1) Global forest resources are changing as deforestation rates have slowed over the past two decades but tropical deforestation and degradation remain high issues while planted forests and plantations are growing in importance. 2) Demands on forests are increasing and contradictory as needs rise for food, feed, bioenergy, renewable materials, and ecosystem services due to population and economic growth as well as climate initiatives. 3) These increasing and conflicting demands must be addressed sustainably through approaches like resource efficiency, land use optimization, sustainable forest and resource management, sustainable consumption and production, and informed governance.