it is a smart wheelchair which uses voice and bluetooth commands . Also consists of temperature and heartbeat sensors for continuous monitoring by the doctor.
It consisting Mobile app, Arduino, Bluetooth Receiver module, L293D ic etc. The movement of robot is controlled by the voice which catch by the microphone inside the mobile.
it is a smart wheelchair which uses voice and bluetooth commands . Also consists of temperature and heartbeat sensors for continuous monitoring by the doctor.
It consisting Mobile app, Arduino, Bluetooth Receiver module, L293D ic etc. The movement of robot is controlled by the voice which catch by the microphone inside the mobile.
New development in sensors, radar and ultrasonic technologies has proved to be a boon for electronics
travelling aids (ETAs). These devices are widely used by blind and physically challenged peoples. C5 laser
cane, Mowat sensor, belt and binaural sonic aid, NAV guide cane are among popular electronic travelling
aids used by blind peoples. For physically challenged person electric wheel chairs controlled by joystick,
eye movement and voice recognition are also available but they have their own limitation in terms of
operating complexity, noise environment and cost. Our paper proposes an automated innovative
wheelchair controlled by neck position of person. It uses simple LEDs, photo sensor, motor and
microcontroller to control the movement of wheelchair
This robotic wheelchair operated by human speech commands. The system operates with the use of a android device which is transmits voice commands to an 8051 microcontroller to achieve this functionally. The transmitter consists of the Bluetooth devices . The voice commands recognized by the module are transmitted by through the Bluetooth transmitter . This commands are detected by the robotic wheelchair in order to move it in left , right ,backward and front direction
A robot is usually an electro-mechanical machine that is guided by computer and electronic programming. Many robots have been built for manufacturing purpose and can be found in factories around the world. Designing of the latest inverted ROBOT which can be controlling using an APP for android mobile. We are developing the remote buttons in the android app by which we can control the robot motion with them. A smart phone Android operated robot car. Now here is a simple to control our robo car using Bluetooth module HC-05 and AT89S52 microcontroller with our android Smartphone device. The controlling devices of the whole system are a microcontroller. Bluetooth module, DC motors are interfaced to the microcontroller. . The robot in the project can be made to move in all the four directions using the android phone. In achieving the task the controller is loaded with program written using Embedded ‘C’ Languages. Android smart phone controller Bluetooth robot using microcontroller. In our work, move the robot upward, backward, left and right side by the android application such as Bluetooth Controlled Car.
This project is to develop a wheel chair for physically disabled people
The wheel chair is controlled by hand movement/hand gestures
The gestures are recognized by an accelerometer sensor
An ultrasonic sensor is used to detect the obstacles in front of the chair
The signals from the sensors are processed, and the wheel chair is controlled by Atmega-328 micro controller
Slide show demonstrating pick and place robot and its parts.
Also effects are implanted in the slide.
It can be helpful for students for academic projects.
Low Cost Self-assistive Voice Controlled Technology for Disabled PeopleIJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) covers all the fields of engineering and science: Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Computer Engineering, Agricultural Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, Thermodynamics, Structural Engineering, Control Engineering, Robotics, Mechatronics, Fluid Mechanics, Nanotechnology, Simulators, Web-based Learning, Remote Laboratories, Engineering Design Methods, Education Research, Students' Satisfaction and Motivation, Global Projects, and Assessment…. And many more.
Modeling and Manufacturing of Powered vehicle for physically challenged peopleIJMER
This vehicle is suitable for physically challenged or disabled people. I proposed complete
customized solutions for physically challenged drivers and patents also. This proposed vehicle
successfully dealing with electric and Hybrid vehicle Conversions. In the market they are so many
vehicles are designed for physically challenged peoples but my proposed system is a luxurious vehicle.
Luxurious means vehicle which is automotive electrical vehicle and provide good hospitality to PCP’s.
Vehicle conversion products which enable the person to drive a vehicle with the help of his/her hands or
using only one limb. With a disability, it can be very difficult to drive. Hand controls can make this much
easier with more control and faster response times. Vehicle hand controls are suitable for almost any
make and model car on the road today.
New development in sensors, radar and ultrasonic technologies has proved to be a boon for electronics
travelling aids (ETAs). These devices are widely used by blind and physically challenged peoples. C5 laser
cane, Mowat sensor, belt and binaural sonic aid, NAV guide cane are among popular electronic travelling
aids used by blind peoples. For physically challenged person electric wheel chairs controlled by joystick,
eye movement and voice recognition are also available but they have their own limitation in terms of
operating complexity, noise environment and cost. Our paper proposes an automated innovative
wheelchair controlled by neck position of person. It uses simple LEDs, photo sensor, motor and
microcontroller to control the movement of wheelchair
This robotic wheelchair operated by human speech commands. The system operates with the use of a android device which is transmits voice commands to an 8051 microcontroller to achieve this functionally. The transmitter consists of the Bluetooth devices . The voice commands recognized by the module are transmitted by through the Bluetooth transmitter . This commands are detected by the robotic wheelchair in order to move it in left , right ,backward and front direction
A robot is usually an electro-mechanical machine that is guided by computer and electronic programming. Many robots have been built for manufacturing purpose and can be found in factories around the world. Designing of the latest inverted ROBOT which can be controlling using an APP for android mobile. We are developing the remote buttons in the android app by which we can control the robot motion with them. A smart phone Android operated robot car. Now here is a simple to control our robo car using Bluetooth module HC-05 and AT89S52 microcontroller with our android Smartphone device. The controlling devices of the whole system are a microcontroller. Bluetooth module, DC motors are interfaced to the microcontroller. . The robot in the project can be made to move in all the four directions using the android phone. In achieving the task the controller is loaded with program written using Embedded ‘C’ Languages. Android smart phone controller Bluetooth robot using microcontroller. In our work, move the robot upward, backward, left and right side by the android application such as Bluetooth Controlled Car.
This project is to develop a wheel chair for physically disabled people
The wheel chair is controlled by hand movement/hand gestures
The gestures are recognized by an accelerometer sensor
An ultrasonic sensor is used to detect the obstacles in front of the chair
The signals from the sensors are processed, and the wheel chair is controlled by Atmega-328 micro controller
Slide show demonstrating pick and place robot and its parts.
Also effects are implanted in the slide.
It can be helpful for students for academic projects.
Low Cost Self-assistive Voice Controlled Technology for Disabled PeopleIJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) covers all the fields of engineering and science: Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Computer Engineering, Agricultural Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, Thermodynamics, Structural Engineering, Control Engineering, Robotics, Mechatronics, Fluid Mechanics, Nanotechnology, Simulators, Web-based Learning, Remote Laboratories, Engineering Design Methods, Education Research, Students' Satisfaction and Motivation, Global Projects, and Assessment…. And many more.
Modeling and Manufacturing of Powered vehicle for physically challenged peopleIJMER
This vehicle is suitable for physically challenged or disabled people. I proposed complete
customized solutions for physically challenged drivers and patents also. This proposed vehicle
successfully dealing with electric and Hybrid vehicle Conversions. In the market they are so many
vehicles are designed for physically challenged peoples but my proposed system is a luxurious vehicle.
Luxurious means vehicle which is automotive electrical vehicle and provide good hospitality to PCP’s.
Vehicle conversion products which enable the person to drive a vehicle with the help of his/her hands or
using only one limb. With a disability, it can be very difficult to drive. Hand controls can make this much
easier with more control and faster response times. Vehicle hand controls are suitable for almost any
make and model car on the road today.
it is a smart wheelchair which uses voice and bluetooth commands . Also consists of temperature and heartbeat sensors for continuous monitoring by the doctor.
IOSR Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering(IOSR-JEEE) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of electrical and electronics engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in electrical and electronics engineering. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
Contact with Dawood Bhai Just call on +92322-6382012 and we'll help you. We'll solve all your problems within 12 to 24 hours and with 101% guarantee and with astrology systematic. If you want to take any personal or professional advice then also you can call us on +92322-6382012 , ONLINE LOVE PROBLEM & Other all types of Daily Life Problem's.Then CALL or WHATSAPP us on +92322-6382012 and Get all these problems solutions here by Amil Baba DAWOOD BANGALI
#vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore#blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #blackmagicforlove #blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #Amilbabainuk #amilbabainspain #amilbabaindubai #Amilbabainnorway #amilbabainkrachi #amilbabainlahore #amilbabaingujranwalan #amilbabainislamabad
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Smart wheel chair based on voice recognition for handicapped
1. ABSTRACT
This project is related to the Voice Controlled Wheelchair System by using speech
recognition module. The system is designed to control a wheelchair using the voice of
consumer. The objective of this project is to facilitate the movement of people who are
disabled or handicapped and elderly people who are not able to move well. The result of this
design will allow certain people to live a life with less dependence on others. Speech
recognition technology is a key which may provide a new way of human interaction with
machines or tools. Thus the problem that they are faced can be solved by using speech
recognition technology to move the wheelchair. This can be realized with used the
microphone as an intermediary. In this project, interface is designed therefore to develop the
program for recognizes a voice in turn controls the movement of wheelchairs. This project
uses Atmel AVR microcontroller circuit and Direct Current Motor to create the movement of
wheelchair. The results and analysis of this innovation will describe in this report.
The results of this project show that this project can be used for future research works and to
design excellence innovation that meets market need and public interest.
2. INTRODUCTION
While the needs of many individuals with disabilities can be satisfied with power
wheelchairs, some members of the disabled community find it is difficult or impossible to
operate a standard power wheelchair. This project could be part of an assistive technology. It
is for more independent, productive and enjoyable living. The background, objectives,
problem statement and scopes of the project will be discussed in this chapter.
Problem Statements
A handicapped person with locomotive disabilities needs a wheelchair to perform functions
that require him or her to move around. He can do so manually by pushing the wheelchair
with his hands. However many individuals have weak upper limbs or find the manual mode
of operating too tiring. Hence it is desirable to provide them with a motorized wheelchair that
can be controlled by moving a joystick or through voice commands. Since the motorized
wheelchair can move at a fair speed, it is important that it be able to avoid obstacles
automatically in real time. All this should be achieved at a cost that is affordable for as many
handicapped people as possible, as well as for organizations that support them. With these
requirements in mind we propose an automated wheelchair with real-time obstacle avoidance
capability.
The power wheelchair control interfaces currently still not enough to provide truly
independent mobility for substantial number of person with disabilities.
Through research and design wise, the power wheelchair to control development along safe
and effective use of the provision independence and self-use mobility.
This project will provide disability weight innovative solutions to handle the wheel chairs to
use voice interface.
This project describes a wheelchair which can be controlled only by using the user's voice.
This project aims to facilitate the movement of the disabled people and elderly people who
cannot move properly then enable them to lead better lives without any problem. Speech
recognition technology is a key technology which can provide a new way of human
interaction with machines or tools for controlling a wheelchair. This project consists of two
parts which is software and hardware. It is realized by using the microphone as an
intermediary which is used as the input of human voice. In this project, Programmable
3. Integrated Circuit (AVR) is used as a switch to control the movement of wheelchair based on
the human voice as an input with installing two DC motor as the driving force.
There are five options for basic motions of a wheelchair to be applied by the user. The five
conditions of the wheelchair can be described as the following:
i. Moving forward
ii. Moving backward
iii. Turning to the right
iv. Turning to the left
v. Stop condition
This project describes the design and development of the motion control using voice
recognition for a wheelchair application.
Objectives of Projects
i. To develop a voice controlled wheelchair system by using Visual Basic for wheelchair
control.
ii. To implement the voice user as an input to control the movement of wheelchair.
iii. Provide the facilities for disabled people and elderly people who can’t move properly.
Literature Review
Several studies have shown that the independent mobility; which is included power wheel
chair, manual wheelchair and walker access the benefit to both children and adults
Independent mobility increases vocational and educational opportunities, reduces dependence
on caregivers and family members, and promotes feelings of self-reliance. [1]
For young children, independent mobility serves as the foundation for much early learning.
Non ambulatory children lack access to the wealth of stimuli afforded self-ambulating
children. This lack of exploration and control often produces a cycle of deprivation and
reduced motivation that leads to learned helplessness. [1]
For adults, independent mobility is an important aspect of self-esteem and plays a pivotal role
in “aging in place.” For example, if older people find it increasingly difficult to walk or wheel
themselves to the commode, they may do so less often or they may drink less fluid to reduce
the frequency of urination. If they become unable to walk or wheel themselves to the
4. commode and help is not routinely available in the home when needed, a move to a more
enabling environment (e.g., assisted living) may be necessary. [1]
Mobility limitations are the leading cause of functional limitations among adults, with an
estimated prevalence of 40 per 1,000 persons age 18 to 44 and 188 per 1,000 at age 85 and
older. Mobility difficulties are also strong predictors of activities of daily living (ADL) and
instrumental ADL disabilities because of the need to move to accomplish many of these
activities. [1]
In addition, impaired mobility often results in decreased opportunities to socialize, which
leads to social isolation, anxiety, and depression. While the needs of many individuals with
disabilities can be satisfied with traditional manual or power wheelchairs, a segment of the
disabled community finds it difficult or impossible to use wheelchairs independently. [1]
This population includes, but is not limited to, individuals with low vision, visual field
reduction, spasticity, tremors, or cognitive deficits. These individuals often lack independent
mobility and rely on a caregiver to push them in a manual wheelchair. To accommodate this
population, several researchers have used technologies originally developed for power
wheelchairs have been designed of different ways, such as assuring collision-free travel,
aiding the performance of specific tasks (e.g., passing through doorways), and autonomously
transporting the user between locations. [1]
The idea of using voice activated technology for controlling the motion of the wheelchair is
to prove that it can be a unique concept that would stand apart from the rest of the average
projects. The use of this new technology in conjunction with a mechanical system in order to
simplify everyday life would spark interest in an ever growing modern society. Many people
with disabilities do not have the dexterity necessary to control a joystick on an electrical
wheelchair. This can be a great for the quadriplegics who is permanently unable to move any
of the arms or legs. They can use their wheelchair easier only using voice commands. [1]
7. Block Diagram
HARDWARE USED
1. Avr Atmega 32 Microcontroller
2. Max 232 IC.
3. Voltage regulator 7805.
4. Diode IN4007
5. Wheel chair chasis
6. Wheels,DC motors
7. Battery
8. Voice control module
9. Relay driver IC ULN 2803
8. SOFTWARE USED
Code Vision Avr /Avr Studio.
AVR ISP Programmer
Pony Prog./Avr Dude software to download the hex file
Explanation for Block diagram
AN INTRODUCTION TO AVR Atmega 16/32 MICROCONTROLLER:
ATmega16 is an 8-bit high performance microcontroller of Atmel’s Mega AVR family with
low power consumption. Atmega16 is based on enhanced RISC (Reduced Instruction Set
Computing, Know more about RISC and CISC Architecture) architecture with 131 powerful
instructions. Most of the instructions execute in one machine cycle. Atmega16 can work on a
maximum frequency of 16MHz.
ATmega16 has 16 KB programmable flash memory, static RAM of 1 KB and EEPROM of
512 Bytes. The endurance cycle of flash memory and EEPROM is 10,000 and 100,000,
respectively.
ATmega16 is a 40 pin microcontroller. There are 32 I/O (input/output) lines which are
divided into four 8-bit ports designated as PORTA, PORTB, PORTC and PORTD.
9. ATmega16 has various in-built peripherals like USART, ADC, Analog
Comparator, SPI, JTAG etc. Each I/O pin has an alternative task related to in-built
peripherals.
Wheelchair Battery
The battery used in this work is wet type .Wet batteries use the chemical reaction between
lead and sulphuric acid to create electrical energy. As the batteries need filling with distilled water,
they do have a higher maintenance rate, but are lighter than Gel or AGM (Absorbed Glass Mat)
batteries.
Wheels
10. Wheelchair has four wheels, two rear wheels and two castor wheels, the two caster wheel
are fixated in wheelchair base in front all wheels have the same diameter .The drive wheels are in
rear on either side of the base, allowing the chair to turn according to voice command, wheels
engages directly to a gear train that transmit torque form motor to wheels by two grooves in each
wheel and nut.
Motors
Motors are arguably one of the most important parts of a mobile robotics platform.
Overpowered motors cause inefficiency and waste the already limited supply of power from the on-
board batteries, while undersized motors could be short on torque at critical times. The optimal
rotation speed and the available speed range of the motor must also be taken into consideration.
Too high of an output rpm from the motor shaft will cause the robot to operate at a fast,
uncontrollable speed. Too low of an output and the robot will not be able to attain a suitable speed
to meet the user’s needs. The torque output of the motor also plays a role in the performance
because if the torque is not sufficient, locomotion may not occur in certain situations. Therefore,
much consideration was put into the selection of the proper motor for the platform.
Motors come in many shapes and sizes. There are electromagnetic direct current (DC)
motors and electromagnetic alternating current (AC) motors and a number of variations of each. AC
motors are typically used for large applications, such as machine tools, washers, dryers, etc., and are
powered by an AC power line. Since the typical power supply for mobile robotic is a DC battery, and
technology for transforming DC to AC is very expensive in both terms of monetary cost and power
cost, AC motors where ruled out as an option for the robot.
DC motors are commonly used for small jobs and suited the purposes of the platform very
well. Figure shows the 12V DC motor use in wheelchair.
DC motor used in wheelchair
11. Hardware Components Added to Original Wheelchair
The modification that adds to original wheelchair with removing joystick that designs
before (to modifying wheelchair function according to person injury especially for the
injuries who suffer from spasms and paralysis of extremities) makes its physical design very
effective. It is a combination of various physical (hardware) and computational (software)
elements that integrate the subsystems of the wheelchair to work in one unit. In terms of
hardware components the main components that added to wheelchair are interfacing circuit,
microphone (headset microphone) and notebook computer (host computer).
Microphone
A quality microphone is the key when utilizing automatic speech recognition (ASR).
In most cases, a desktop microphone just will not do the job. They tend to pick up more
ambient noise that gives ASR programs a hard time. Hand held microphones are also not the
best choice as they can be cumbersome to pick up all the time. While they do limit the
amount of ambient noise, they are most useful in applications that require changing speakers
often, or when speaking to the recognizer is not done frequently (when wearing a headset is
not an option).
The best choice and by far the most common is the headset style. It allows the
ambient noise to be minimized, while allowing you to have the microphone at the tip of your
tongue all the time [Cook, 2002]. Headsets are available without earphones and with
earphones (mono or stereo) in this work the headphone type (FANCONG FC-340) is
employed.
Relay Driver Interfacing Circuit
A relay can be used to switch higher power devices such as motors and solenoids. If
desired, the relay can be powered by a separate power supply, so, for instance, 12V motors
can be controlled by the parallel port of notebook computer. Free welling diode can be used
to protect the relay contact and prevent damage to the transistor when the relay switches off.
An intermediate stage between control signal (output of parallel port) and motors
consists of a combination of component relays, transistors, diodes, capacitors, resistors and
buffer 74ABT245 as shown in Figures (4) and (5), it uses to protect parallel port against any
12. expected damage, The 74ABT245 high-performance BiCMOS device combines low static
and dynamic power dissipation with high speed and high output drive shown in Figure (6).
Figure (6), Pin Configuration
of 74ABT245
Figure (4), Relay Interfacing Fixated
on Wheelchair
13. Future Scope of project
Develop the voice recognition system by using Voice recognition module. Voice recognition
issues a command to control the movement of wheelchair. Microcontroller AVR Atmega32
and DC motor circuit were built for movement of wheelchair. This system works in a quiet
environment so that no disorder during recognize the user voice. Furthermore, the user voice
must clear in short distance on microphone to ensure the accuracy of the pronunciations of
the word-related (voice) was essential in this innovation. The weight of the load for this
system must be below 50 kilogram so that wheelchair only can function properly.
Obstacle avoidance sensors can be interfaced.
Home appliance control circuit can interfaced along with wheel chair control.
CONCLUSIONS
We have successfully designed and implemented a motorized wheelchair controlled by a
joystick or through voice recognition. The total cost was Rs.10000 including the cost of the
wheelchair.
The voice recognition system worked for most of the commands (over 95%). Only when a
word was not properly vocalized, the system did not recognize it. However, the joystick can
always be used as a fool proof backup in this case.
Overall, users reported satisfaction with the system.
Further work is needed to better identify small objects.
The project provides the following learning's:
1. Speech recognition module operation.
2. RF technology.
3. DC motors working and need for motor driver.
4. Interfacing Speech recognition module to Microcontroller
14. 5. Interfacing RF transmitter and Receiver to Microcontroller.
6. Relay working principle.
Result
The voice recognition system will be first tested in a quiet room with a single user. All words
were correctly recognized. Next we will test it with a different user on whom the system was
not trained. About 5% errors occurred in this case, for example words like “right” were
recognized as “write”. This was because the recognizer heard a different pronunciation.
However, after the user had spoken the word a number of times the recognizer had enough
examples and properly determined what pronunciation the user spoke. Next we tested the
system in a noisy room by turning on some music in that room. When the music was light
there was no problem in correctly recognizing the words but when we turned then volume
high the recognizer found it difficult to recognize the user’s voice and often took commands
from what it heard in the song.
The joystick control was fool proof and worked perfectly in all cases with no problems.
REFERENCES
[1] Chin-Tuan Tan and Brian C. J. Moore,
Perception of nonlinear distortion by hearing-impaired people, International
Journal of Ideology 2008, Vol. 47, No. 5 , Pages 246-256.
[2] Oberle, S., and Kaelin, A. "Recognition of acoustical alarm signals for the profoundly
deaf using hidden Markov models," in IEEE
International symposium on Circuits and
Systems (Hong Kong), pp. 2285-2288., 1995
[3] A. Shawki and Z. J., A smart reconfigurable visual system for theblind, Proceedings of the
Tunisian-German Conference on: Smart Systems and Devices, 2001.
[4] C. M. Higgins and V. Pant, Biomimetic VLSI sensor for visual tracking of small moving
targets, IEEE Transactions on Circuits an Systems, vol. 51, pp. 2384–2394, 2004.
[5] F. Daerden and D. Lefeber, The concept and design of pleated pneumatic artificial
muscles. International Journal of Fluid Power, vol. 2, no. 3, 2001, pp. 41–45
[6] http://msdn.microsoft.com/enus/ library/default.aspx
15. [7] K. R. Castleman, Digital Image Processing, Pearson Education, 1996.
[8] M. A. Maziddi, AVR microcontroller and Embedded Systems, 2008.
[9] http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/gadgets /high-tech-gadgets/speech-recognition.htm
[10] D. Murray and A. Basu, ‘Motion tracking with an active camera’, IEEE Trans. Pattern
Analysis and Machine Intelligence, Vol 16, No. 5, pp. 449-459, 1994.
[11] http://www.voicerecognition.com/
[12] N. Otsu. A threshold selection method from gray-level histogram, IEEE Trans. System,
Man, and Cybernetic. vol. 9, no.1, pp. 62-66,
1979.