A brief discussion of some of the basic logical fallacies:
Dicto Simpliciter
Hasty Generalization
Post Hoc
Contradictory Premises
Ad Misericordiam
False Analogy
Hypothesis Contrary to Fact
Poisoning the Well
Bandwagon Appeal
Begging the Question
Red Herring
Non Sequitur
Slippery Slope
Either/Or Argument
Equivocation
With a view to employing logic appropriately we should be aware of logical fallacies we might commit. Some are common and unintentional , others are deliberate .Some are tricks to win an argument, others are simply immoral and should be avoided.
A brief discussion of some of the basic logical fallacies:
Dicto Simpliciter
Hasty Generalization
Post Hoc
Contradictory Premises
Ad Misericordiam
False Analogy
Hypothesis Contrary to Fact
Poisoning the Well
Bandwagon Appeal
Begging the Question
Red Herring
Non Sequitur
Slippery Slope
Either/Or Argument
Equivocation
With a view to employing logic appropriately we should be aware of logical fallacies we might commit. Some are common and unintentional , others are deliberate .Some are tricks to win an argument, others are simply immoral and should be avoided.
Skepticism at work - Logical Fallacies. ASQ BuffaloASQ Buffalo NY
http://asqbuffalo.org
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- Conclusion: All Greeks are mortal.
- Conditional Statements
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- Disjunctive Syllogism
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Examples pulled directly from the three series and discussed in the workshop included the topics of how far one should go to save the life of a terminal cancer patient, inappropriate relationships between doctors and patients, informed consent, drug-addicted medical professionals, knowing yourself, knowing your potential partner well before marriage, being in an ill-matched relationship, and lying to get what you want out of life. Since all of these subjects are issues that students may eventually face in their own lives, it is vital to help them see the conversations happening right before their eyes on primetime television. This workshop’s goal was to get the conversational ball rolling by demonstrating these conversations and getting attendees to take this information back to their students.
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60 minute workshop with 2nd and 3rd grade students. In some ways, sameness is great - we have same hobbies, we go to the same school, etc. But in what ways does sameness get us into trouble? How does sameness lead to stereotypes, bullying, and other things we don't want to see in the world?
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The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
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http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
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for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
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Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
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Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
2. What’s a logical fallacy?
• Argument structure –
focus of 270
• Fallacy – inaccurate or
intentionally false logic
• Aristotle -induction or
deduction
• Logic can be subject to
error, mislead others
3. Goals
• Recognize most
common types of
fallacies
• Avoid them in your
writing
• Avoid getting duped
when you hear them!
4. Induction v. Deduction
• Induction
– Specific examples lead to general conclusions
Studying a sample
leads to broader
conclusions
5. Induction
• “The prices of the four items
I bought in the campus
bookstore are higher than
similar items in the
bookstore in town; therefore
the campus store is a more
expensive place to shop.”
• “All 3 of the instructors I
saw on the first day of school
were wearing faded jeans
and tennis shoes; teachers
here are generally informal in
their dress.”
6. Some questions to consider…
• Is sample large enough?
• Is it accurate?
• Is it too specific (i.e. one department dresses
casually but another doesn’t? Science books
are more expensive but math books aren’t?
etc.)
• Is the sample representative?
• Is it up to date?
7. Deduction
• General truths lead to specific conclusions
• “Sherlock Holmes method”
Major Premise: All men with
chalk dust on their fingers are
schoolteachers.
Minor Premise: This man has
chalk dust on his fingers.
Conclusion: Therefore, this
man is a schoolteacher.
Other possibilities?
8. Ad hominem
• Ad hominem = “to the man”
• Attack the person making the argument
instead of the argument itself (ethos based)
9. Ad hominem
• “So you think
Eminem is a
homophobic racist?
Well, you’re just a
white-bread elitist”
10. Ad hominem cont.
• “Of course you would believe that. You’re a
_______.”
“I’m not sure why we should believe
anything Dr. Thompson has to say
about this community health center.
Last year, she left her husband for
another man.”
-Inability to separate public persona from private life (celeb.)
-Basing judgments on personal details that are irrelevant
11. Ad hominem
“I don’t know how Professor Resnick can be such
a hard grader. He’s always late for class.”
12. Non Sequitur
“What can a priest tell
me about how
to have a successful
marriage? He’s
never been married
himself!”
14. Non Sequitur
“Kids who own a “Children who play video
computer do better games will likely be
in school.” underachievers.”
15. Non Sequitur
Tens of thousands of Americans have seen
lights in the night sky which they could not identify.
The existence of life on other planets is fast
becoming certainty
24. “Media bandwagon”
What issues are important?
When does an issue become
passé, or less important to
discuss?
25. Slippery Slope
Turns today’s tiny
misstep into tomorrow’s
disaster
26. Slippery Slope
• “If we allow gay marriage, then there is
nothing to stop polygamy. And once we allow
this, where will it stop? Will we have to
legalize incest – or even bestiality?”
28. Slippery Slope
• “First the
government stops us
from buying assault
rifles. Then, it limits
the number of
handguns we can
buy. What will come
next? Will we need a
permit to buy a water
gun, too?”
29. Either-Or
“I can’t believe you voted against the bill to build
a wall along the southern border of the U.S. Either you’re
for protecting our border, or you’re against it.”
30. How to avoid?
• Consider soundness of source’s logic
• Consider source’s credibility to speak on
particular issue
• Make sure criticisms are relevant to the issue
at hand
31. Which fallacy?
(Ad hominem – Non Sequitur – Hasty Generalization –
Bandwagon – Slippery Slope - Either/Or – False Authority )
• Smith’s argument against raising taxes on the rich is irrelevant
because he himself is rich.”
• “The painting is either a masterpiece or trash”
• “Young professional people tend to be self-centered and
materialistic. My friends Eric and Melanie certainly are.”
• “I didn’t do well on that speech because I wore my green shirt
rather than my lucky red one.”
• “I didn’t get the first job I interviewed for, so I guess I’d better forget
about my career as an engineer.”
• Everyone else is going to the each today; don’t be a nerd and stay
cooped up in the library on such a gorgeous day!”
32. Which fallacy?
(Ad hominem – Non Sequitur – Hasty Generalization – Bandwagon – Slippery
Slope - Either/Or – False Authority )
• “I spent two weeks at a military academy and realized that private
school just isn’t for me.”
• “The Office had the highest ratings of any television series. Clearly
it is a superior series.”
• “Tom Hanks is a brilliant comedian; he should leave heavy drama
alone.”
• If you can’t beat them, join them.
• If medical researchers continue to increase human longevity, then
the population will soar out of control, mass famine will occur, the
global economy will collapse, and the very survival of the species
will be threatened.
• If you love nature, you cannot possibly support industrial
development.
• Why should I vote? You haven’t voted in years.