This document provides information about volcanoes including: - Examples of active volcanoes in the Philippines like Mount Apo, Mount Mayon, and Mount Tiwi. - Classification of volcanoes as either active or inactive based on eruption history. - The three main types of volcanic cones: shield, cinder, and composite. - Key parts of volcanoes including magma, lava, crater, caldera, and summit. - Factors that affect magma viscosity like temperature, composition, and gas content. - The five main types of volcanic eruptions: phreatic, phreatomagmatic, Strombolian, Vulcanian, and Plinian.

1. Unit 3 module 1
(Earth
and Space)
Jasmin C. Tawantawan
Grade 9 Science

2. Mount Apo (Kidapawan, North
Cotabato)

3. Mount Mayon

4. Mount Tiwi (Albay)

5. •What have you
observe in the
given picture?

6. Volcano
•–is an opening in
the Earth’s surface
where molten rocks,
smoke, gases, and
ashes are erupted.

7. Classification of Volcanoes
•Active volcanoes - are
those that have a record of
eruption with the last 600
years of those that erupted
10, 000 years ago based on
analyses of their its
materials.

8. Inactive volcanoes – are
those that have not erupted
for the last 10, 000 years ago
and their physical form is
being changed by agents of
weathering and erosion
through formation of deep
and long gullies.

9. Three general volcanic types
according to the shape of their
cones;
•Shield cones.
•Cinder cones
•Composite cones

13. Parts of volacanos
•Magma
•Lava
•Crater
•Caldera
•Summit
•Ash

14. Magma

15. Lava

16. Crater

17. Crater

18. Caldera

19. Summit

20. Summit

21. Viscosity
•– is the property of the material’s
resistance to flow. It also
described as the liquid’s thickness
and stickiness. The, more viscous
and thicker the material is the
greater is its resistance to flow.
For instance, syrup is more
viscous than water

22. Primary factors affecting the
magma’s viscosity in different ways.
•Temperature of magma
affects its viscosity.
•The composition of magma
affects its viscosity.
•The amount of gases
contained in the magma
affects its viscosity.

24. Types of volcanic eruptions
•Phreatic or hydrothermal
•Phreatomagmatic
•Stromboli an
•Vulcanian
•Pinian

25. Energy from the volcano
Mak-Ban Geothermal Power Plant in
Laguna

26. Geothermal
•It is a source of
energy that comes
from a heat in the
Earth’s interior.

27. It is generated in two ways:
•Geothermal power
plants
•Geothermal heat
pumps