that we knew?