The document discusses cloud middleware and various cloud platforms. It provides details about Eucalyptus, OpenStack, Ubuntu Enterprise Cloud, Amazon EC2, Google App Engine, and their components. Eucalyptus is an open-source software for building private and hybrid clouds. It implements Amazon Web Services APIs and interfaces. OpenStack is an open-source cloud platform consisting of modules like Nova, Swift, Glance, Keystone and Horizon. Ubuntu Enterprise Cloud is a commercial version of Eucalyptus that provides tools for managing infrastructure and users. Amazon EC2 and Google App Engine are commercial cloud platforms that allow deploying and scaling web applications.

1. Jithin Parakka
Department of Computer Science
Pondicherry University

2. • Cloud Middleware
• Amazon EC2
• Eucalyptus
• Openstack
• Ubuntu Enterprise Cloud
• Google App Engine
• Approaches to enable multi-tenancy
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4. Middleware is a general term for any program that serves to "glue together"
or mediate between two separate and often already existing programs.
Cloud Middleware is software used to integrate services, applications and
content available on the cloud.
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5. Data management
Identity / security management
User interfaces and portals
Billing and metering
Management and monitoring
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6. Image Repository
User Portal Compute Servers
Cloud Controller
Block Storage
User
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7. Image Repository
User Portal Compute Servers
Cloud Controller
Block Storage
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8. User
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9. Cloud Controller
VM VM VM VM
Node Node Node Node
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10. Virtual Virtual Virtual
Virtual Machine Machine Machine Machine
Management
Hypervisor
Physical Hardware
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11. Applications Applications
Gust OS Gust OS
Virtual Hardware Virtual Hardware
Virtual Machine Software Layer
Physical Hardware
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12. Virtual machine talks to VMM which communicates with the hardware
platform
CPU understands the unmodified instructions generated by Virtualized
OS
Advantages
Complete decoupling of the software from the hardware
Complete isolation of different applications
Disadvantages
VMM should provide additionally virtual bios, virtual memory space
and virtual devices
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13. Applications Applications
Applications
Gust OS Gust OS
Host OS Virtual Hardware Virtual Hardware
Virtual Machine Software Layer
Physical Hardware
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14. Guest OS uses specialized API that talks to the VMM which sends the
virtualization requests to the hardware.
VMM does not need a resource intensive translation of instructions.
Advantages
Near native performance
Migration
Disadvantages
Not applicable for Windows OS
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15. Allow multiple operating systems, termed guests, to run
concurrently on a host computer.
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16. A software implementation of a computing environment in which an
operating system (OS) or program can be installed and run.
Typically emulates a physical computing environment.
Requests for CPU, memory, hard disk, network and other hardware
resources are managed by a virtualization layer which translates these
requests to the underlying physical hardware.
Advantages.
Multiple OS environments can co-exist on the same computer.
Application provisioning, maintenance, high availability and disaster
recovery.
Disadvantages
Security
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17. Look up and retrieval system for virtual machine images.
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18. Contain Core Operating System and essential tools.
It’s a prototype from which virtual servers are created.
Can be obtained from public repository.
Or you can create yourself.
An image have unique ID and it is used to provision the image.
Contain three part
Kernel Image.
Ramdisk Image.
Is an initial root file system that is mounted prior to when the real
root file system is available
Root File System image.
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19. Create a virtual disk image
ˆ Installing the OS
ˆ Installing required applications
ˆ Make the OS ready to run on cloud
Registering the images with image repository
ˆ Testing the image
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21. Provide block level storage that you can mount from your instances.
You can format it as your wish.
 With multiple block you can create RAID.
You can take Snapshot of volume
Back up.
Replication.
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22. A GUI for users to access the cloud.
User can
Launch Instances.
Shut down or terminate.
List available images.
List running instances.
Manage security groups.
Manage block storage.
Manage IP address.
Create Key pairs.
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23. Elasticfox.
Hybridfox.
Authenticate using credentials.
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24. Euca2ools.
User can
Launch Instances.
Shut down or terminate.
List available images.
List running instances.
Manage security groups.
Manage block storage.
Manage IP address.
Create Key pairs.
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25. Cryptographic Keypairs to verify access to instances.
Contain two keys
Public key: saved within cloud.
Private key: output to the user as character string.
Public key is injected to VM when instance starts.
When attempting to login to the VMinstance using SSH, the public key is
checked against your private key to verify access.
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26. A security group is a set of networking rules applied to instances.
When you first create an instance, it is assigned to a default security group
that denies incoming network traffic from all sources.
To allow login and usage of a new instance, you must authorize network
access to the default security group.
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27. Instances typically have two IPs associated with them.
Private IPs are intended for internal communications between instances
and are usually only routable within a cloud.
Public IPs are used for external access and are usually routable outside of
cloud.
With elastic IPs the user gains control over a set of static IP addresses. Once
allocated to the user, those same IPs can be dynamically associated to
running instances, overriding pre-assigned public IPs.
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30. On-premise and Hybrid Cloud Infrastructure as a Service.
It uses existing infrastructure to create a scalable, secure web services layer
that abstracts compute, network and storage to offer IaaS.
Eucalyptus web services are uniquely designed for hybrid clouds using the
industry standard Amazon Web Services™ (AWS) API.
Research project in the Computer Science Department at the University of
California, Santa Barbara.
Elastic Utility Computing Architecture Linking Your Programs To Useful
Systems.
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31. Amazon AWS Interface Compatibility
High-Availability IaaS Service
Quota Management and Accounting
Flexible Clustering
User Group and Role-Based Access
Network Management, Security
Management
Groups, Traffic Isolation
Self-service User Portal*
Elasticity and Self-Service Capability
VMware Hypervisor Support*
Bucket-Based Storage Abstraction (S3-
Virtual-to-Virtual Image Conversion for
Compatible)
VMware*
Block-Based Storage Abstraction (EBS-
Robust SAN Integration*
Compatible)
Xen and KVM Hypervisor Support
Microsoft Windows Guest Support
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33. Node Controller (NC)
Cluster Controller (CC)
Walrus Storage Controller (WS3)
Storage Controller (SC)
Cloud Controller (CLC)
VMware Broker
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34. Component that runs on every nodes.
Virtual Machines lifecycle management.
Maintains local ache of instance images.
Manage the virtual network end point.
Queries and control the system software.
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35. Gather information about set of Node Controllers.
Schedule a virtual machine execution on a specific Node controller.
Manage the virtual machine network.
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36. Persistent storage for both virtual machine images and users data using
REST and SOAP.
In walrus data is stored as objects and organized in buckets.
Interface compatible with Amazone Simple Storage Service (S3).
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37. Provides persistent block storage that can be dynamically attached to the
virtual machine.
The SC is capable of interfacing with various storage systems
(NFS, iSCSI, SAN devices, etc.)
Allow creation of snapshots of volumes.
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38. Front end of the entire cloud infrastructure.
Entry point into the cloud for administrators, developers, project managers
and end users.
Monitoring resources: Queries other components for information about
resources.
Resource abstraction: Decide which cluster will be used for provisioning the
instances.
Monitoring the running instances.
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40. Cloud Controller Node Controller
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41. kvm-ok
INFO: /dev/kvm does not exist
HINT: sudo modprobe kvm_intel
INFO: Your CPU supports KVM extensions
KVM acceleration can be used
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42. Assigns a random MAC address to the VM instance before booting and
attaches the VM instance's Ethernet device to the physical Ethernet through
the node's local Xen bridge.
VM instances typically obtain an IP address using DHCP.
Administrator configures Eucalyptus with a 'map' of MAC address/IP
Address pairs
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43. Maintain a DHCP server with static mappings for each VM instance that is
created.
Allows Eucalyptus expose a capability similar to Amazon's 'security groups.
Elastic IP is supported in this mode only.
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44. 1. Download the Eucalyptus release key from
http://www.eucalyptus.com/eucalyptus-cloud/security/keys.
2. Add the public key to the list of trusted keys.
apt-key add c1240596-eucalyptus-release-key.pub
3. Create a file in /etc/apt/sources.list.d called eucalyptus.list with the
following content:
deb http://downloads.eucalyptus.com/software/eucalyptus/3.1/ubuntu
precise main
4. On all machines that will run either Eucalyptus or Euca2ools, create a file
in /etc/apt/sources.list.d called euca2ools.list with the following content:
deb http://downloads.eucalyptus.com/software/euca2ools/2.1/ubuntu
precise main
Now install packages
apt-get install eucalyptus-cloud eucalyptus-cc eucalyptus-sc eucalyptus-
walrus
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45. 1. Download the Eucalyptus release key from
http://www.eucalyptus.com/eucalyptus-cloud/security/keys.
2. Add the public key to the list of trusted keys.
apt-key add c1240596-eucalyptus-release-key.pub
3. Create a file in /etc/apt/sources.list.d called eucalyptus.list with the
following content:
deb http://downloads.eucalyptus.com/software/eucalyptus/3.1/ubuntu
precise main
4. On all machines that will run either Eucalyptus or Euca2ools, create a file
in /etc/apt/sources.list.d called euca2ools.list with the following content:
deb http://downloads.eucalyptus.com/software/euca2ools/2.1/ubuntu
precise main
Now install packages
apt-get install eucalyptus-nc
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51. Open source IaaS cloud computing project started by Rackspace Cloud and
NASA in 2010.
Currently OpenStack is a global collaboration of more than hundred
companies including Dell, AMD, Intel, hp, SUSE, redhat etc.
Currently has packages for CentOS, Fedora, RHEL, Debian, and Ubuntu.
Hypervisors supported by open stack are Xen, KVM, VMware V-Sphere and
Hyper-V.
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52. OpenStack compute - Nova
OpenStack object storage - Swift
OpenStack image service - Glance
Identity Service - Keystone
UI service - Horizon
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53. A package stack of applications from Canonical.
UEC includes a number of open source tools to manage the infrastructure,
including open source cloud software Eucalyptus.
KVM support.
Interface compatibility with EC2.
Simple installation and deployment.
Basic administrative tools for system management and user accounting.
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56. Lets you run web applications on Google's infrastructure.
App Engine applications are easy to build, easy to maintain, and easy to
scale as your traffic and data storage needs grow.
With App Engine, there are no servers to maintain.
You can serve your app from your own domain name.
You can serve your app using a free name on the appspot.com domain.
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57. Java runtime environment.
Python runtime environments.
Go runtime environment.
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65. Jithin Parakka
parakkajithin@gmail.com