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Science 9 Quarter 3 Week 1 ryan adraneda.pptx
- 1. SCIENCE 9 QUARTER 3 WEEK1 MELC 13 & 14
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- 4. WEEK 1 VOLCANOES MELC MELC13: Describe the different types of volcanoes and volcanic eruption. MELC 14: Explain what happens when volcanoes erupt.
- 5. 01 02 HOW DOWE CLASSIFY VOLCANOES? TYPES OF VOLCANIC ERUPTION 03 WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF VOLCANIC ERUPTION? 04 VOLCANO AND ITS PARTS WHAT IS A VOLCANO AND WHAT ARE ITS PARTS? TYPES OF VOLCANO WHY DO VOLCANOES ERUPT?
- 6. MOUNT MAYON TAAL VOLCANO MOUNTPINATUBO Albay, Bicol Batangas Province Zambales Province
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- 8. INTRODUCTION This module wasdesigned to help you master knowledge and concepts about Volcanoes. The scope of this module permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using. After going through this module, you are expected to describe the different types of volcanoes and volcanic eruption.
- 9. INTRODUCTION This module wasdesigned to help you master knowledge and concepts about Volcanoes.The scope of this module permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using.After going through this module, you are expected to explain what happens when volcanoes erupt.
- 10. VOLCANO AND ITSPARTS What is a volcano? What are its parts? 01
- 11. WHAT IS AVOLCANO? Avolcano is an opening in the Earth’s surface where molten rocks, smoke, gases and ashes are erupted.
- 12. WHAT IS AVOLCANO? Avolcano is an opening in the Earth’s surface where molten rocks, smoke, gases and ashes are erupted.
- 13. CRATER 1 2 3 4 5 6 MAIN VENT GAS & VOLCANICASH PARASITIC CONE SIDE VENT MAGMA CHAMBER
- 14. TYPES OFVOLCANO How dowe classify volcanoes? 02
- 15. ACCORDINGTO FREQUENCY OF ERUPTION ACTIVEVOLCANO Have a record of eruption within the last 600 years Erupted 10,000 years ago based on the analyses of their materials. INACTIVE VOLCANO ● Have not erupted for the last 10,000 years; physical form being changed by agents of weathering and erosion.
- 17. ACCORDINGTO CONE SHAPE COMPOSITE VOLCANO/ STRATOVOLCANO Tall, symmetrical and with steep sides. Eruptions are dangerous and explosive, with many layers of lava and pyroclastic materials. Erupt hot gases, ash, lava, and pumice as well as stiff, slow- moving lava. Believed to have killed the most people because of their deadly nature and high numbers.
- 18. ACCORDINGTO CONE SHAPE CINDERVOLCANO Circular or oval cones with almost vertical steep slope. Formed in a short period of time with size and shape like a hill. They are built from erupting lava that breaks into small pieces as it shoots into the air.As small pieces fall back to the ground, they cool and form cinders around the vent. Less dangerous compared to other types.
- 19. ACCORDINGTO CONE SHAPE SHIELDVOLCANO Not high and have a very broad shape with almost no slope. Shaped like a bowl or shield in the middle of the long gentle slope. Huge because of the ample supply of runny magma resulting to lava flow. Effusive eruption.
- 20. TYPES OFVOLCANIC ERUPTIONS What arethe different types of volcanic eruption? 03
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- 22. TYPES OFVOLCANIC ERUPTION PHREATIC/ HYDROTHERMAL ERUPTION is steam driven eruption as the hot rocks come in contact with water. short-lived, characterized by ash columns but may be an onset of a larger eruption.
- 23. TYPES OFVOLCANIC ERUPTION PHREATOMAGMATIC ERUPTION is a violent eruption due to the contact between water and magma. results to a large column of very fine ash and high speed and sideway emission of pyroclastic materials called base surges are observed
- 24. TYPES OFVOLCANIC ERUPTION STROMBOLIANERUPTION a periodic weak to violent eruption characterized by fountain of lava an example is the eruption of IrazuVolcano in Costa Rica
- 25. TYPES OFVOLCANIC ERUPTION VULCANIANERUPTION characterized by tall eruption columns that reach up to 20 km high with pyroclastic flow and ashfall tephra like in Paricutin Volcano in Mexico small to moderate explosion lasting seconds to minutes.
- 26. TYPES OFVOLCANIC ERUPTION PLINIANERUPTION excessively explosive type of eruption of gas and pyroclastic material. high rate of magma discharge sustained for minutes to hours and causes wide dispersion of ash. Example is the eruption of PinatuboVolcano in Zambales.
- 27. TYPES OFVOLCANO Frequency oferuption Cone Shape COMPOSITE CINDER SHIELD ACTIVE INACTIVE
- 28. ACCORDINGTO CONE SHAPE COMPOSITEVOLCANO/ STRATOVOLCANO MOUNT MAYON Philippines MOUNT FUJI Japan MOUNT MERAPI Indonesia
- 29. ACCORDINGTO CONE SHAPE CINDERVOLCANO LAVABUTTE United States of America SMITH VOLCANO Philippines KULA VOLCANO Turkey
- 30. ACCORDINGTO CONE SHAPE SHIELDVOLCANO MAUNALOA Hawaii MAUNA KEA Hawaii MOUNT WRANGELL Alaska
- 31. TYPES OFVOLCANIC ERUPTION PHREATIC/HYDROTHERMAL ERUPTION PHREATOMAGMATIC ERUPTION STROMBOLIAN VULCANIAN PLINIAN ERUPTION
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- 33. VOLCANIC ERUPTION TECTONIC PLATES - massiveslabs of solid rock that glides over the Earths mantle.
- 34. VOLCANIC ERUPTION • Magmainside the volcano has high temperature. • This magma has lower density compared to the surrounding rock causing it to rise.
- 35. VOLCANIC ERUPTION • Asthe magma rises, bubbles start to form to swell. • This adds pressure within the volcano forcing the molten rock into the air out of crater.
- 36. EXPLOSIVE ERUPTION • Explosivevolcanic eruptions generally occur when magma is thick and does not flow easily. • It may block the vent of a volcano, allowing a build-up of gases. • Gas pressure grows until the volcano erupts in an explosion. • Ash and other particles from the eruption may form a mushroom cloud, like the cloud formed by a nuclear explosion.
- 37. NON - EXPLOSIVEERUPTION • Non-explosive volcanic eruptions generally occur when magma is thin and flows easily. • Lava flows out of the volcano, rather than blocking the vent, and little or no gas forms inside the volcano.
- 38. Make some statementsthat will describe the viscosity of magma base from the diagram above. Complete the statements. Therefore, _______ (less,more) viscous lava travels faster and flows a ________(great, shorter) distance while highly viscous lava moves ______(slower, faster) covering a shorter distance.When lava cools, it _______(solidifies, liquifies).
- 39. MAGMA’SVISCOCITY VISCOSITY - ISA MEASURE OF A FLUID'S RESISTANCE TO FLOW MAGMA’STEMPERATURE MAGMA’S CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AMOUNT OF DISSOLVED GASES • Magma’s viscosity decreases with temperature. • The higher the temperature of magma, the less viscous it is. • Magma with high silica are more viscous than those with low silica content. • The magma that contains less silica is relatively fluid and travels far before solidifying. • Other factors being equal, gas dissolved in magma tends to increase its ability to flow.
Editor's Notes
- #6 The Philippines is home to about 300 volcanoes. There really are a lot of them in the country? Three of the magnificent volcanoes in our country are illustrated below: Can you identify each of them and tell us well, where they are located. These are just some of the many examples of volcanoes, and there are more around the world . Now, how do we define a volcano? What is a volcano?
- #11 We usually picture a volcano, similar to a mountain, right? It is not necessarily that volcano should be high or steep. They are evidence that the earth is active. These volcanoes are a key part of the Earth system. Since most Earth’s atmosphere, water, and crust were delivered by volcanoes, and volcanoes continue to recycle earth materials.
- #13 1. Magma chamber – pool of magma below the volcano Magma – molten (liquified) rock that has not come out of a volcano yet. Lava – molten rock that has already come out of a volcano 2. Main vent - main vent is the weak point in the Earth's crust where hot magma has been able to rise from the magma chamber and reach the surface. Conduit- pipe/ channel which magma travels through. 3. Crater – mouth of a volcano that surrounds the main vent; funnel-shaped 4. Side Vent - A side vent is an opening in the side of a volcano through which volcanic materials (like lava, gases, and pyroclastic debris) erupt. 5. Parasitic Cone - cone-shaped accumulation of volcanic material not part of the central vent of a volcano 6. ASH, STEAM, lump of solidified lava and GAS – materials that come out of a volcano aside from magma
- #15 In the Philippines, according to the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) there are 24 active volcanoes in the country. Most active of which are the Mayon, Taal and and Kanlaon.
- #17 These volcanoes have high elevation, large with slopes like that of the sides of a triangle. (nearly perfect and almost similar sides) If the magma is thick and sticky (like honey), the gas cannot escape, so it builds up and up until it explodes sending out huge clouds of burning rock and gas. Apart from their dangerous side, composite volcanoes are also famous because they comprise some of the most beautiful mountains on planet Earth.
- #18 Unlike some of the other types of volcanoes, cinder cones are usually created from a single opening. The opening of a cinder cone is a cone-shaped structure, while the steeps are formed of the erupted, fragmented cinders that fall close to the chimney/vent. Even though Taal Volcano is a small volcano it doesn’t necessarily classified as cinder volcano. Taal is a composite volcano like almost all other volcanoes found in the Philippines and the Pacific Ring of Fire. Features of Taal was destroyed after an inferred massive eruption before written history.
- #19 much unlikely to our standards of a typical volcano. Shield volcanoes are extremely huge volcanoes as big as the islands of Hawaii. If the magma is runny, the gas can escape easily and there will not be an explosion. The magma just comes out of the mountain and flows down the sides.
- #20 Effusive eruptions occur when hot, (1200oC) runny basalt magmas reach the surface. Dissolved gases escape easily as the magma erupts, forming lava that flows downhill quite easily. Effusive eruptions build up gently-sloping Shield Volcanoes like Hawaii. Explosive (violent) eruptions occur where cooler, more viscous magmas (such as andesite) reach the surface. Dissolved gases cannot escape as easily, so pressure may build up until gas explosions blast rock and lava fragments into the air! Lava flows are much more thick and sticky so do not flow downhill as easily. These eruptions build up more steeply-sloping Composite volcanoes like this one in Chile.
- #22 - An eruption driven by the heat from magma interacting with water. The water can be from groundwater, hydrothermal systems, surface runoff, a lake or the sea. Phreatic eruptions pulverise surrounding rocks and can produce ash, but do not include new magma.
- #23 - An eruption driven by the heat from magma interacting with water. The water can be from groundwater, hydrothermal systems, surface runoff, a lake or the sea. Phreatic eruptions pulverize surrounding rocks and can produce ash, but do not include new magma.
- #24 - An eruption driven by the heat from magma interacting with water. The water can be from groundwater, hydrothermal systems, surface runoff, a lake or the sea. Phreatic eruptions pulverize surrounding rocks and can produce ash, but do not include new magma.
- #26 - An eruption driven by the heat from magma interacting with water. The water can be from groundwater, hydrothermal systems, surface runoff, a lake or the sea. Phreatic eruptions pulverize surrounding rocks and can produce ash, but do not include new magma.
- #27 much unlikely to our standards of a typical volcano. Shield volcanoes are extremely huge volcanoes as big as the islands of Hawaii. If the magma is runny, the gas can escape easily and there will not be an explosion. The magma just comes out of the mountain and flows down the sides.
- #30 Volcanoes have different shapes because of the different ways on how they are formed. The explanation for this would be discussed on Grade 10. For now, let us continue on the different types of eruptions of these volcanoes.
- #31 - An eruption driven by the heat from magma interacting with water. The water can be from groundwater, hydrothermal systems, surface runoff, a lake or the sea. Phreatic eruptions pulverise surrounding rocks and can produce ash, but do not include new magma.
- #33 The movement of this massive slab of solid rock we call tectonic plates can can creates fissures, cracks or openings that allows the magma underneath to escape. Eruptions vary depending on type of volcano, and the tectonic boundary the volcano is formed and sits on. You will know more about this types of boundaries in grade 10.
- #34 As the magma is continuously heated, it goes up.
- #35 Aside from magma, broken rocks, lava bombs, fine ash and dust are also ejected.
- #36 Explosive volcanic eruptions can be thousands of times more powerful than an atomic bomb. Ash and other particles from the eruption may form a mushroom cloud, like the cloud formed by a nuclear explosion. Chunks of the volcano fly high into the atmosphere. Hot fragments of rock, called pyro clasts, fly up into the air at very high speeds and cool in the atmosphere. Huge clouds of ash and particles may shoot many kilometers into the sky. Some of the ash may stay in the atmosphere for years. It may block out sunlight, change weather patterns, and affect Earth’s temperature. Gases from the eruption can form poisonous, invisible clouds. The poisonous gases may be toxic to living things located close to the volcano. Farther away from the volcano, the gases may cause environmental problems such as acid rain and ozone destruction.
- #37 The lava simply pours out and flows over the ground like a river. People generally have a lot of warning before a lava flow like this reaches them, so non-explosive eruptions are much less deadly. However, they may destroy property as it becomes covered with lava.
- #39 Therefore, the loss of gases makes magma more viscous, forming a dome