TONGUE DRIVE SYSTEM (TDS) OPERATED PATIENT FRIENDLY WHEEL CHAIR

K.Sakthikumaran et al., International Journal of Advanced Research in Innovative Discoveries in Engineering and Applications[IJARIDEA]
Vol.1, Issue 2,27 December 2016, pg. 17-25
17
© 2016, IJARIDEA All Rights Reserved
TONGUE DRIVE SYSTEM (TDS)
OPERATED PATIENT FRIENDLY WHEEL
CHAIR
K.Sakthikumaran
Student, M.E (Applied Electronics), Sri Eshwar College Of Engineering, Coimbatore, India
Abstract— People with serious incapacities experiences traumatic mind and spinal line wounds (TBI/SCI) to
amyotrophic parallel sclerosis (ALS) and stroke by and large discover it to a great degree hard to complete every day
undertakings without accepting consistent offer assistance. These people are totally reliant on wheeled versatility for
transportation all around of their homes. A considerable lot of them utilize electrically fueled wheelchairs (PWC) ,it is
not reasonable for above individuals. Tongue Drive framework (TDS) is a tongue-worked unpretentious assistive
innovation, which can conceivably give individuals serious inabilities with viable PC get to and environment control.
It makes an interpretation of clients' aims into control summons by recognizing and ordering their deliberate tongue
movement using a little changeless magnet, repeated on the tongue, and a variety of attractive sensors mounted on a
headset outside the mouth or an orthodontic prop inside. This venture includes the outline of an ergonomically
composed electric wheelchair for household use by Indian old matured individuals and incapacitated patients. This
venture goes for controlling a wheelchair by method for TDS. It empowers an incapacitated individual to move
around freely, utilizing TDS application which is interfaced with engines. The model of the wheelchair is constructed
utilizing a small scale controller, decided for its minimal effort, notwithstanding its flexibility and execution in
scientific operations and correspondence with other electronic gadgets. The item basically comprises of 3 modules viz.
seat, connections and edge. Center is laid around various parameters, for example, frame, usefulness, innovation and
design of the item. The plan is approved by creating Advanced Mockups of individual parts are produced in CATIA
and are collected to shape the last item. Important recreations of the item are created in virtual environment of
CATIA. The framework has been planned and executed in a practical manner so that if our venture is popularized the
poor clients in creating nations will profit.
Keywords— ALS, CATIA, Powered Wheel Chairs, Tongue Drive System.
I. INTRODUCTION
Wheelchair is controlled by tongue movement as its name suggests. We can utilize the tongue for
controlling wheelchair. There are two segments transmitter area and recipient segment. Transmitter
area is set in the client's mouth and recipient segment is set at the back of the seat. We can plan this
venture for incapacitated or especially for deadened individual who need to rely on upon the other
individual for their everyday exercises. In the transmitter area we can put the magnet at the focal
point of the tongue and the three Lobby Impact sensors are set at the external side of the teeth. We
can settle the magnet either for all time or incidentally. The changeless magnet settling strategy is
known as tissue puncturing and incidentally magnet settling technique is known as tissue cement. At
the point when magnet is touched to one side sensor then seat can be moved to one side. at the point
when magnet is touched to the correct sensor then wheel seat can moved to the correct side. we can
settled the magnet parmanently by utilizing operation of temporarly by utilizing one kind of fluid.
Tongue Drive framework (TDS) is a tongue-worked subtle remote assistive innovation, which can
conceivably give individuals extreme inabilities with viable PC get to and environment control. It
makes an interpretation of clients' expectations into control summons by identifying and
characterizing their intentional tongue movement using a little changeless magnet, secured on the
tongue, and a variety of attractive sensors mounted on a headset outside the mouth or an orthodontic

18
support inside. We have created altered interface hardware and actualized four control procedures to
drive a wheel seat utilizing an outer TDS model.
The attractive sensors are only corridor impact sensors. A Corridor Impact sensor is a transducer that
shifts its yield voltage in light of changes in attractive field. In its most straightforward shape, the
sensor works as a simple transducer, specifically giving back a voltage. With a known attractive field,
its separation from the Lobby plate can be resolved. The control framework comprises of Corridor
Impact sensor and RF Transmitter. The information from sensor is given to transmitter and RF
transmitter transmits the encoded information through the RF transmitter. At collector end RF
recipient gets the information through the decoder and encouraged as contribution to the smaller
scale controller. The controller plays out the comparing activities i.e., wheel seat development. This
Venture comprises of Microcontroller Units, Wheel seat and Corridor Impact sensor and remote
correspondence through RF. Wheel seat is comprised of High torque Adapted DC Engines, the
Engines Headings can be changed through the arrangement of guidelines given from the Lobby
Impact sensor and the activity of these Directions is as of now stacked into the Microcontroller
utilizing Implanted C programming. The RF collector gives the data to the microcontroller (on board
PC) from RF transmitter and the controller judges whether the guideline is correct development or
left development in view of the tongue development and controls the heading. Requirement for New
Plan in a Wheel Seat At present patients are confronting issue while pooping. Patients should be
lifted up and evacuated the dress and make them poo, which is discomforting to the patients in crisis
condition.Cost of Wheelchairs fluctuate nearly as much as the people who require them. costs for a
power wheelchair fluctuate colossally, beginning around 50000 INR and going as high as 4,00,000
INR. One review, distributed in the Documents of Physical Solution and Recovery assessed 15
electric-controlled wheelchairs, with a normal cost of 75,000INR. There is a requirement for savvy
and multipurpose wheelchair to suit for this situation.
II. EXISTING SYSTEM
In [1], paper manages the client with a smooth relative control rather than a switch in light of/off
control that is the premise of most existing advancements. This venture is displayed the impacts of
position and introduction of the perpetual magnet on the sensors in FEMLAB and tentatively
measured them.It has constructed a model framework utilizing off-the-rack segments and tried it
effectively by building up a graphical UI (GUI) in LabVIEW environment. [2] manages Tongue
Drive," to give individuals serious incapacities with adaptable and powerful PC get to and
environment control. A little changeless magnet secured on the tongue by implantation, puncturing,
or tissue cements, is used as a tracer to track the tongue developments. The attractive field varieties
inside and around the mouth because of the tongue developments are identified by a couple of three-
pivotal direct magneto-inductive sensor modules mounted respectively on a headset close to the
client's cheeks. In the wake of being remotely transmitted to a compact PC, the sensor yield signs are
prepared by a differential field cancelation calculation to kill the outside attractive field impedance,
and converted into client control orders, which could then be utilized to get to a desktop PC, move a
controlled wheelchair, or control different gadgets in the client's surroundings. [3] manages the
utilization of Force Electric wheelchairs for physically handicapped individuals is turning out to be
progressively basic; however the frameworks utilized as a part of request to oversee it are decreased
to the utilization of particular drivers, just utilizing joysticks to control the wheelchair, and these are
by and large appropriate just for patients with engine inabilities in their lower appendages. This
paper proposes the advancement of a discourse control framework and an attractive control
framework to drive a wheelchair as an option for patients with extreme incapacities. Both are

19
connected to a shrewd wheelchair; the proposed frameworks incorporate the improvement of new
correspondence conventions for the wheelchair through a microcontroller, a H-extension, a
mouthpiece and an attractive control. Christo Ananth et al. [4] proposed a system about Efficient
Sensor Network for Vehicle Security. Today vehicle theft rate is very high, greater challenges are
coming from thieves thus tracking/ alarming systems are being deployed with an increasingly
popularity .As per as security is concerned today most of the vehicles are running on the LPG so it is
necessary to monitor any leakage or level of LPG in order to provide safety to passenger. Christo
Ananth et al. [5] discussed about Intelligent Sensor Network for Vehicle Maintenance System.
Modern automobiles are no longer mere mechanical devices; they are pervasively monitored through
various sensor networks & using integrated circuits and microprocessor based design and control
techniques while this transformation has driven major advancements in efficiency and safety. In the
existing system the stress was given on the safety of the vehicle, modification in the physical
structure of the vehicle but the proposed system introduces essential concept in the field of
automobile industry. It is an interfacing of the advanced technologies like Embedded Systems and
the Automobile world. [6] gives with Innovation Related Help to People with Incapacities . assistive
innovation is "any thing, bit of gear or item framework whether procured economically off the rack,
adjusted, or altered that is utilized to increment, keep up or enhance practical capacities of people
with handicaps". The cases of advanced assistive advances (ATs) incorporate yet not constrained to
wheelchair, prosthetic appendages, portable amplifier, and Braille letter sets is talked about. [7]
manages controlling a wheelchair by method for human voice. It empowers a handicapped individual
to move around freely, utilizing a voice acknowledgment application which is interfaced with
engines. The model of the wheelchair is constructed utilizing a miniaturized scale controller, decided
for its ease, notwithstanding its adaptability and execution in scientific operations and
correspondence with other electronic gadgets. The framework has been outlined and executed. In
[13], a scientific investigation is created to examine the nonlinear unfaltering blended convection
limit layer stream and warmth exchange of an incompressible digression hyperbolicnon-Newtonian
liquid from a non-isothermal wedge in the nearness of attractive field. The changed preservation
conditions are understood numerically subject to physically fitting limit conditions utilizing a
second-arrange precise verifiable limited distinction Keller Box method. In [12], the high level
description is transformed into software binaries and partitioned into Software and Hardware. The
software sits in Microprocessor and hardware in Custom Hardware. An estimator is designed to
estimate the partitioned hardware. It improves performance, energy and power for many benchmarks.
The single chip Microprocessor/FPGA is more attractive for its performance. Many works are
reported in Source Level Partitioning. There are few works in Binary Level Partitioning.
III. ANOTHER SOLUTION OF THE PROBLEM
Tongue Drive System (TDS) is a wireless tongue operated assistive technology (AT), which can
enable people with severe physical disabilities to access computers and drive powered wheelchairs
using their volitional tongue movements.
A. BASIC PRINCIPLE
Our proposed Tongue Drive Framework comprises of 4 Corridor Sensors that can be set outside the
mouth. A little lasting magnet is set on the tongue. The Lobby Sensors are interfaced to a
microcontroller. At the point when the magnet set on the tongue moves towards a specific Corridor
Sensor, the microcontroller takes a choice to move the wheel seat in a specific bearing which is sent
remotely to another microcontroller to which engines are interfaced. For instance, when the magnet
put on tongue is moved towards sensor S1as appeared in the figure, the wheelchair moves in the

20
forward bearing. Thus when it is moved towards the sensors S2, S3 and S4 the wheelchair moves
back, left and right individually. We have added a vicinity sensor to maintain a strategic distance
from impact. At the point when a deterrent is recognized the wheel seat will stop movement in the
impact inclined heading.
Fig.1 Model TDS with Hall Effect Sensor
B. MATERIALS AND METHOD
To create a sensible TDS controlled wheelchair, different sorts of hardware are essential. At first
wheelchair is made mechanically or by the establishment of mechanical gear/parts. Also, electrical
types of gear/segments are intended for utilizing as a part of the wheelchair and subsequent to
introducing these in the mechanical wheelchair, the mechanical wheelchair now is swung to an
electrical wheelchair. Here some concise thought regarding the types of gear/segments used to build
the wheelchair and their establishment.
Lobby sensors are utilized as a part of brushless DC electric engines to recognize the position of the
changeless magnet. In the imagined wheel with two similarly divided magnets, the voltage from the
sensor will top twice for every insurgency. This course of action is generally used to control the
speed of plate drives. A DC engine is an electric machine that believers electrical vitality into
mechanical vitality. The turnaround change of mechanical vitality into electrical vitality is finished
by an electric generator. In ordinary motoring mode, most electric engines work through the
collaboration between an electric Engine's attractive field and twisting streams to create compel
inside the engine. In specific applications, for example, in the transportation business with footing
engines, electric engines can work in both motoring and creating or braking modes to likewise
deliver electrical vitality from mechanical vitality. A pivot is a focal shaft for a turning wheel or
apparatus. On wheeled vehicles, the hub might be settled to the wheels, pivoting with them, or
settled to the vehicle, with the wheels turning around the hub. In the previous case, orientation or
bushings are given at the mounting focuses where the hub is bolstered. In the last case, an orientation
or bushing sits inside a focal gap in the wheel to permit the wheel or rigging to turn around the pivot.
Now and again, particularly on bikes, the last sort hub is alluded to as a shaft.
A direction is a machine component that obliges relative movement and decreases contact between
moving parts to just the sought movement. The plan of the bearing may, for instance, accommodate

21
free straight development of the moving part or with the expectation of complimentary turn around a
settled pivot; or, it might keep a movement by controlling the vectors of typical powers that bear on
the moving parts. Numerous heading additionally encourage the coveted movement however much
as could be expected, for example, by minimizing grinding. Orientation are characterized extensively
as indicated by the sort of operation, the movements permitted, or to the bearings of the heaps
connected to the parts. The lead–acid battery was imagined in 1859 by French physicist Gaston
Planet and is the most seasoned kind of rechargeable battery. Notwithstanding having a low vitality
to-weight proportion and a low vitality to-volume proportion, its capacity to supply high surge
streams implies that the cells have a moderately vast energy to-weight proportion. These components
alongside their minimal effort, makes it appealing for use in engine vehicles to give the high current
required via car starter engines. A hand-off is an electrically worked switch. Many transfers utilize
an electromagnet to mechanically work a switch, however other working standards are likewise
utilized, for example, strong state transfers. Transfers are utilized where it is important to control a
circuit by a low-control motion (with finish electrical detachment amongst control and controlled
circuits), or where a few circuits must be controlled by one flag.
C. Design Strategy
The plan and advancement of the framework includes the execution of both equipment and
programming. These methodologies must be very much executed with the goal that it will deliver
tasteful result of the framework which is to create the right wheelchair development after accepting
the TDS input order.
The wheelchair development control framework square chart is indicated which can be isolated into
four unique pieces:
1. Mouthpiece unit.
2. TDS module.
3. Fundamental control framework piece. also,
4. Control Supply Square.

22
Fig.2 Microcontroller unit of TDS powered wheel chair
Fig.3 Typical TDS controlled system
D. TRANSMITTER SECTION

23
Fig.4 Transmitter section diagram
The above is a piece of transmitter area. It has four corridor impact sensors. these sensors are
acquainted with microcontroller. Corridor impact sensors are transducers whose yield voltage shifts
because of the adjustment in engine work. Lobby impact sensor used to recognize the course of PWC.
At the point when a magnet is brought almost a specific lobby impact sensor ,the sensor gets
actuated. At the point when magnet is expelled then corridor impact sensor is deactivated. At that
point microcontroller takes choice to move specifically bearing.
E. RECEIVER SECTION
Fig.5 Receiver section diagram
The RF segment gets the choice send by the transmitter segment the engines are associated with the
microcontroller utilizing h-connect engine drive. The engine drivers are utilized to control the
heading both the engines utilized. In view of the choice transmitted wheelchair moves in a particular
course. To keep the wheel seat from smashing into deterrents ,nearness sensor is utilized. In view of
the nearness sensor yield microcontroller takes choices to go or not. The computerized and physical
deride ups ought to must be created .For this CATIA device is choosed and finish study was done on

24
most recent variant of CATIA V5 Understudy release. CATIA is the world's building and
configuration driving programming for item 3D computer aided design plan brilliance. It is utilized
to configuration, recreate, examine, and make PWC to be with great mechanical measures.
Material • Frame –25mm x 1mm thick hallow pipe of stainless steel 304
• Body – 1 mm thick Stain less steel 304 sheet
• Wheel rim – 304 stainless steel •
Tyre – hard nylon rubber
• Seat & Back rest – cushioned foam seat
• Brake – mechanical operated disc brake
• Commode – rigid plastic Scale –
• 1: 1 for working prototype
• 1:3 for Mockup
IV.RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Tongue drive remote assistive innovation works by following the developments of a little changeless
magnet secured on the tongue with the assistance of a variety of Lobby Impact sensors. The sensor
yields are an element of the position-subordinate magnet field produced by the changeless magnet.
This framework can conceivably profit individuals with extreme inabilities by empowering them to
work control wheelchair utilizing their tongue movement. The execution of the framework was
assessed via doing errand related examination did by six healthy subjects. For assessing the
execution two parameters were considered to be specific finishing time and number of navigational
error. This innovation gives speedier, smoother and more helpful corresponding control when
contrasted with many existing assistive advances. Likewise tongue and jaw muscle does not
weariness effectively. Different points of interest of the TDS are being inconspicuous, ease,
insignificantly intrusive, adaptable, and simple to work.
V. CONCLUSION
People with serious incapacities experiences traumatic mind and spinal line wounds (TBI/SCI) to
amyotrophic parallel sclerosis (ALS) and stroke by and large discover it to a great degree hard to
complete every day undertakings without accepting consistent offer assistance. These people are
totally reliant on wheeled versatility for transportation all around of their homes. A considerable lot
of them utilize electrically fueled wheelchairs (PWC) ,it is not reasonable for above individuals.
Tongue Drive framework (TDS) is a tongue-worked unpretentious assistive innovation, which can
conceivably give individuals serious inabilities with viable PC get to and environment control. It
makes an interpretation of clients' aims into control summons by recognizing and ordering their
deliberate tongue movement using a little changeless magnet, repeated on the tongue, and a variety
of attractive sensors mounted on a headset outside the mouth or an orthodontic prop inside. This
venture includes the outline of an ergonomically composed electric wheelchair for household use by
Indian old matured individuals and incapacitated patients. This venture goes for controlling a
wheelchair by method for TDS. It empowers an incapacitated individual to move around freely,
utilizing TDS application which is interfaced with engines. The model of the wheelchair is
constructed utilizing a small scale controller, decided for its minimal effort, notwithstanding its
flexibility and execution in scientific operations and correspondence with other electronic gadgets.
The item basically comprises of 3 modules viz. seat, connections and edge. Center is laid around
various parameters, for example, frame, usefulness, innovation and design of the item. The plan is
approved by creating Advanced Mockups of individual parts are produced in CATIA and are

25
collected to shape the last item. Important recreations of the item are created in virtual environment
of CATIA. The framework has been planned and executed in a practical manner so that if our
venture is popularized the poor clients in creating nations will profit.
REFERENCES
[1] X. Huo, J. Wang, M. Ghovanloo, “A Magneto-Inductive Sensor Based Wireless Tongue-Computer Interface”, in IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems
and Rehabilitation Engineering,Vol.16, No.5, October 2008, pp.497–504.
[2] Spinal Chord Injury Facts and Figure at a Glance. 2004, Birmingham, AL: NSCISC.
[3] G. Krishnamurthy and M. Ghovanloo, “Tongue Drive: A tongue operated magnetic sensor based wireless assistive technology for people with severe
disabilities”, in Proc. IEEE Int. Symp. Circuits Syst., May 2006, pp. 5551–5554.
[4] Christo Ananth, I.Uma Sankari, A.Vidhya, M.Vickneshwari, P.Karthiga, “Efficient Sensor Network for Vehicle Security”, International Journal of
Advanced Scientific and Technical Research (IJST), Volume 2, Issue 4, March-April 2014,pp – 871-877
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[10] Y. Chen, "Application of tilt sensors in human-computer mouse E.R. Kandel, J.H. Schwartz, T.M. Jessell, "Principles of neural interface for people
with disabilities," IEEE Trans. Neural Sys. science," 4th ed. McGraw-Hill, 2000. Rehab. Eng., vol. 9, pp. 289-294, Sept. 2001.
[11] C. Salem, S. Zhai, "An isometric tongue pointing device," Proc. CHI M. Betke, J. Gips, and P. Fleming, "The Camera Mouse: visual 97, pp. 22-27,
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[12] Sangeetha, Dr.M.,"Control Construct Estimation For Partitioned Binaries In Codesign System.",International Journal of Advanced Research in
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[13] S. Abdul Gaffar, O. Anwar Beg, E. Keshava Reddy, V. Ramachandra Prasad, "Mixed Convection Magnetohydrodynamic Boundary Flow And Thermal
Convectionof Non-Newtonian Tangenthyperbolic Fluid From Non-Iosthermal Wedgewith Biot Number Effects.", International Journal of Advanced
Research in Innovative Discoveries in Engineering and Applications[IJARIDEA], Volume 1,Issue 1,October 2016,pp:7-11

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