It consisting Mobile app, Arduino, Bluetooth Receiver module, L293D ic etc. The movement of robot is controlled by the voice which catch by the microphone inside the mobile.
This document describes a project to build a voice-operated wheelchair for physically disabled persons. The objective is to design hardware for voice recognition and corresponding wheelchair actions. Group members include Mandar Jadhav, Mayuresh Todkar and Dayanand Patil, guided by Dr. V. Jayashree. The system is aimed to help those paralyzed below the neck or with quadriplegia. It will allow independent wheelchair movement through voice commands without need for personal assistance. The design uses a microphone, voice recognition IC, microcontroller, motor drivers and batteries to power DC motors for forward, reverse, left and right wheelchair movement.
Smart wheel chair based on voice recognition for handicappedSagar Bayas
This project aims to develop a voice controlled wheelchair system using a speech recognition module. The goal is to allow disabled or elderly people who have difficulty moving to control a wheelchair independently using their voice. The system uses a microcontroller and DC motors to move the wheelchair based on voice commands detected by the microphone. The voice commands will allow the user to move the wheelchair forward, backward, left, right, or stop. This aims to give users more independence and a better quality of life without relying on caregivers for mobility assistance.
it is a smart wheelchair which uses voice and bluetooth commands . Also consists of temperature and heartbeat sensors for continuous monitoring by the doctor.
This project is to develop a wheel chair for physically disabled people
The wheel chair is controlled by hand movement/hand gestures
The gestures are recognized by an accelerometer sensor
An ultrasonic sensor is used to detect the obstacles in front of the chair
The signals from the sensors are processed, and the wheel chair is controlled by Atmega-328 micro controller
This document describes a direction controlled wheelchair for physically disabled people using voice control and an RF module. The wheelchair can be controlled through voice commands to a voice recognition module or through an RF remote. It also monitors the user's temperature and detects obstacles using sensors. The system uses a PIC microcontroller, voice recognition module, RF transmitter/receiver, temperature sensor, IR obstacle sensor, motor driver, and LCD display. The goal is to allow disabled individuals to move independently through voice or remote control while also monitoring their health conditions.
Patients having injuries and physical disabilities and with good mental health face a lot of difficulty when using the conventional hand powered wheelchair. This project enables an economic assembly in any existing wheelchair that enables a smart system for automated motion which can be controlled by any Smartphone. The concept particularly mentions ‘Smartphone’ which covers devices like any Android powered mobile phone which have inbuilt 3 axis accelerometer and Bluetooth Wireless technology. The functionality can be extended to other mobile devices using a suitable application. The other end of the system has a micro controller powers the DC motor for linear motion of the wheelchair. The DC motor connected to the rear wheels enables linear motion.
This is an android based automated wheelchair that can be used by differently able.
• It uses android based Smartphone’s which have inbuilt axis accelerator sensors and Bluetooth wireless technology.
• The proposed concept exploits these features of the smart phones to use at as a transmitter and control device.
• This is an android based automated wheelchair that can be used by differently able.
• It uses android based Smartphone’s which have inbuilt axis accelerator sensors and Bluetooth wireless technology.
• The proposed concept exploits these features of the smart phones to use at as a transmitter and control device.
This document describes a voice-operated wheelchair system that allows disabled users to control a wheelchair through voice commands. The system uses a microcontroller, wireless microphone, voice recognition processor and motor control interface to integrate voice command functionality. It is trained to recognize basic movement commands like forward, reverse, left and right. When a user speaks a command into the microphone, the voice recognition processor detects the word and sends the corresponding signal to the microcontroller to drive the motors and move the wheelchair. This system is designed to give wheelchair users independence by enabling control through their voice.
RFID based smart shopping cart and billing systemlaharipothula
To make the shopping easy by automated billing at the shopping mall/ super maeket. This module mainly cocnsists of Arduino, RFID tags & reader and zigbee module.
This document describes a project to build a voice-operated wheelchair for physically disabled persons. The objective is to design hardware for voice recognition and corresponding wheelchair actions. Group members include Mandar Jadhav, Mayuresh Todkar and Dayanand Patil, guided by Dr. V. Jayashree. The system is aimed to help those paralyzed below the neck or with quadriplegia. It will allow independent wheelchair movement through voice commands without need for personal assistance. The design uses a microphone, voice recognition IC, microcontroller, motor drivers and batteries to power DC motors for forward, reverse, left and right wheelchair movement.
Smart wheel chair based on voice recognition for handicappedSagar Bayas
This project aims to develop a voice controlled wheelchair system using a speech recognition module. The goal is to allow disabled or elderly people who have difficulty moving to control a wheelchair independently using their voice. The system uses a microcontroller and DC motors to move the wheelchair based on voice commands detected by the microphone. The voice commands will allow the user to move the wheelchair forward, backward, left, right, or stop. This aims to give users more independence and a better quality of life without relying on caregivers for mobility assistance.
it is a smart wheelchair which uses voice and bluetooth commands . Also consists of temperature and heartbeat sensors for continuous monitoring by the doctor.
This project is to develop a wheel chair for physically disabled people
The wheel chair is controlled by hand movement/hand gestures
The gestures are recognized by an accelerometer sensor
An ultrasonic sensor is used to detect the obstacles in front of the chair
The signals from the sensors are processed, and the wheel chair is controlled by Atmega-328 micro controller
This document describes a direction controlled wheelchair for physically disabled people using voice control and an RF module. The wheelchair can be controlled through voice commands to a voice recognition module or through an RF remote. It also monitors the user's temperature and detects obstacles using sensors. The system uses a PIC microcontroller, voice recognition module, RF transmitter/receiver, temperature sensor, IR obstacle sensor, motor driver, and LCD display. The goal is to allow disabled individuals to move independently through voice or remote control while also monitoring their health conditions.
Patients having injuries and physical disabilities and with good mental health face a lot of difficulty when using the conventional hand powered wheelchair. This project enables an economic assembly in any existing wheelchair that enables a smart system for automated motion which can be controlled by any Smartphone. The concept particularly mentions ‘Smartphone’ which covers devices like any Android powered mobile phone which have inbuilt 3 axis accelerometer and Bluetooth Wireless technology. The functionality can be extended to other mobile devices using a suitable application. The other end of the system has a micro controller powers the DC motor for linear motion of the wheelchair. The DC motor connected to the rear wheels enables linear motion.
This is an android based automated wheelchair that can be used by differently able.
• It uses android based Smartphone’s which have inbuilt axis accelerator sensors and Bluetooth wireless technology.
• The proposed concept exploits these features of the smart phones to use at as a transmitter and control device.
• This is an android based automated wheelchair that can be used by differently able.
• It uses android based Smartphone’s which have inbuilt axis accelerator sensors and Bluetooth wireless technology.
• The proposed concept exploits these features of the smart phones to use at as a transmitter and control device.
This document describes a voice-operated wheelchair system that allows disabled users to control a wheelchair through voice commands. The system uses a microcontroller, wireless microphone, voice recognition processor and motor control interface to integrate voice command functionality. It is trained to recognize basic movement commands like forward, reverse, left and right. When a user speaks a command into the microphone, the voice recognition processor detects the word and sends the corresponding signal to the microcontroller to drive the motors and move the wheelchair. This system is designed to give wheelchair users independence by enabling control through their voice.
RFID based smart shopping cart and billing systemlaharipothula
To make the shopping easy by automated billing at the shopping mall/ super maeket. This module mainly cocnsists of Arduino, RFID tags & reader and zigbee module.
Audio spotlighting is a technology that uses ultrasonic sound beams to direct audible sound to specific locations, similar to flashlight beams directing light. It was invented in the 1970s and uses parametric arrays to modulate ultrasonic frequencies onto a signal and create audible sound through nonlinear interactions with air. This allows very narrow beams of sound to be produced. Audio spotlighting has applications in focused sound zones for public spaces, retail stores, and more, as it can deliver sound to only a targeted area without disturbing others. It provides sharper directivity and control over sound placement compared to conventional speakers.
brain chip technology is a technology which involves communication based on neural activity generated by the brain. brain chip technology implements the brain computer interface.
This password based circuit breaker is built by using 8051 mirocontroller to control a circuit breaker with help of a password only. It provides a solution for the safety of maintenance staff like lineman.
Edgefxkits.com has a wide range of electronic projects ideas that are primarily helpful for ECE, EEE and EIE students and the ideas can be applied for real life purposes as well.
Edgefx provides free verified electronic projects kits around the world with abstracts, circuit diagrams, and free electronic software. We provide guidance manual for Do It Yourself Kits (DIY) with the modules at best price along with free shipping
Vechicle accident prevention using eye bilnk sensor pptsatish 486
This document describes a vehicle accident prevention system using an eye blink sensor. The system uses an IR sensor to detect a driver's eye blinks and a microcontroller to process the sensor data. If no eye blinks are detected for a period of time, indicating potential drowsiness, the system will stop the vehicle and trigger an alarm to prevent accidents. The system could also be expanded in the future to detect alcohol and stop the vehicle if the driver is intoxicated.
Voice Controlled Wheel chair is a mobile wheel chair whose motions can be controlled by the user by giving specific voice commands. The speech recognition software running on a PC is capable of identifying the 5 voice commands ‘Run’, ‘Stop’, ‘Left’, ’Right’ and ‘Back’ issued by a particular User. This system controls the wheel chair as well as read the parameters of patient.
Iot operated wheel chair / smart wheelchair YOGEESH M
This document describes a project to create an IOT operated wheelchair that can be controlled through hand gestures using an accelerometer sensor. The wheelchair is intended to help elderly and physically disabled users navigate inside their home independently. It uses a Raspberry Pi microcontroller along with sensors like an IR sensor for obstacle detection and a camera for live video streaming. The wheelchair's motion in four directions is controlled by tilting the hand in those directions which is detected by the accelerometer sensor. This provides independent mobility assistance without requiring another person's help.
The document describes a voice-based alert system for blind people using ultrasonic sensors. The system is designed by a team with T. Srinivas Reddy as the guide. It uses an LPC1343 cortex M3 microcontroller connected to ultrasonic sensors and a buzzer. The sensors detect obstacles and the microcontroller triggers voice alerts or buzzer sounds. The system aims to help blind people navigate safely in a low-cost and low-power design.
Wireless charging is a method of charging batteries without cables or adapters by using electromagnetic fields. There are three main types of wireless charging: resonant charging, inductive charging, and radio charging. Resonant charging uses coils tuned to the same frequency to transfer power over larger distances and is used for electric cars and robots. Inductive charging creates an electromagnetic field to induce current in a receiving coil and is used for phones, MP3 players, and electric toothbrushes. Radio charging propagates radio waves to power devices like watches and hearing aids. The basic design consists of a transmitter that sends power signals, antennas to mediate between transmitter and receiver, and a receiver to rectify alternating current into direct current to charge a battery.
This is a presentation of OBSTACLE AVOIDANCE ROBOT. which has the details on making an obstacle avoider using arduino uno, ultrasonic sensor. This presentation has the detailed description of all the components that are being used in making. And also circuit diagram and flow chart of the robot.
This document is a summer training report submitted by Akhil Garg to fulfill requirements for a Bachelor of Technology degree in Electronics and Communication Engineering. It discusses embedded systems and the 8051 microcontroller family. Specifically, it provides an introduction to embedded systems, compares microprocessors and microcontrollers, describes the architecture and features of the 8051 microcontroller, explains programming the 8051 in both assembly and C languages, and includes examples of programming the 8051 to control LEDs, 7-segment displays, LCDs, keypads and more. It also discusses the tools needed for 8051 programming including the Keil compiler and Flash Magic programmer.
This document describes how to build a robot that can be controlled via Bluetooth from a mobile phone or PC. An HC-05 Bluetooth module connects to a microcontroller on the robot to receive commands from a Bluetooth-enabled device. The microcontroller then uses a motor driver IC to control the robot's motors to move forward, reverse, or turn based on the received commands.
The document describes an eye movement controlled powered wheelchair for people with physical disabilities. It uses an optical eye tracking system to detect eye movements and translate them to commands to control the wheelchair's movement and direction. Sensors are also included for obstacle detection. The system aims to provide an alternative mobility option for those unable to use traditional interfaces. It consists of a wireless camera, computer for processing eye images, microcontrollers to transmit commands and control motors, and motors attached to the wheelchair. Eye movements are detected using computer vision algorithms and translated to forward, left, or right motions. Additional safety features like obstacle detection and a manual joystick mode are included. The wheelchair aims to improve mobility for quadriplegics and others through a non-invasive
Brain chips are implantable computer chips that can be placed in the brain. They consist of both biological and electronic components and can enhance memory, help paralyzed patients control devices, and potentially be used for military purposes. A key technology is Braingate, which uses a tiny chip with 100 hair-thin electrodes implanted on the motor cortex to detect brain signals and allow severely disabled people to control external devices like computers. The brain signals are transmitted to software that analyzes and translates them so patients can perform tasks like moving a cursor or prosthetic limb with their thoughts. While promising, brain chip technology is still in early stages with challenges around refining the interface between biological and artificial systems.
BLUETOOTH CONTROL ROBOT WITH ANDROID APPLICATIONVarun Divekar
This document proposes designing a Bluetooth controlled robot that can be operated wirelessly via a smartphone. It discusses using an Arduino board connected to DC motors and a Bluetooth module to allow control of the robot's movement. A literature review covers previous work on Bluetooth communication systems for robot control. The objectives are to allow forward, reverse and turning control of the robot from a phone and transmit instructions wirelessly via Bluetooth. The methodology involves programming an Android app for control and analyzing the Bluetooth module connection.
This document provides an overview of a wireless floor cleaning robot project. It includes sections on the project outline, introduction, block diagram, working, hardware components, software used, advantages, disadvantages, applications, future scope, and conclusion. The main points are:
- The project involves designing a wireless floor cleaning robot controlled remotely using an RF transmitter and receiver with an 8051 microcontroller.
- The robot receives signals from a transmitter to control DC motors and vacuum cleaner for cleaning floors remotely without wires.
- Key hardware components include an AT89S52 microcontroller, motor driver, RF modules, DC motors, vacuum cleaner, and other electronic components.
- The robot is programmed using embedded C on an
Shivam Chaddha gave a presentation on brain chips. The presentation covered the evolution of brain chips from early experiments in the 1950s to implantable devices today. It discussed technologies like BrainGate that allow paralyzed patients to control prosthetics and computers using only their thoughts. While promising benefits, brain chips also face challenges from technical limitations and safety/ethical concerns that scientists continue working to address. The presentation concluded that brain chip technology has helped patients but does not promise miracles and more research is still needed.
This document describes a gesture controlled car that can be operated through hand gestures detected by an accelerometer worn on the hand. It consists of an accelerometer, microcontroller, motor driver, motors, RF module, encoder and decoder ICs. The accelerometer senses hand tilts and generates control signals to move the car in four directions. This technology allows for more natural interaction than traditional interfaces and has applications in entertainment, remote control, industrial control, military robotics and medical surgery. Gesture control is expected to become more advanced and widespread with further technological progress.
Smart note taker is a pen that can write in air and store the information in an internal memory chip. It uses displacement sensors to sense the pen's movement and compare the handwriting to letters in its database to store what is written. Notes can then be uploaded and edited on a PC by docking the pen. The smart note taker allows paperless note taking anywhere and saves time over traditional notetaking. However, it has a very high cost which limits its accessibility. It finds applications in presentations, document editing and signatures.
This document discusses home automation through an Android mobile device. It describes a system where a Bluetooth module and relays are used to allow an Android phone to remotely control home appliances. The phone acts as the host controller, communicating with client modules attached to devices via Bluetooth. The system allows users to control lights, temperature and other electronics from their mobile device.
Low Cost Self-assistive Voice Controlled Technology for Disabled PeopleIJMER
The document describes a proposed voice-controlled wheelchair and home automation system for disabled individuals. The system uses a microcontroller connected to a voice recognition module to recognize spoken commands. The commands control the motion of an electric wheelchair and operation of home appliances like lights. The system was tested for accuracy of wheelchair motion and home appliance control in response to voice commands, achieving 80% accuracy in a silent environment. The goal is to allow disabled people to control a wheelchair and home devices independently using only their voice.
IRJET- Advanced Voice Operating Wheelchair using ArduinoIRJET Journal
This document describes a proposed design for an advanced voice-operated wheelchair using Arduino. It begins with an abstract that outlines using voice recognition to help quadriplegics control an electric wheelchair. It then reviews related literature on voice-controlled wheelchairs. The document presents the problem that some wheelchair users have difficulty using standard joystick controls. It proposes a model using Arduino, a voice recognition module, motors, and other components. Finally, it explains the methodology and working process, where voice commands are recognized and used to send signals controlling the wheelchair motors and motion.
Audio spotlighting is a technology that uses ultrasonic sound beams to direct audible sound to specific locations, similar to flashlight beams directing light. It was invented in the 1970s and uses parametric arrays to modulate ultrasonic frequencies onto a signal and create audible sound through nonlinear interactions with air. This allows very narrow beams of sound to be produced. Audio spotlighting has applications in focused sound zones for public spaces, retail stores, and more, as it can deliver sound to only a targeted area without disturbing others. It provides sharper directivity and control over sound placement compared to conventional speakers.
brain chip technology is a technology which involves communication based on neural activity generated by the brain. brain chip technology implements the brain computer interface.
This password based circuit breaker is built by using 8051 mirocontroller to control a circuit breaker with help of a password only. It provides a solution for the safety of maintenance staff like lineman.
Edgefxkits.com has a wide range of electronic projects ideas that are primarily helpful for ECE, EEE and EIE students and the ideas can be applied for real life purposes as well.
Edgefx provides free verified electronic projects kits around the world with abstracts, circuit diagrams, and free electronic software. We provide guidance manual for Do It Yourself Kits (DIY) with the modules at best price along with free shipping
Vechicle accident prevention using eye bilnk sensor pptsatish 486
This document describes a vehicle accident prevention system using an eye blink sensor. The system uses an IR sensor to detect a driver's eye blinks and a microcontroller to process the sensor data. If no eye blinks are detected for a period of time, indicating potential drowsiness, the system will stop the vehicle and trigger an alarm to prevent accidents. The system could also be expanded in the future to detect alcohol and stop the vehicle if the driver is intoxicated.
Voice Controlled Wheel chair is a mobile wheel chair whose motions can be controlled by the user by giving specific voice commands. The speech recognition software running on a PC is capable of identifying the 5 voice commands ‘Run’, ‘Stop’, ‘Left’, ’Right’ and ‘Back’ issued by a particular User. This system controls the wheel chair as well as read the parameters of patient.
Iot operated wheel chair / smart wheelchair YOGEESH M
This document describes a project to create an IOT operated wheelchair that can be controlled through hand gestures using an accelerometer sensor. The wheelchair is intended to help elderly and physically disabled users navigate inside their home independently. It uses a Raspberry Pi microcontroller along with sensors like an IR sensor for obstacle detection and a camera for live video streaming. The wheelchair's motion in four directions is controlled by tilting the hand in those directions which is detected by the accelerometer sensor. This provides independent mobility assistance without requiring another person's help.
The document describes a voice-based alert system for blind people using ultrasonic sensors. The system is designed by a team with T. Srinivas Reddy as the guide. It uses an LPC1343 cortex M3 microcontroller connected to ultrasonic sensors and a buzzer. The sensors detect obstacles and the microcontroller triggers voice alerts or buzzer sounds. The system aims to help blind people navigate safely in a low-cost and low-power design.
Wireless charging is a method of charging batteries without cables or adapters by using electromagnetic fields. There are three main types of wireless charging: resonant charging, inductive charging, and radio charging. Resonant charging uses coils tuned to the same frequency to transfer power over larger distances and is used for electric cars and robots. Inductive charging creates an electromagnetic field to induce current in a receiving coil and is used for phones, MP3 players, and electric toothbrushes. Radio charging propagates radio waves to power devices like watches and hearing aids. The basic design consists of a transmitter that sends power signals, antennas to mediate between transmitter and receiver, and a receiver to rectify alternating current into direct current to charge a battery.
This is a presentation of OBSTACLE AVOIDANCE ROBOT. which has the details on making an obstacle avoider using arduino uno, ultrasonic sensor. This presentation has the detailed description of all the components that are being used in making. And also circuit diagram and flow chart of the robot.
This document is a summer training report submitted by Akhil Garg to fulfill requirements for a Bachelor of Technology degree in Electronics and Communication Engineering. It discusses embedded systems and the 8051 microcontroller family. Specifically, it provides an introduction to embedded systems, compares microprocessors and microcontrollers, describes the architecture and features of the 8051 microcontroller, explains programming the 8051 in both assembly and C languages, and includes examples of programming the 8051 to control LEDs, 7-segment displays, LCDs, keypads and more. It also discusses the tools needed for 8051 programming including the Keil compiler and Flash Magic programmer.
This document describes how to build a robot that can be controlled via Bluetooth from a mobile phone or PC. An HC-05 Bluetooth module connects to a microcontroller on the robot to receive commands from a Bluetooth-enabled device. The microcontroller then uses a motor driver IC to control the robot's motors to move forward, reverse, or turn based on the received commands.
The document describes an eye movement controlled powered wheelchair for people with physical disabilities. It uses an optical eye tracking system to detect eye movements and translate them to commands to control the wheelchair's movement and direction. Sensors are also included for obstacle detection. The system aims to provide an alternative mobility option for those unable to use traditional interfaces. It consists of a wireless camera, computer for processing eye images, microcontrollers to transmit commands and control motors, and motors attached to the wheelchair. Eye movements are detected using computer vision algorithms and translated to forward, left, or right motions. Additional safety features like obstacle detection and a manual joystick mode are included. The wheelchair aims to improve mobility for quadriplegics and others through a non-invasive
Brain chips are implantable computer chips that can be placed in the brain. They consist of both biological and electronic components and can enhance memory, help paralyzed patients control devices, and potentially be used for military purposes. A key technology is Braingate, which uses a tiny chip with 100 hair-thin electrodes implanted on the motor cortex to detect brain signals and allow severely disabled people to control external devices like computers. The brain signals are transmitted to software that analyzes and translates them so patients can perform tasks like moving a cursor or prosthetic limb with their thoughts. While promising, brain chip technology is still in early stages with challenges around refining the interface between biological and artificial systems.
BLUETOOTH CONTROL ROBOT WITH ANDROID APPLICATIONVarun Divekar
This document proposes designing a Bluetooth controlled robot that can be operated wirelessly via a smartphone. It discusses using an Arduino board connected to DC motors and a Bluetooth module to allow control of the robot's movement. A literature review covers previous work on Bluetooth communication systems for robot control. The objectives are to allow forward, reverse and turning control of the robot from a phone and transmit instructions wirelessly via Bluetooth. The methodology involves programming an Android app for control and analyzing the Bluetooth module connection.
This document provides an overview of a wireless floor cleaning robot project. It includes sections on the project outline, introduction, block diagram, working, hardware components, software used, advantages, disadvantages, applications, future scope, and conclusion. The main points are:
- The project involves designing a wireless floor cleaning robot controlled remotely using an RF transmitter and receiver with an 8051 microcontroller.
- The robot receives signals from a transmitter to control DC motors and vacuum cleaner for cleaning floors remotely without wires.
- Key hardware components include an AT89S52 microcontroller, motor driver, RF modules, DC motors, vacuum cleaner, and other electronic components.
- The robot is programmed using embedded C on an
Shivam Chaddha gave a presentation on brain chips. The presentation covered the evolution of brain chips from early experiments in the 1950s to implantable devices today. It discussed technologies like BrainGate that allow paralyzed patients to control prosthetics and computers using only their thoughts. While promising benefits, brain chips also face challenges from technical limitations and safety/ethical concerns that scientists continue working to address. The presentation concluded that brain chip technology has helped patients but does not promise miracles and more research is still needed.
This document describes a gesture controlled car that can be operated through hand gestures detected by an accelerometer worn on the hand. It consists of an accelerometer, microcontroller, motor driver, motors, RF module, encoder and decoder ICs. The accelerometer senses hand tilts and generates control signals to move the car in four directions. This technology allows for more natural interaction than traditional interfaces and has applications in entertainment, remote control, industrial control, military robotics and medical surgery. Gesture control is expected to become more advanced and widespread with further technological progress.
Smart note taker is a pen that can write in air and store the information in an internal memory chip. It uses displacement sensors to sense the pen's movement and compare the handwriting to letters in its database to store what is written. Notes can then be uploaded and edited on a PC by docking the pen. The smart note taker allows paperless note taking anywhere and saves time over traditional notetaking. However, it has a very high cost which limits its accessibility. It finds applications in presentations, document editing and signatures.
This document discusses home automation through an Android mobile device. It describes a system where a Bluetooth module and relays are used to allow an Android phone to remotely control home appliances. The phone acts as the host controller, communicating with client modules attached to devices via Bluetooth. The system allows users to control lights, temperature and other electronics from their mobile device.
Low Cost Self-assistive Voice Controlled Technology for Disabled PeopleIJMER
The document describes a proposed voice-controlled wheelchair and home automation system for disabled individuals. The system uses a microcontroller connected to a voice recognition module to recognize spoken commands. The commands control the motion of an electric wheelchair and operation of home appliances like lights. The system was tested for accuracy of wheelchair motion and home appliance control in response to voice commands, achieving 80% accuracy in a silent environment. The goal is to allow disabled people to control a wheelchair and home devices independently using only their voice.
IRJET- Advanced Voice Operating Wheelchair using ArduinoIRJET Journal
This document describes a proposed design for an advanced voice-operated wheelchair using Arduino. It begins with an abstract that outlines using voice recognition to help quadriplegics control an electric wheelchair. It then reviews related literature on voice-controlled wheelchairs. The document presents the problem that some wheelchair users have difficulty using standard joystick controls. It proposes a model using Arduino, a voice recognition module, motors, and other components. Finally, it explains the methodology and working process, where voice commands are recognized and used to send signals controlling the wheelchair motors and motion.
IOSR Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering(IOSR-JEEE) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of electrical and electronics engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in electrical and electronics engineering. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
This document describes a smart wheelchair prototype that was developed to help people with disabilities have more independence and mobility. The wheelchair can be controlled through a smart phone interface using touch inputs, hand gestures detected by the phone's sensors, or voice commands. It can also be controlled automatically through a connected computer to navigate preset routes. The wheelchair prototype aims to accommodate people with different types and severities of paralysis or disabilities through its multiple operation modes and adjustable seating positions. It was designed with a focus on low cost, ease of use, and overcoming obstacles that typical wheelchairs cannot handle.
This document reviews various methods that have been developed to control wheelchairs. It begins by discussing preliminary studies on wheelchair interfaces and needs of elderly users. It then categorizes the different control methods that have been proposed, including hand control using gloves or joysticks, voice control, hybrid control combining multiple inputs, and control methods for users with reduced strength. The document also examines powered wheelchairs, communication-based control using technologies like Bluetooth, and stair-climbing wheelchairs. Finally, it briefly discusses some tests that have been conducted to evaluate wheelchair control interfaces and stability.
Modeling and Manufacturing of Powered vehicle for physically challenged peopleIJMER
This vehicle is suitable for physically challenged or disabled people. I proposed complete
customized solutions for physically challenged drivers and patents also. This proposed vehicle
successfully dealing with electric and Hybrid vehicle Conversions. In the market they are so many
vehicles are designed for physically challenged peoples but my proposed system is a luxurious vehicle.
Luxurious means vehicle which is automotive electrical vehicle and provide good hospitality to PCP’s.
Vehicle conversion products which enable the person to drive a vehicle with the help of his/her hands or
using only one limb. With a disability, it can be very difficult to drive. Hand controls can make this much
easier with more control and faster response times. Vehicle hand controls are suitable for almost any
make and model car on the road today.
DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF ATTACHABLE WHEELCHAIR AUTOMATORIRJET Journal
This document describes the design and fabrication of an attachable automator for wheelchairs. It aims to make paraplegic patients more independent by converting their manual wheelchair into a motorized one. The automator attaches to existing wheelchairs through clamps and is powered by lithium-sulfur batteries. It uses a hub motor and disc brakes for safety. The automator is designed through CAD software and tested through simulation to be lightweight, durable, safe, and affordable at under Rs. 20,000. Its larger front wheel allows for uneven terrain. The automator seeks to improve mobility and quality of life for paraplegic patients in a cost-effective and sustainable manner.
TONGUE DRIVE SYSTEM (TDS) OPERATED PATIENT FRIENDLY WHEEL CHAIRIJARIDEA Journal
This document describes a tongue-operated wheelchair system called the Tongue Drive System (TDS). The system uses a small permanent magnet attached to the tongue and Hall effect sensors mounted outside the mouth to detect tongue movements. When the tongue moves toward a sensor, it sends a signal to the wheelchair's microcontroller to move in a corresponding direction. The system is intended to allow disabled individuals to freely move about using only their tongue. It discusses the design of the TDS and wheelchair, including the hardware components like sensors, motors, and microcontrollers. The goal is to provide a low-cost assistive technology solution to help disabled people navigate and complete daily tasks.
This document provides details about a project to create a smart wheelchair that can be controlled through hand gestures. A robotic arm is attached to the wheelchair to allow objects to be manipulated. The wheelchair and arm will be controlled by an Arduino using image processing of hand gestures from a camera. Inverse kinematics algorithms will be used to position the robotic arm. The project aims to help people with disabilities move freely and interact with objects.
Automated Wheelchair Convertible Stretcher – A ReviewIRJET Journal
The document reviews the design of a wheelchair that can convert into a stretcher, which would help patients more easily move between a wheelchair and medical bed. It discusses past designs that use mechanisms, electronics, hydraulics, or pneumatics to enable the conversion. The authors suggest developing a new mechanism-based design that is low-cost, easy to use, requires little maintenance, and improves patient comfort when converting between wheelchair and stretcher.
1. The document describes a project to develop a hand gesture-controlled wheelchair using accelerometers as sensors to detect movement.
2. The wheelchair aims to provide independence and mobility to individuals with physical disabilities. By using hand gestures to control the wheelchair, it reduces reliance on others and offers a pathway to greater autonomy.
3. The wheelchair design incorporates an Arduino, wireless transceiver, accelerometer, gyroscope, motor drivers, motors, batteries, and other components. It analyzes hand gesture data to control the wheelchair's forward, backward, left, and right movements.
PPT Format For Project Stage - 1 Presentation 2022-23.pptxshubhamrakshe6
The document provides details of a project to develop a hand gesture controlled wheelchair. It includes an introduction describing the need for such a wheelchair and how existing systems have limitations. It outlines the aims and objectives of making the wheelchair simple, cheap and easy to operate. It also includes sections on the literature survey, system development including block diagrams, circuit diagrams, PCB layout, flowchart, component list and costing. The document discusses the advantages and disadvantages as well as potential applications and includes a project schedule. It provides conclusions on capabilities and potential future improvements with references cited.
Design and Simulation of Multipurpose AutomatorIRJET Journal
1. The document describes the design and simulation of a multipurpose automator device. The automator is intended to be attached to wheelchairs and small carts to help power their movement and reduce strain on users.
2. Key calculations are shown for determining the necessary motor torque and battery capacity based on the expected load of a wheelchair or cart. Dimensions are also analyzed from real wheelchairs.
3. The proposed design involves a chassis with a handle, perpendicular support arm, and wheel plate that can be detachably fixed to wheelchairs and carts using an adjustable fixture frame. This is intended to allow independent mobility while reducing physical demands.
The document proposes a system that combines gesture recognition, voice assistance and health monitoring to enhance communication for speech-impaired individuals. The system uses a glove with flex sensors and an Android application to recognize sign language gestures and convert them to voice. It also monitors the user's heart rate. The goal is to allow independent and improved communication while managing health. The expected outcomes include accurate gesture identification, converting gestures to speech, and monitoring heart rate through gestures.
IRJET- An Ameliorated Methodology of Smart Assistant to Physically Challenged...IRJET Journal
This document presents a proposed system for an improved smart assistant for physically challenged persons using the Internet of Things. The system would provide an intelligent wheelchair with accident and fall detection, live tracking via GPS, and an emergency alert button. It aims to increase independence and safety for disabled users. The wheelchair would detect if the user falls using an accelerometer sensor and notify caregivers or emergency services. It would also allow caregivers to view the wheelchair's real-time location through a mobile app. The system aims to reduce accidents and response times to help physically challenged people.
Multi-faceted Wheelchair control InterfaceIRJET Journal
1) The document discusses a proposed multi-faceted wheelchair control interface that allows users to control a wheelchair through both a touchscreen and voice commands.
2) It aims to provide elderly and disabled individuals with greater independence and mobility by making wheelchair control more user-friendly.
3) The proposed system uses speech recognition and a mobile application to allow users to locate the wheelchair and give it voice commands to navigate toward the user or move in different directions.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
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6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024)ClaraZara1
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The growing significance of portable systems to limit power consumption in ultra-large-scale-integration chips of very high density, has recently led to rapid and inventive progresses in low-power design. The most effective technique is adiabatic logic circuit design in energy-efficient hardware. This paper presents two adiabatic approaches for the design of low power circuits, modified positive feedback adiabatic logic (modified PFAL) and the other is direct current diode based positive feedback adiabatic logic (DC-DB PFAL). Logic gates are the preliminary components in any digital circuit design. By improving the performance of basic gates, one can improvise the whole system performance. In this paper proposed circuit design of the low power architecture of OR/NOR, AND/NAND, and XOR/XNOR gates are presented using the said approaches and their results are analyzed for powerdissipation, delay, power-delay-product and rise time and compared with the other adiabatic techniques along with the conventional complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) designs reported in the literature. It has been found that the designs with DC-DB PFAL technique outperform with the percentage improvement of 65% for NOR gate and 7% for NAND gate and 34% for XNOR gate over the modified PFAL techniques at 10 MHz respectively.
Literature Review Basics and Understanding Reference Management.pptxDr Ramhari Poudyal
Three-day training on academic research focuses on analytical tools at United Technical College, supported by the University Grant Commission, Nepal. 24-26 May 2024
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
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detection in smart grids. The proposed approach is a combination of the Convolutional Neural Network
(CNN) and the Long-Short-Term Memory algorithms (LSTM). We employed a recent intrusion detection
dataset (DNP3), which focuses on unauthorized commands and Denial of Service (DoS) cyberattacks, to
train and test our model. The results of our experiments show that our CNN-LSTM method is much better
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1. i
GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Chandkheda, Ahmedabad
VISHWAKARMA GOVERNMENT ENGINEERING COLLEGE
(Affiliated with GTU)
A Project Report on
“VOICE CONTROL WHELLCHAIR”
Under the subject name of
Project-II (2181108)
B. E. 4rd
year, Semester –VIII
(Electronics and Communication Branch)
Submitted by:
Name of Students: Enrolment No.
PINAL PATEL (150173111026)
KHUSHBU RAJPUT (150173111029)
JAYESH RATHOD (150173111031)
MAHESH VAINSH (150173111038)
(Project Guide)
Prof. Alpesh H. Dafda
Head of the Department
Dr. Rajesh A. Thakkar
Academic year
(2017-2018)
2. ii
CERTIFICATE
Vishwakarma Government Engineering College,
Chandkheda, Ahmedabad
Electronics and Communication Department
This is to certify that the project report on “VOICE CONTROL WHEELCHAIR” is prepared and
submitted by Pinal Patel (150173111026), Khushbu Rajput (150173111029), Jayesh Rathod
(150173111031) and Mahesh Vainsh (150173111038) under my guidance in fulfilment of the degree
of bachelor of engineering in Electronics & Communication in 7th
semester of Gujarat Technological
University Ahmedabad during the academic year 2017-2018.
Faculty Guide Head of department
Prof. Alpesh H. Dafda Dr. Rajesh A. Thakkar
3. iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We would like to begin by thanking my faculty guide Prof. Alpesh H. Dafda for his supervision and
advice throughout this project. Without his help this project would not have been possible. Sincerely
thanks to Head of department Dr. Rajesh A. Thakkar and Principal of Vishwakarma Government
Engineering College was provides us needful environment to being think and encouraged us for new
ideas for design engineering. We would also like thank other faculty member to stay supportive with us
throughout the year. Finally we like to thank our friends and seniors for their support throughout the
year. And at last we were thankful to our parents for their financial support and encouragement
throughout the year, without them we would not able to accomplish this project.
By:
Pinal Patel (150173111026)
Rajput Khushbu (150173111029)
Jayesh Rathod (150173111031)
Mahesh Vainsh (150173111038)
4. iv
ABSTRACT
This project is related to controlling a wheel chair by means of human voice. The objective of this project
is to facilitate the movement of people who are disabled or handicapped. Speech recognition technology
is used to move the wheel chair. The result of this project is show that this can be used for future research
work and public interest.
Key words:
Voice recognition, Disabled, Battery powered wheelchair, Mechatronics engineering, Interface,
Assistive technology, Mobility aids, Power wheelchair, Motorized wheelchair.
5. v
CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Summary 1
1.3 Aim and Objective of Project 2
1.4 Problem Specification 2
1.5 Literature 3
CHAPTER 2 IMPLEMENTATION OF METHODOLOGY 5
2.1 Design Methodology 5
2.2 Block Diagram Representation 6
2.3 Circuit Diagram 7
CHAPTER 3 HARDWARE DESCRIPTION 9
3.1 Microphone 9
3.2 Voice Recognition Module 10
3.3 Arduino (ATMega 328) 11
3.4 Battery 12
3.5 L293D IC 12
3.6 Bluetooth Module 13
3.7 DC Motor 14
3.8 Power Supply 15
CHAPTER 4 PROGRAM CODE 18
4.1 Program 18
CHAPTER 5 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES 21
5.1 Advantages 21
5.2 Disadvantages 21
CHAPTER 6 APPLICATION AND FUTURE SCOPE 22
6.1 Application 22
6.2 Future Scope 22
CHAPTER 7 REFERENCES 23
7.1 References 23
6. vi
CHAPTER-1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 INTRODUCTION
This project aims to design integrate program to interface and test a fully motorized, voice-operated
wheelchair. A regular standard wheelchair was used as main that has been on modified to meet this
project’s goals. In this project, the procedure of Mechatronic systems design was followed to assure the
quality of the final product i.e. the MotoChair.
The project has consisted of the following parts: Hardware, software, interface and testing.
This project is related to controlling a wheel chair by means of human voice. The objective of this
project is to facilitate the movement of people who are disabled or handicapped. Speech recognition
technology is used to move the wheel chair. The result of this project is show that this can be used for
future research work and public interest.
The main objective is to design a system which provides solution for the physically handicapped
(challenged) people those who can’t move by themselves, using speech commands by interfacing the
Speech Recognition with microcontroller and wheel chair. The voice commands are given to the
Bluetooth module HC 05 kit with the help of mic and the wheel chair moves according to the given
directions.
The movement of the wheelchair is controlled by the motors and motor drivers connected to the wheels
of the chair. The interfacing between speech recognition kit and motors is done by microcontroller. Here
in this project the microcontroller used is AT89S52. This concept was taken in this paper to reduce the
human efforts in driving a wheelchair.
1.2 SUMMARY
This project can be summarized as a system that is used for handicapped person can able to move around
using voice of that person.
To design and develop an android app through which we can operate a movement of wheel chair Using
android device.
7. vii
1.3 AIM AND OBJECTIVES
Aim:
The main aim of the project is a persons who suffering from physically handicapped and he or she cannot
not be able to do his ordinary work. Therefor providing a solution to these guys with very efficient
designed and using voice.
The aim of this project is to design a wheelchair that has features such as low weight, low cost, long
distance travelling capacity.
Objective:
To achieve long distance travel.
Forming of a light-weight wheel-chair structure which would carry up to 90 kg
Coding of a specific program, which would run the device by using a voice (controlled
using Arduino)
Making the total prototype as cost-effective and less expensive as possible
1.4 PROBLEM SPECIFICATIONS
In worldwide context, it is estimated that 100-130 million people with disabilities are present which
require wheelchairs for their assistance. Reasons for the physical disability can be 1) Inherited or genetic
disorder such as dystrophy 2) Condition present at birth such as spinal bifida 3) Spinal cord or brain
injury during accidents. Experts predict that the number of people who will need wheelchairs will be
increased by 22% over the next ten years.
Wheel-chair is still the best transportation means for them. This is the reason why wheelchairs are being
developed with additional latest advancements which leads its conversion to electric wheelchair.
Presently available manual wheelchairs require constant assistance of others for people having severe
disability and are at a high risk of injuries to the upper part of the body due to mechanical inefficiency
of the wheelchair. Also the manual wheelchairs have difficulty while going up the slope or uneven
surface. The available electric wheelchairs and our wheelchair are voice operated and also manually.
8. viii
1.5 LITERATURE
Paper No:-1
“Wheelchair for Physically and Mentally Disabled Persons”, Nirmal T M, International Journal of
Electrical and Electronics Research, ISSN 2348-6988 (online), Vol. 2, Issue 2, pp: (112-118), April -
June 2014 [1]
This paper specifies about the development of wheelchair that can be controlled by voice, eye or using
joystick according to the severity of disability of handicap person. It also features an alert system which
analyses the patient physical condition such as heart rate, temperature, etc and informs the doctor about
the same. It also has integrated robotic hand which facilitates the patient for taking medicines and food.
This research paper focuses on the problems of the handicap person and tries to solve them in best
possible way. The limitation is that it has to be developed separately for each individual specified to its
severity which increases its cost and time.
Paper No:-2
“Solar Powered Wheel Chair: Mobility For Physically Challenged”, Arun Manohar Gurram, P.S.V
Ramana Rao, Raghuveer Dontikurti, International Journal of Current Engineering and Technology,
ISSN 2277 - 4106 Vol.2, No.1, pp: (211-214), March 2012 [2]
This paper focuses on the development of solar based wheelchair which helps in reducing the running
cost of the wheelchair. It is specially designed for hemi-pelagic users to control the wheelchair
efficiently. The control of the wheelchair can be transferred to either side to facilitate the user. The
wheelchair has considerable advantages but still limits from the factor that it has longer battery charging
time and less ability to climb up the slope.
9. ix
Paper No:-3
“Design and Implementation of an Electric Wheel-Chair to Economise it with Respect to Bangladesh”
by Humaira Salmin, Hafiz Rakibul, Pratik Kumar Kundu, B.M. Fahmid Jahur Shuvo, K.B.M.
Nasiruzzaman and Rahman MD Moshiour, International Journal Of Multidisciplinary Sciences And
Engineering, Vol. 5, No. 2, pp: (17-22), February 2014 [3]
This paper specifies about the high costing of the electric wheelchair and modifying the present electric
wheelchairs to make it affordable to the common people. It put emphasis on the utilization of resources
available locally to reduce the cost of wheelchair. It uses set of dc gear motor, PIC microcontroller and
h bridge module for controlling the movement of wheelchair. The limitation of this research is that cost
of the wheelchair is still high for the poor people to afford it.
10. x
CHAPTER-2 DESING METHODOLOGY AND BLOCK DIAGRAM
2.1 DESIGN METHODOLOGY
Planning of the project can be describe below using methodology diagram.
Figure 2.1.1 Design Methodology
Literature Survey
Preparation of block diagram
Choice of Components
Simulation of Circuit in Software
Programming
Simulation
Preparation of Prototype
Testing
Troubleshooting
11. xi
Observation must be done in any type of project related work so we first focused on survey of different
papers, books and other projects.
The second step is to prepare the block and the circuit diagram. The necessary programming is done to
control the circuit.
Next step is to decide the components required and to develop the model in the software. The design is
checked on the software and necessary changes are made to improve the design.
The collection of the components is done. The connection procedure is done through the process of
soldering and the prototype is developed. The prototype is checked for the errors and necessary
troubleshooting is carried out in case of errors.
The final prototype is reviewed from the project guide and future work is to be carried out on the basis
of the reviews and final prototype is carried out.
2.2 BLOCK DIAGRAM REPRESETATION
In this block diagram we use cell phone as a voice recognition to converts acoustic sound to the electric
signal. Here we use an application as a voice recognition and also this converts in the form of appropriate
bit stream which could later transmitted by the antenna has mounted in the cell phone.
Figure 2.2.1 Block Diagram Representation
12. xii
This bit stream is transmitted via Bluetooth and received by the receiver Bluetooth module in serial
channel with range of frequency band from 2.4 to 2.485 GHz.
Arduino is well programmed and it have a preloaded data on it. This data will useful to match the
incoming digital bits and produce an appropriate output this will apply to the L293D IC.
L293D is a 16 pin motor driver IC to drive DC motor with high current rate. This IC can control two
DC motor simultaneously in any direction. According to input data IC will rotate the DC motor in
clockwise or anticlockwise direction (like Right, left, forward, reverse and stop).
Power supply unit give +5 volt DC supply applied to Bluetooth receiver module, microcontroller and
L293D IC
2.3 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
Voice signals are given with the help of android app. Voice is recognised with the help of android base
voice application. Bluetooth HC-05 is used for serial transmission. Microcontroller is used to interface
between motors and voice recognition system. Battery is used to supply current to the motor.
Figure 2.3.1 Circuit Diagram
When the voice is recognised, the wheelchair will move in that direction by giving commands to the
wheelchair. This commands are transferred to the wheelchair using electrical signal which are used the
drive left and right motor of the wheelchair.
13. xiii
There are basically two motors connected to the left and right wheels of the wheelchair. The electrical
signals are transferred to those motors using some hardware ports, called communication port
The voice commands which is used to move the wheelchair are like left, right, forward and reverse etc.
Two wheels are used in the wheelchair for proper balancing. The movement of the wheels is controlled
by DC motors which are attached to the wheelchair.
The wheelchair directions and movement possible are given as follow.
1. Forward: Both motors are in forward direction.
2. Reverse: Both are in reverse direction.
3. Stop: Both Motors are stopped.
4. Right & Left
14. xiv
CHAPTER-3 HARDWARE DESCRIPTION
3.1 MICROPHONE
A microphone nicknamed microphone or mike is a transducer that converts a sound signal into an
electrical signal with a single frequency.
Microphones are used in many applications such as telephone, hearing aids, concert halls and public
events, motion picture production, live and recorded audio engineering, sound recording, two-way radio,
megaphone, radio Computers for non-acoustic purposes such as voice, speech recognition, VoIP, and
ultrasonic sensors or knock sensors.
Figure 3.1.1 Microphone
Some different types of microphones are in use, which use different methods to alter the volume of
sound wave noise in the electrical signal. The most common dynamic microphone, which uses
suspended wire coils in the magnetic field; Condenser microphone, which uses diagonal diaphragm as
capacitor plate, and piezoelectric microphone which uses crystals.
15. xv
3.2 VOICE RECOGNITION MODULE
Voice recognition is a technology that simplifies natural and convenient human-machine interfaces
using the voice recognition module. It analyses human delivery washing facilities on a machine or
computer via a microphone.
Figure 3.2.1 Voice Recognition Circuit
Voice recognition technology is classified based on a variety of criteria, such as the scope of users, the
number of words used for recognition, the quality of the speech.
If the voice recognition level is more than 95%, then only voice recognition is practically used.
Working principle:
HM 2007 is a chip CMOS voice recognition module. It has on-chip analogue front and large-scale
integrated circuits with voice analysis, speech recognition and voice recognition system control
processes. HM2007 can be operated in two modes: Manual mode and CPU control mode.
In the manual mode of operation, the voice recognition module HM2007 is used to create simple
identification system by combining elements such as keypad, SRAM and other components of 8 Kbit
memories.
If the power is on, the HM2007 starts the initial process and, if the WAIT pin is L, then the HM 20077
checks external memory: 8 Kbit SRAM - whether it is perfect or not. But, if WAIT is H, then the memory
check process will be ignored by HM2007.
16. xvi
Figure 3.2.2 HM2007 Pin Diagram
After the initialization process, the HM2007 moves to validation mode. In the validation mode, if the
WAIT pin is H, then the HM2007 is ready to accept the voice and the validation process begins. If the
WAIT pin is L, then the HM2007 is not acceptable to the sound which can be identified. After clearing
the trained method, two procedures are done using the new pattern training function key: TRN and CLR.
In HM 2007 all the pattern numbers can be cleared by entering 99 and pressing CLR.
3.3 ARDUINO (ATMEGA 328)
Arduino is board which has ATmega328P microcontroller built on it. It has 16 MHz crystal, 6 analogue
input and output pins, 14 digital input output pins and out of which 14 digital pins 6 pins can be used as
PWM pins that are quite helpful in motor control applications.
It contains a USB connector which can be used to connect Arduino to the pc for uploading the code.
While Arduino is connected to PC it can draw necessary power from the PC required for its operation.
It has an adaptor jack which can be used to power the Arduino in offline mode. It has also Vin pin to
accept the 9V supply essential for its working. It has two to three 5V and ground pins which can be used
to power up the small power consuming devices directly from the Arduino.
17. xvii
Figure 3.3.1 Arduino (ATMega 328)
3.4 BATTERY
The main power supply for the wheelchair is provided by 12VDC (4.5Ah) rechargeable lead-acid
batteries. The wheelchair will also contain a solar panel as a secondary source of power supply. When
the wheelchair is operated in the driving mode, the power is provided by the solar panel mainly and
remaining power can be provided by the battery, with the power available from the solar panel will be
decided by the intensity of sunlight at that time. When it is not in operation, the solar power charges the
battery for later use.
3.5 L293D IC
L293D is a typical Motor driver or Motor Driver IC which allows DC motor to drive on either direction.
L293D is a 16-pin IC which can control a set of two DC motors simultaneously in any direction
It works on the concept of H-bridge. H-bridge is a circuit which allows the voltage to be flown in either
direction. As you know voltage need to change its direction for being able to rotate the motor in
clockwise or anticlockwise direction, hence H-bridge IC are ideal for driving a DC motor.
In a single L293D chip there are two h-Bridge circuit inside the IC which can rotate two dc motor
independently. Due its size it is very much used in robotic application for controlling DC motors. Given
below is the pin diagram of a L293D motor controller.
18. xviii
The pin diagram of the L293D IC is shown in below figure.
Figure 3.5.1 L293D
There are two Enable pins on l293d. Pin 1 and pin 9, for being able to drive the motor, the pin 1 and 9
need to be high. For driving the motor with left H-bridge you need to enable pin 1 to high. And for
right H-Bridge you need to make the pin 9 to high. If anyone of the either pin1 or pin9 goes low then
the motor in the corresponding section will suspend working. It’s like a switch.
3.6 BLUETOOTH MODULE (HC-05)
Bluetooth is a wireless technology standard for exchanging data over short distances (using short
wavelength UHF radio waves in the ISM band from 2.4 to 2.485 GHz) from fixed and mobile devices,
and building personal area networks (PANs).
Figure 3.6.1 Bluetooth module HC-05
19. xix
Bluetooth operates at frequencies between 2402 and 2480 MHz, or 2400 and 2483.5 MHz
including guard bands 2 MHz wide at the bottom end and 3.5 MHz wide at the top. This is in the globally
unlicensed (but not unregulated) Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM) 2.4 GHz short-range radio
frequency band. Bluetooth uses a radio technology called frequency-hopping spread spectrum.
Bluetooth divides transmitted data into packets, and transmits each packet on one of 79 designated
Bluetooth channels. Each channel has a bandwidth of 1MHz. It usually performs 800 hops per second,
with Adaptive Frequency-Hopping (AFH) enabled. Bluetooth low energy uses 2 MHz spacing, which
accommodates 40 channels.
3.7 DC MOTORS
Motors are arguably one of the most important parts of a mobile robotics platform. Overpowered motors
cause inefficiency and waste the already limited supply of power from the onboard batteries, while
undersized motors could be short on torque at critical times.
The optimal rotation speed and the available speed range of the motor must also be taken into
consideration. To high of an output rpm from the motor shaft will cause the robot to operate at a fast,
uncontrollable speed. Too low of an output and the robot will not be able to attain a suitable speed to
meet the user’s needs.
The torque output of the motor also plays a role in the performance because if the torque is not sufficient,
locomotion may not occur in certain situations. Therefore, much consideration was put into the selection
of the proper motor for the platform.
Figure 3.7.1 DC Motor
20. xx
Motors come in many shapes and sizes. There are electromagnetic direct current (DC) motors and
electromagnetic alternating current (AC) motors and a number of variations of each. AC motors are
typically used for large applications, such as machine tools, washers, dryers, etc., and are power by an
AC power line.
Since the typical power supply for mobile robotic is a DC battery, and technology for transforming DC
to AC is very expensive in both terms of monetary cost and power cost, AC motors where ruled out as
an option for the robot. DC motors are commonly used for small jobs and suited the purposes of the
platform very well. Figure shows the 12V DC motor use in wheelchair.
3.8 POWER SUPPLY
A power supply is an electronic device that supplies electric energy to an electrical load. The primary
function of a power supply is convert one form of electrical energy to another. Power supplies are
sometimes referred to as electric power converters. In most of electronic projects we need a power
supply for converting mains AC voltage to a regulated DC voltage. For making a power supply designing
of each and every component is essential.
Component list:
1. Step down transformer
2. Rectifier
3. Filter
4. Voltage regulator
Figure 3.8.1 Basic Block Diagram of Power Supply
21. xxi
Design 5v DC power supply
Transformer
First step is scale down the voltage by step down transformer and a step down transformer converts main
high ac voltage to the low ac voltage.
Rectifier
Rectifier converts the alternative current to direct current. The Process of converts from ac current to dc
current is knows as rectification. And this is the most important equipment circuit for the designing ac
to dc power supply.
Figure 3.8.2 Circuit of Bridge Rectifier
Filter
Filter is a process after rectification. So the dc current is carried out with the help of filter because of the
output of the rectification process contain some ripples and we need to filter these distortion. In 5v power
supply we are using 50v 1000uF capacitor.
Voltage regulator
Voltage regulator provides the regulated output. There are varies voltage regulator available in market,
but we need 5v DC output so we are using LM7805. In some case we need 9v dc output so we use
LM7809, for 12v dc output we use LM7812.
22. xxii
Figure 3.8.3 Pin Diagram Of 7805
The Schematic Diagram Of Power Supply
Figure 3.8.4 Schematic of AC to DC Power Supply
23. xxiii
CHAPTER-5 PROGRAM CODE
5.1 PROGRAM
#include <SoftwareSerial.h>
SoftwareSerial BT(10, 11); //TX, RX respetively
String readvoice;
void setup() {
BT.begin(9600);
Serial.begin(9600);
pinMode(3, OUTPUT);
pinMode(4, OUTPUT);
pinMode(5, OUTPUT);
pinMode(6, OUTPUT);
}
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------//
void loop() {
while (BT.available()){ //Check if there is an available byte to read
delay(10); //Delay added to make thing stable
char c = BT.read(); //Conduct a serial read
readvoice += c; //build the string- "forward", "reverse", "left" and "right"
}
if (readvoice.length() > 0) {
Serial.println(readvoice);
26. xxvi
CHAPTER-5 ADVANTAGED AND DISADVANTEGES
5.1 ADVANTEGES
1. Input can be changed rapidly.
2. Reduce man power.
3. Very easy to use.
4. More reliable.
5. Less wiring because of Bluetooth.
5.2 DISADVANTEGES
1. It has an operating range of 10-100 meters.
2. Bluetooth module technology often expensive.
3. Even the best recognition system sometime makes error.
27. xxvii
CHAPTER-6 APPLICATION AND FUTURE SCOPE
6.1 APPLICATION
Hospitals.
Home.
The wheelchair can also be operated by blind people.
Can be operated by the handicapped person.
Obstacles in the way of wheelchair are detected and avoided using IR sensors.
6.2 FUTURE SCOPE
Using gear box we can produce high speed moving wheelchair.
PWM modulation can also increase speed.
Solar Panel can also be used to charge the battery for power supply to the components required
to drive the wheelchair.
The wheelchair can also include the gesture feature to operate the wheelchair.
Wheelchair only can function properly when the weight of the load for this system must be
below 50 kilogram. Obstacle avoidance sensors are used.
28. xxviii
CHAPTER-6 REFERENCES
6.1 REFERENCES
[1] “Wheelchair for Physically and Mentally Disabled Persons”, Nirmal T M, International Journal of
Electrical and Electronics Research
[2] “Solar Powered Wheel Chair: Mobility For Physically Challenged”, Arun Manohar Gurram, P.S.V
Ramana Rao, Raghuveer Dontikurti, International Journal of Current Engineering and Technology,
[3] “Design and Implementation of an Electric Wheel-Chair to Economise it with Respect to
Bangladesh” by Humaira Salmin, Hafiz Rakibul, Pratik Kumar Kundu, B.M. Fahmid Jahur Shuvo,
K.B.M. Nasiruzzaman and Rahman MD Moshiour, International Journal Of Multidisciplinary Sciences
And Engineering, Vol. 5
[4] Speech recognition module, PPT web page available at
https://www.slideshare.net/mobile/RkPalz/speech.recognization_module_robomart
[5] Arduino with voice recognition module, web page available at
https://www.geetech.com/wiki/index.php/arduino_voice_recognition_module
[6] Voice controlled automation, web page available at
https://www.slideshare.net/mob/pro/Voice_controlled_automation