The document summarizes endogenic processes, types of volcanoes, and features of volcanoes. Endogenic processes are driven by the Earth's internal heat from radioactive decay, which causes the crust to bend, crack, lift and move. The main types of volcanoes are composite volcanoes, cinder cone volcanoes, and shield volcanoes. Key features of volcanoes include the magma chamber, lava, vent, crater, and pyroclastic flows.

1. ENDOGENIC PROCESS

2. Endogenic process are driven by the internal heat
of the Earth, which in turn results from the
radioactive decay of elements deep beneath the
surface.
The heat bubbles upward providing a huge driving
force that bends, cracks, lifts and moves Earth’s
rigid outer layer.

4. VOLCANO
• Volcano is a that opens downward to a pool of
molten rock below the surface of the Earth.
• It is mountain rupture in the crust of a planetary
mass object, such as the Earth that allows the hot
lava, volcanic ash, and gases to escape from a
magma chamber below the surface

5. TYPES OF A VOLCANO
• 1. Composite Volcano
• 2. Cinder cone volcano
• 3. Shield Volcano

6. CINDER CONE VOLCANO • Aka scoria cone
• Aka ash cone
• Is a steep conical hill of loose
pyroclastic fragments.
• It is the simplest type of volcano
that are built from particles and
blobs of lava ejected from a single
vent.

8. COMPOSITE VOLCANO • Aka strato volcano
• - conical volcano built up by many
layers of hardened lava, pumice and
ash.
• They are usually found at
destructive or compressional
boundaries
• Has a steep profile with summit
crater (calderas) and periodic
intervals of explosive eruptions.
• The most common type of volcanoes

10. SHIELD VOLCANO
• A broad domed volcano with gently
sloping sides, characteristics with
the eruptions of fluid, and basaltic
lava.
• They are formed by thin, runny
lava.
• Eruptions are frequent but
relatively gentle
• They are the largest volcanoes on
Earth
• The largest is in Mauna Loa on the

12. WHAT CAUSES VOLCANO?

13. WHERE DO VOLCANOES FORM?
•Volcanoes may form either be in the land or on the
seafloor.
•Most of the volcanoes are formed at or near the edges
or the boundaries of Earth’s tectonic plates.
•Tectonic plates are boundaries where plates collides,
separate or slide past one another.

14. •Most volcanoes are found where plates move
together or apart.
•Most of the world’s most active volcanoes reside
along an arc known as the RING OF FIRE which
surrounds the PACIFIC OCEAN

15. VOLCANOES IN THE PHILIPPINES
• There are 37 volcanoes in the Philippines, 18 are
active.
• Active volcanoes means eruption occurred in the
last decades and that a new erution can be
expected in the future
•All other volcanoes are sleeping or dead
volcanoes.

16. THE MOST KNOWN VOLCANOES
• Mount Mayon in
____________________________
• Mount Pinatubo in
__________________________
• Taal Volcano in
_____________________________
• Mount Arayat

22. MAIN FEATURES OF A VOLCANO
MAGMA CHAMBER
Large underground pool of a molten rock sitting
underneath the Earth’s crust.

23. LAVA
when magma reaches the surface and comes out
of the volcano, it becomes lava

24. MAIN VENT
the outer chamber in the Earth’s crust that allows
hot magma to reach the surface

25. CRATER
a circular depression caused by volcanic
eruption and where the lava ask and rock
erupt out of the volcano.

26. PYROCLASTIC FLOW
– are fast moving current of hot gases and rocks
that travels downhill from a volcano reaching the
speed of 700km/hour with a temperature of more
than 1000C

27. ASH CLOUD
•Volcanic ash which consist of small pieces of a
pulverized rocks and glass created during
volcanic eruption. This fragments are so small
and heated to a temperature that they can be
carried in the air for many kilometers.

28. VOLCANIC BOMB
•Volcanic bomb are chunks of lava blasted into
the air which solidify before they reach the
ground. Some can be extremely large,
measuring five to six meters in diameter and
landing more than 500 meters from the volcanic
vent

29. SECONDARY VENT
•Aka side vent
•Allows some of the magma and gases to escape
not in the main vent where the eruption takes
place

30. SECONDARY CONE
•It is build up around secondary vents on larger
volcanoes

31. STEP BY STEP THAT HAPPENS WHEN
VOLCANIC ERUPTION OCCURS

32. •1. Magma rises through the cracks or
weaknesses in the earth’s crust
•2. Pressure built up inside the Earth

33. •3. When the pressure is released, example as a
result of plate movement, magma explodes to
the outer surface causing volcanic eruption

34. •4. The lava from the eruption cools to form new
crust
•5. Over time, and after several eruptions, the rocks
builds up and a volcano forms

35. 2 PREDOMINANT STYLE OF VOLCANIC ERUPTION
•1. Effusive eruption
•2. Explosive eruption

36. EFFUSIVE ERUPTION
•Magma rises through the
surface and flows out of
the volcano as a viscous
liquid lava

37. EXPLOSIVE ERUPTION
•Magma is torn apart at it
rises and reaches the
surface in piece known as
pyroclast