This concept shows Rizal's point of view during the 19th Century.
It indicates the struggles of Filipino people for nationalism and what they've experienced under the governance of Spain.
2. 19th Century
Philippines
as Rizal’s
Context
▪ The 19th Century was the
era of Challenges and
responses
▪It is the period of major changes that
affect Man and Society
▪Age of enlightenment
4. 19th Century Philippines
as Rizal’s Context
1. Political
Context
POLITICAL CONTEXT
The Struggle of Nations For Nationalism
The French Revolution 1779-1789
1.Liberty
2.Equity
3.Fraternity
6. 19th Century Philippinesas
Rizal’sContext
1. Political
Context
1. CONSERVATISM VS LIBERATISM
In Spain there was a split among the
intellectuals Into two irreconcilable
camps, the Conservatives and the
Liberals. Neither of which the
advantaged adequate practical
solutions to end all strive.
A seesawed battle between absolutism
and liberalism occurred in Spain. This
was A period of confusion and
instability.
8. 19th Century Philippines as
Rizal’sContext
1. Political
Context
POLITICAL STRUCTURE DURING SPANISH
COLONIAL PERIOD
9. 19th Century Philippines
as Rizal’s Context
2. Economic
Context
ECONOMIC CONTEXT
Industrialization
▪This is generally applied to the
extraordinary transformation in
the method of:
1. Production
2.Transportation
3. Communication through the
substitution of manual labor
to machine
10. 19th Century Philippines as
Rizal’sContext
2. Economic
Context
ENCOMIENDA TO HACIENDA SYSTEM
▪ The Encomienda was not a land grant it
was more of an administrative unit to
extract unit.
12. ▪ Privilege Of provincial governors to
engage in and monopolize land
19th Century Philippinesas
Rizal’sContext
2. Economic
Context
Indulto de Comercio
14. 19th Century Philippines as
Rizal’s Context
2. Economic
Context
TAXATION
To support the colony, several taxes
and monopolies were imposed.
▪The tithe
16. 19th CenturyPhilippinesas Rizal’s
Context
3. Socio –
Cultural
Context
PHILIPINE EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM DURING
SPANISH TIME
1855 – the year Spain realized the need to
establish a system of public education for Indios.
- This was also the year that Gov. Gen
Crespo organized a commission and
recommended remedial measures to improve
elementary education.
1861 – the year the Commission completed its
report and forwarded it to Spain
1863 – the year the commission completed its
report and forwarded it to Spain
17. 19th CenturyPhilippinesas Rizal’s
Context
3. Socio –
Cultural
Context
PROVISIONS OF EDUCATIONAL DECREE OF
1863
1.Establishment of Teacher Training
School
2.Government supervises the public
school system
3.Use of Spanish as a medium of
instruction in all schools
4.Establishment of one primary school for
boys and girls in each major town.
18. 19th CenturyPhilippinesas Rizal’s
Context
3. Socio –
Cultural
Context
DEFECTS OF EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM
DURING SPANISH TIME
1. EMPHASIS ON RELIGION
▪ Fear of God was emphasized
▪ Obedience to friars was instilled in the
the mind of the people
▪ Indios were constantly reminded that
they had inferior intelligence and
were fit for manual labor only
▪ The will of God was also emphasized
19. 19th CenturyPhilippinesas Rizal’s
Context
3. Socio –
Cultural
Context
DEFECTS OF EDUCATIONAL
SYSTEM DURING SPANISH TIME
1.EMPHASIS ON RELIGION
2.ABSENCE OF ACADEMIC
FREEDOM
▪Most schools were not opened
to the natives
▪Students were not allowed to
express their opinions
20. 19th Century Philippinesas Rizal’s
Context
3. Socio –
Cultural
Context
DEFECTS OF EDUCATIONAL
SYSTEM DURING SPANISH TIME
1. EMPHASIS ON RELIGION
2.ABSENCE OF ACADEMIC FREEDOM
3.RACIAL DISCRIMINATION
▪ Before the educational decree of
1863, the schools were not opened
to the natives
▪ Spaniards hesitated to consider
the Indians as educable as
themselves.
21. 19th CenturyPhilippinesas Rizal’s
Context
3. Socio –
Cultural
Context
DEFECTS OF EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM
DURING SPANISH TIME
1. EMPHASIS ON RELIGION
2.ABSENSE OF ACADEMIC FREEDOM
3.RACIAL DISCRIMINATION
4.LIMITED CURRICULUM
▪ Education is limited to the 3R’s, that is
Reading, Writing, and Arithmetic
22. 19th Century
Philippines
as Rizal’s
Context
Towards the middle of the 19th century,
intellectual disintegration was keenly
felt by the middle class.
This was caused by inadequate
educational system imposed by the
civil government upon the people
23. 19th Century
Philippines
as Rizal’s
Context
THE PHILIPPINES OF RIZAL'S TIME
During the time of Rizal, the sinister
shadow of Spain’s decadence darkened
the Philippine skies. The Filipinos
agonized beneath the yoke of Spanish
misrule. For they were unfortunate
victims of the evils and the unjust,
bigoted, and deteriorating colonial
power.
24. 19th Century
Philippines
as Rizal’s
Context
THE PHILIPPINES OF RIZALS TIME
Among the evils were as follows:
1. Instability Of the colonial administration
2. Corrupt Officialdom
3. No representation in Spanish Cortez
4. Denial of Human Rights of Filipinos
5. No equity before the law
6. Maladministration of justice
7. Racial discrimination
8. Frailocracy
9. Forced labor, tribute, and bandala
10.Guadia Civil
25. 19th Century
Philippines
as Rizal’s
Context
The 19th Century when Rizal lived was a century of
ferment caused by the blowing of winds of history.
The above events significantly affects the lives and
fortunes of mankind. As well as the life of Jose Rizal.
Paradoxically, the Friars who were assigned to
implement the educational decrees from Spain were
among the vociferous of the Spanish elements
against the teaching of Spanish language in the
Philippines.
They believed that the knowledge of the Spanish
language would encourage the people to oppose
Sanish rule.
26. 19th Century
Philippines
as Rizal’s
Context
They contend that “enlightened people
cannot be kept long in subjugation”.
The Filipinos must therefore be kept in
the dark so that they would remain
isolated from the intellectual ferments
of the times; otherwise they might be
inspired by new ideas of freedom and
independence.
